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mxcjf `xajq $vxmobobe mbf wjxmvo`bq/ uovd vdj qzww`xv vdj OAXA"
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bmvo`bmk cjmqzxjq v` xjezkmvj vdj zqj ` `xaj mbf xjmxcq h kmu#
jb`xajcjbv iajxq+ obakzfobe vdjox mxcjf `xajq+ mbf+ qzww`xvjf
h vdj OAXA+ dmyj qvmxvjf v` vxmob qzad `xajq ob vdoq jkf"
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v` hj f`bj" Azxxjbv fbmcoaq qvokk a`bvobzj+ mbf vdj a`bfovo`bq `x
qzaajqq w`kovoamk uokk mbf a`cwjvjbv bmvo`bmk a`ccovvjjq vdmv
cm xjk `b vdj OAXA qzww`xv mxj lb`ub v` mkk ` zq"
Wmvxoal ^mdbfKjemk Mfyoq`x `x Kmvob Mcjxoam mbf vdj Amxohhjmb
Mfyoq`x Qjxyoaj `b ODK
OAXA
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WMXV O
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8/2/2019 Implementing IHL: participation of the American States in IHL treaties and their national implementation - report 20
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WMXVOAOWMVO@B @I
VDJ MCJXOAMB QVMVJQ
OB ODK VXJMVOJQ
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wjxq`bq x`c vdj ocwmavq mxcjf a`boav>
Wx`vjavo`b ` Yoavocq ` Mxcjf A`bioavq
Ejbjym A`byjbvo`bq =8 Mzezqv =?6? $EA O#OY =?6?/
Wx`v`a`k Mffovo`bmk v` vdj Ejbjym A`byjbvo`bq ` =8 Mzezqv
=?6?+ mbf xjkmvobe v` vdj Wx`vjavo`b Yoavocq Obvjxbmvo`bmk
Mxcjf A`boavq+ Nzbj 4 + =?55 $MW O =?55/
Qvmvjcjbv wx`yofjf x ob Mxvoakj ?7 MW O $MW O AODJ/
Mffovo`bmk Wx`v`a`k v` vdj Ejbjym A`byjbvo`bq ` =8 Mzezqv
=?6?+ mbf xjkmvobe v` vdj Wx`vjavo`b ` Yoavocq ` B`b#
Obvjxbmvo`bmk Mxcjf A`boavq+ Nzbj 4 =?55 $MW OO =?55/
Wx`v`a`k `b B`b#Fjvjavmhkj Ixmecjbvq+ @av`hjx =7+ =?47$WO/
Wx`v`a`k b Cobjq+ H``h#vxmwq mbf vdjx Fjyoajq+ @av`hjx
=7+ =?47 $W OO/
Wx`v`a`k b Obajbfomx Ujmw`bq+ @av`hjx =7+ =?47 $W OOO/
Wx`v`a`k `b Hkobfobe Kmqjx Ujmw`bq+ @av`hjx =1+ =??: $WOY
=??:/
Wx`v`a`k `b Cobjq+ H``h#vxmwq mbf `vdjx Fjyoajq mq
mcjbfjf `b Cm 1+ =??9 $WOO mq ` =??9/
Wx`v`a`k b Jtwk`qoyj Xjcbmbvq Umx+ B`yjchjx 84+ 8771"
$WY 8771/
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$AAU mq 877=/
A`byjbvo`b `b vdj Wx`dohovo`b ` vdj Fjyjk`wcjbv+
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WMxV O
=7
OCWKJCJBVOBE ODK
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mbf hobfobe `b mkk wmxvojq"
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umq mvvjbfjf h vjmadjxq mbf mzvd`xovojq x`c c`xj vdmb =7
a`zbvxojq"
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8774 wjxo`f" Vdoq zwfmvj a`bqofjxjf vd`qj a`zbvxojq ob vdj
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Eoyjb vdmv vxmobobe b azqv`cmx kmu oq mb be`obe wx`ajqq+ vdj
OAXA dmq wmxvbjxjf uovd vdj Hxovoqd Xjf Ax`qq v` zbfjxvmlj m
wx`njav v` zwfmvj vdj wxmtoq xja`xfjf ob Y`kzcj OO ` vdj qvzf+
mv vdj Kmzvjxwmadv Ajbvxj `x Obvjxbmvo`bmk Kmu+ Zboyjxqov `
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zbvok mv kjmqv vdj jbf ` 87=1"
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fmvj+ ov a`yjxq ?: Qvmvjq mbf ov obakzfjq bmvo`bmk wxmavoajq ob ODK
hmqjf `b cokovmx cmbzmkq+ bmvo`bmk kjeoqkmvo`b+ nzxoqwxzfjbaj+
mbf iaomk qvmvjcjbvq"
Uovd xjemxf v` Kmvob Mcjxoam+ vdj azxxjbv zwfmvj vdj qvzf b`u
a`cwxoqjq =6 a`zbvxojq> Mxejbvobm+ Hxm~ok+ Adokj+ A`k`chom+ Azhm+
Jk Qmkymf`x+ Ezmvjcmkm+ Cjtoa`+ Boamxmezm+ Wmbmcm+ Wmxmezm+
Wjxz+ Zxzezm mbf Yjbj~zjkm" Vdj zwfmvj `b A`k`chom+ Jk
Qmkymf`x+ Cjtoa`+ Boamxmezm+ Wjxz+ mbf `b vdj Nzxoqwxzfjbaj
` vdj Obvjx#Mcjxoamb A`zxv ` Dzcmb Xoedvq umq a`cwkjvjf
ob @av`hjx 87==" Vdj zwfmvj a`xxjqw`bfobe v` Ezmvjcmkm mbf
Azhm `x vdj 8774#87== wjxo`f uokk jbf ob Fjajchjx 87=="
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m qzccmx ` vdj wxmavoaj ` vdj Qvmvjq xjemxfobe c`qv ` vdj
ODK mqwjavq" Uovd vdj bju fmvmhmqj+ vdoq cmvjxomk oq b`u cmfj
mymokmhkj x`c m qobekj `bkobj q`zxaj mbf amb hj maajqqjf x`c
mbudjxj ob vdj u`xkf `x vdj xqv vocj jyjx" Vdj fmvmhmqj amb
hj a`bqzkvjf mv dvvw>uuu"oaxa"`xeazqv`cmx#odkjbef`aq
d`cj mbf uokk hj zwfmvjf b mb mbbzmk hmqoq"
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Wx`fzavo`b mbf Vxmbqjx ` Mbvo#Wjxq`bbjk Cobjq mbf `b vdjox
Fjqvxzavo`b+ Qjwvjchjx =4+ =??5 $@vvmum =??5/
A`byjbvo`b `b Akzqvjx Czbovo`bq+ Cm 17+ 8774 $Akzqvjx
Czbovo`bq 8774/
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Wxjqofjba+
Cjtoa`
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WMxVOAOWMVO@B @I VDJ MCJxOAMB QVMVJQ OB ODK VxJMVOJQ
==
OCWKJCJBVOBE ODK
A`byjbvo`b+ `b Nzbj 8=+ 87=7+ mbf vdj 8774 A`byjbvo`b `b
Akzqvjx Czbovo`bq b Fjajchjx 87+ 87=="
Jazmf`x qoebjf zw v` vdj 8774 A`byjbvo`b `b Akzqvjx
Czbovo`bq b Cm ==+ 87=7"
Jk Qmkymf`x qoebjf zw v` vdj 8774 A`byjbvo`b `b Akzqvjx
Czbovo`bq `b Nmbzmx =7+ 87=="
Exjbmfm hjamcj m wmxv v` vdj X`cj Qvmvzvj ` vdj
Obvjxbmvo`bmk Axocobmk A`zxv b Cm =?+ 87=="
Ezmvjcmkm qoebjf zw v` vdj 8774 A`byjbvo`b `b Akzqvjx
Czbovo`bq b B`yjchjx 1+ 87=7"
D`bfzxmq qoebjf zw v` vdj =?94 A`byjbvo`b `b vdj
B`b#Mwwkoamhokov ` Qvmvzv`x Kocovmvo`bq v` Umx Axocjq
mbf Axocjq memobqv Dzcmbov+ vdj =?59 A`byjbvo`b `b vdj
Wx`dohovo`b vdj Cokovmx x Mb D`qvokj Zqj Jbyox`bcjbvmkC`foamvo`b Vjadbo}zjq $JBC@F/+ mbf Wx`v`a`k Y 8771 b
Jtwk`qoyj Xjcbmbvq Umx+ b Mzezqv =9+ 87=7"
Boamxmezm qoebjf zw v` vdj 8774 A`byjbvo`b `b Akzqvjx
Czbovo`bq b B`yjchjx 8+ 877?"
Wmbmcm qoebjf zw v` Wx`v`a`k Y ` 8771 `b Jtwk`qoyj
Xjcbmbvq ` Umx+ mbf v` vdj 8774 A`byjbvo`b `b Akzqvjx
Czbovo`bq+ h`vd `b B`yjchjx 8?+ 87=7< mbf v` vdj
Obvjxbmvo`bmk A`byjbvo`b `x vdj Wx`vjavo`b ` Mkk Wjxq`bq
x`c Jb`xajf Foqmwwjmxmbaj+ `b Nzbj 86+ 87=="
Qmobv Kzaom hjamcj m wmxv v` vdj X`cj Qvmvzvj ` vdj
Obvjxbmvo`bmk Axocobmk A`zxv b Mzezqv =4+ 87=7"
Qmobv Yobajbv mbf vdj Exjbmfobjq qoebjf zw v` vdj 8774
A`byjbvo`b `b Akzqvjx Czbovo`bq `b @av`hjx 8?+ 87=7"
`b Fjajchjx 9+ 87=7 ov mkq` hjamcj m wmxv v` vdj =?47
A`byjbvo`b `b Wx`dohovo`bq `x Xjqvxoavo`bq `b vdj Zqj `
Ajxvmob A`byjbvo`bmk Ujmw`bq Udoad Cm Hj Fjjcjf v` Hj
Jtajqqoyjk Obnzxo`zq `x v` Dmyj Obfoqaxocobmvj Jjavq mbf
ovq Mffovo`bmk Wx`v`a`kq O+ OOO+ OY+ mbf OY< mbf v` vdj @wvo`bmk
Wx`v`a`k v` vdj A`byjbvo`b `b vdj Xoedvq ` vdj Adokf+ `bvdj Oby`kyjcjbv ` Adokfxjb ob Mxcjf A`boav+ `b Cmxad 8?+
87=="
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A" Cmob Xmvoamvo`bq fzxobe 87=7#87==
Vdj @MQ Cjchjx Qvmvjq dmyj wzxqzjf vdjox j`xvq v`umxf vdj
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mxj mh`zv v` xmvo mkk vdj vxjmvojq mbf dmyj jtwxjqqjf qzad
obvjbvo`b"
Vdj vxjmvojq `b ujmw`bq mbf `b ODK+ jqwjaomkk vdj c`qv xjajbv
`bjq kolj vdj 8774 A`byjbvo`b b Akzqvjx Czbovo`bq $xmvojf h =7
Cjchjx Qvmvjq fzxobe qmof wjxo`f/+ hzv mkq` vdj =?47 A`byjbvo`b
`b A`byjbvo`bmk Ujmw`bq+ mbf vdj Mffovo`bmk Wx`v`a`k Y ob
wmxvoazkmx+ dmyj hjjb xmvojf h mb obaxjmqobe bzchjx Qvmvjq"
Ov oq u`xvd v` w`obv `zv vdj qoeboambv a`bvxohzvo`b cmfj h vdj
Mcjxoamq v` vdj xmvoamvo`b vdj 8779 Obvjxbmvo`bmk A`byjbvo`b
`x vdj Wx`vjavo`b ` Mkk Wjxq`bq x`c Jb`xajf Foqmwwjmxmbaj
mf`wvjf ob Fjajchjx 87=7" Dmk vdj xqv vujbv Qvmvjq wmxvojq
v` vdoq a`byjbvo`b mxj Qvmvjq vdj djcoqwdjxj+ kolj dmk vd`qj
vdmv xja`ebo~jf vdj nzxoqfoavo`b ` vdj A`ccovvjj" Wmbmcm
xmvojf ov ob Nzbj 87== mbf `vdjx Qvmvjq uokk q``b `kk`u qzov" Ob
A`k`chom+ mwwx`ymk h A`bexjqq mbf h vdj A`bqvovzvo`bmk A`zxvoq zbfjx um mbf wjbfobe xmvoamvo`b"
Vdj jtvjbv ` xmvoamvo`b jbn`jf h vdj X`cj Qvmvzvj ` vdj
OAA oq yjx doed vdx`zed`zv vdj Mcjxoamq" Vu` c`xj Qvmvjq dmyj
xmvojf ov ob vdoq wjxo`f" Ov u`zkf hj a`byjbojbv vdmv vdj `vdjx
Qvmvjq vdmv dmyj b`v xmvojf ov jv f` q` mq q``b mq w`qqohkj"
Vdj xmvoamvo`b wx`ajqq xjcmobq mavoyj+ mq vdj Cjchjx Qvmvjq
mxj wjxcmbjbvk jtwxjqqobe vdjox obvjbv v` xmvo mkk ODK vxjmvojq+
udokj vdjox Bmvo`bmk A`ccovvjjq `b ODK mbmk~j vdj amqj kjq+
mbf vdjox kjeoqkmvoyj hxmbadjq ` w`ujx mxj azxxjbvk jtmcobobe
vdj xmvoamvo`b ODK vxjmvojq wjbfobe xmvoamvo`b"
Mbvoezm mbf Hmxhzfm qoebjf zw v` vdj A`byjbvo`b `b
Akzqvjx Czbovo`bq mbf vdj =?47 A`byjbvo`b `b Wx`dohovo`bq
`x Xjqvxoavo`bq `b vdj Zqj ` Ajxvmob A`byjbvo`bmk Ujmw`bq
Udoad Cm Hj Fjjcjf v` Hj Jtajqqoyjk Obnzxo`zq `x v` Dmyj
Obfoqaxocobmvj Jjavq mbf ovq Mffovo`bmk Wx`v`a`kq O+ OOO+ mbf OY+
`b Mzezqv 81+ 87=7"
Mxejbvobm qoebjf zw v` vdj Mffovo`bmk Wx`v`a`k OOO v` vdj
Ejbjym A`byjbvo`bq 877: b Cmxad =9+ 87=="
Adokj qoebjf zw v` vdj 8774 A`byjbvo`b b Akzqvjx Czbovo`bq
`b B`yjchjx =9+ 87=7"
@b B`yjchjx 86+ 87=7 A`k`chom qoebjf zw v` vdj Qja`bf
Wx`v`a`k Vdj Dmezj A`byjbvo`b =?:6 `x vdj Wx`vjavo`b
Azkvzxmk Wx`wjxv ob Vocjq Mxcjf A`boav Cmxad 89+ =???"
Vdj mwwx`ymk h A`bexjqq mbf h vdj A`bqvovzvo`bmk A`zxv oq
zbfjx um mbf wjbfobe xmvoamvo`b"
A`qvm Xoam qoebjf zw v` vdj 8774 A`byjbvo`b `b Akzqvjx
Czbovo`bq `b Mwxok 84+ 87=="
F`coboamb Xjwzhkoa qoebjf zw v` vdj =?47 A`byjbvo`b `b
Wx`dohovo`bq x Xjqvxoavo`bq b vdj Zqj Ajxvmob A`byjbvo`bmk
Ujmw`bq Udoad Cm Hj Fjjcjf v` Hj Jtajqqoyjk Obnzxo`zq x
v` Dmyj Obfoqaxocobmvj Jjavq mbf ovq Mffovo`bmk Wx`v`a`kq O+ OO+
OOO+ mbf OY+ mq ujkk mq v` vdj 877= Mcjbfcjbv v` Mxvoakj O qmof
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WMxV O
=8
OCWKJCJBVOBE ODK
Qvmvzq ` Wmvoaowmvo`b ` Mcjoamb Qvmvjq
A`zbv
W`vjavo`b ` Yoavocq ` Mcjf A`bioavq $./
EA O#OY =?6? MW O =?55 MW O # AODJ MW OO =?55 MW OOO 877: @W AMA 8777 FI @BZ 8779
= Mbvoezm mbf Hmxhzfm 79/=7/=?49 79/=7/=?49 79/=7/=?49
8 Mxejbvobm =4/7?/=?:9 89/==/=?49 ==/=7/=??9 89/==/=?49 =9/71/87== =7/7?/8778 =6/=8/8775
1 Hmdmcmq ==/75/=?5: =7/76/=?47 =7/76/=?47
6 Hmxhmf`q =7/7?/=?94 =?/78/=??7 =?/78/=??7
: Hjkoaj 8?/79/=?46 8?/79/=?46 8?/79/=?46 71/76/8775 7=/=8/8771
9 H`koyom =7/=8/=?59 74/=8/=?41 =7/74/=??8 74/=8/=?41 88/=8/8776 =5/=8/8774
5 Hxm~ok 8?/79/=?:5 7:/7:/=??8 81/==/=??1 7:/7:/=??8 84/74/877? 85/7=/8776
4 Ambmfm =6/7:/=?9: 87/==/=??7 87/==/=??7 87/==/=??7 89/==/8775 75/75/8777
? Adokj =8/=7/=?:7 86/76/=??= 86/76/=??= 86/76/=??= 79/75/877? 1=/75/8771 74/=8/877?
=7 A`k`chom 74/==/=?9= 7=/7?/=??1 =5/76/=??9 =6/74/=??: 8:/7:/877:
== A`qvm Xoam =:/=7/=?9? =:/=8/=?41 7?/=8/=??? =:/=8/=?41 17/79/8774 86/7=/8771
=8 Azhm =:/76/=?:6 8:/==/=?48 81/79/=??? 78/7?/8775 78/78/877?
=1 F`coboam 84/7?/=?4= 8:/76/=??9 8:/76/=??9 87/7?/8778
=6 F`coboamb Xjwzhkoa 88/7=/=?:4 89/7:/=??6 89/7:/=??6 7=/76/877?
=: Jazmf`x ==/74/=?:6 =7/76/=?5? =7/76/=?5? 75/79/8776 87/=7/877?
=9 Jk Qmkymf`x =5/79/=?:1 81/==/=?54 81/==/=?54 =8/7?/8775 =4/76/8778
=5 Exjbmfm =1/76/=?4= 81/7?/=??4 81/7?/=??4
=4 Ezmvjcmkm =6/7:/=?:8 =?/=7/=?45 =?/=7/=?45 =6/71/8774 7?/7:/8778
=? Ezmbm 88/75/=?94 =4/7=/=?44 =4/7=/=?44 8=/7?/877?
87 Dmovo ==/76/=?:5 87/=8/8779 87/=8/8779
8= D`bfzxmq 1=/=8/=?9: =9/78/=??: =9/78/=??: 74/=8/8779 =6/74/8778 7=/76/8774
88 Nmcmoam 87/75/=?96 8?/75/=?49 8?/75/=?49 7?/7:/8778
81 Cjtoa` 8?/=7/=?:8 =7/71/=?41 75/75/8774 =:/71/8778 =4/71/8774
86 Boamxmezm =5/=8/=?:1 =?/75/=??? =?/75/=??? 78/76/877? =5/71/877:
8: Wmbmcm =7/78/=?:9 =4/7?/=??: 89/=7/=??? =4/7?/=??: 74/74/877=
89 Wmxmezm 81/=7/=?9= 17/==/=??7 17/7=/=??4 17/==/=??7 =1/=7/8774 85/7?/8778
85 Wjxz =:/78/=?:9 =6/75/=?4? =6/75/=?4? 74/7:/8778
84 Qmobv Lovvq mbf Bjyoq =6/78/=?49 =6/78/=?49 =6/78/=?49
8? Qmobv Kzaom =4/7?/=?4= 75/=7/=?48 75/=7/=?48
17 Qmobv Yobajbv mbf Vdj Exjbmfobjq 7=/76/=?4= 74/76/=?41 74/76/=?41 8?/71/87==
1= Qzxobmcj =1/=7/=?59 =9/=8/=?4: =9/=8/=?4:
18 Vxobofmf mbf V hme` 86/7?/=?91 87/75/877= 87/75/877= 87/75/877=
11 Zbovjf Qvmvjq i Mcjxoam 78/74/=?:: 74/71/8775 81/=8/8778
16 Zxzezm 7:/71/=?9? =1/=8/=?4: =5/75/=??7 =1/=8/=?4: 7?/7?/8771 76/71/877?
1: Yjbj~zjkm =1/78/=?:9 81/75/=??4 81/75/=??4 81/7?/8771
V`vmk xJEO@B 1: 16 == 11 =: 86 4
ZBOYJxQMK =?6 =9? 5= =9: := =8? =4
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8/2/2019 Implementing IHL: participation of the American States in IHL treaties and their national implementation - report 20
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WMxVOAOWMVO@B @I VDJ MCJxOAMB QVMVJQ OB ODK VxJMVOJQ
=1
OCWKJCJBVOBE ODK
b Vjmvojq vdmv mj ` xjkjymbaj ` ODK $mq ` =?#B`y#87==/
Obvjbmvo`bmk Aocobmk Kmu $./ W`vjavo b Azkvzmk W`wjv ob vdj Jyjbv Mcjf A`bioav $./ Jbyo`bcjbv $./
AQK =?94 OAA =??4 DAAW =?:6 DAAW WO =?:6 DAAW WOO =??? JBC@F =?59
=4/79/877= 8:/=7/=?44
89/74/8771 74/78/877= 88/71/=?4? =7/7:/8775 75/7=/8778 87/71/=?45
=7/=8/8778 7?/76/8778 78/=7/8774 78/=7/8774
7:/76/8777
79/=7/=?41 85/79/8778 =5/==/8776
87/79/8778 =8/7?/=?:4 =8/7?/=?:4 81/7?/8776 =8/=7/=?46
75/75/8777 ==/=8/=??4 8?/==/877: 8?/==/877: ==/79/=?4=
8?/79/877? ==/7?/8774 ==/7?/8774 ==/7?/8774 89/76/=??6
7:/74/8778 =4/79/=??4 =4/79/=??4 86/==/87=7
85/76/877? 75/79/877= 71/79/=??4 71/79/=??4 7?/=8/8771 75/78/=??9
=1/7?/=?58 89/==/=?:5 89/==/=?:5 =7/76/=?54
=8/78/877= 7?/==/=??8
=8/7:/877: 7:/7=/=?97 8=/71/8778 71/71/877?
7:/78/8778 78/=7/=?:9 74/78/=?9= 78/74/8776
=?/75/877= 85/71/8778 85/71/8778
=?/7:/87==
78/=7/=?4: =?/7:/=??6 76/78/877: 8=/71/=?44
86/7?/8776
7=/75/8778 8:/=7/8778 8:/=7/8778 89/7=/8771 =9/74/87=7
=:/71/8778 84/=7/877: 75/7:/=?:9 75/7:/=?:9 75/=7/8771
71/7?/=?49 8:/==/=?:? 8:/==/=?:? 7=/79/877= 79/7?/8775
8=/79/8775 8=/71/8778 =5/75/=?98 74/71/877= 74/71/877= =1/7:/8771
81/7?/8774 =6/7:/877= 7?/==/8776 7?/==/8776 7?/==/8776
==/74/8771 =7/==/877= 8=/75/=?4? 8=/75/=?4? 86/7:/877:
88/74/8779
=4/74/87=7 85/7:/=??1
7?/==/=?4= 71/=8/8778 85/76/=???
=:/75/8774
79/76/=???
=1/71/877? =5/7=/=?47
8=/7?/877= 84/79/8778 86/7?/=??? 86/7?/=??? 71/7=/8775 =9/7?/=??1
75/79/8777 7?/7:/877:== 85 88 =? =4 =9
:1 ==7 =81 =77 :9 51
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14/54
WMxV O
=6
OCWKJCJBVOBE ODK
Qvmvzq ` Wmvoaowmvo`b ` Mcjoamb Qvmvjq
A`zbvEW =?8: HUA =?58
AAU =?47 aaa
AAU =?47 AAU WO =?47 AAU WOO =?47 AAU WOOO =?47
= Mbvoezm mbf Hmxhzfm 85/76/=?4? 8?/7=/8771 81/74/87=7 81/74/87=7 81/74/87=7
8 Mxejbvobm =8/7:/=?9? 7:/=8/=?5? 78/=7/=??: 78/=7/=??: 78/=7/=??: 78/=7/=??:
1 Hmdmcmq 89/==/=?49
6 Hmxhmf`q =9/75/=?59 =9/78/=?51
: Hjkoaj 87/=7/=?49
9 H`koyom =1/74/=?4: 17/=7/=?5: 8=/7?/877= 8=/7?/877= 8=/7?/877= 8=/7?/877=
5 Hxm~ok 84/74/=?57 85/78/=?51 71/=7/=??: 71/=7/=??: 71/=7/=??: 71/=7/=??:
4 Ambmfm 79/7:/=?17 =4/7?/=?58 86/79/=??6 86/79/=??6 86/79/=??6 86/79/=??6
? Adokj 78/75/=?1: 88/76/=?47 =:/=7/8771 =:/=7/8771 =:/=7/8771
=7 A`k`chom =?/=8/=?41 79/71/8777 79/71/8777 79/71/8777 79/71/8777
== A`qvm Xoam =5/71/877? =5/=8/=?51 =5/=8/=??4 =5/=8/=??4 =5/=8/=??4 =5/=8/=??4
=8 Azhm 86/79/=?99 8=/76/=?59 78/71/=?45 78/71/=?45 78/71/=?45 78/71/=?45
=1 F`coboam 74/==/=?54
=6 F`coboamb Xjwzhkoa 74/=8/=?57 81/78/=?51 8=/79/87=7 8=/79/87=7 8=/79/87=7 8=/79/87=7
=: Jazmf`x =9/7?/=?57 =8/71/=?5: 76/7:/=?48 76/7:/=?48 76/7:/=?48 76/7:/=?48
=9 Jk Qmkymf`x 1=/=8/=??= 89/7=/8777 89/7=/8777 89/7=/8777 89/7=/8777
=5 Exmbmfm 71/7=/=?4? 88/=7/=?49
=4 Ezmvjcmkm 71/7:/=?41 =?/7?/=?51 8=/75/=?41 8=/75/=?41 8=/75/=?41 8=/75/=?41
=? Ezmbm
87 Dmovo
8= D`bfzxmq =6/71/=?5? 17/=7/8771 17/=7/8771 17/=7/8771 17/=7/8771
88 Nmcmoam 84/75/=?57 =1/74/=?5: 8:/7?/8774 8:/7?/8774 8:/7?/8774
81 Cjtoa` 84/7:/=?18 74/76/=?56 ==/78/=?48 ==/78/=?48 ==/78/=?48 ==/78/=?48
86 Boamxmezm 7:/=7/=??7 75/74/=?5: 7:/=8/8777 7:/=8/8777 7:/=8/8777
8: Wmbmc 76/=8/=?57 87/71/=?56 89/71/=??5 89/71/=??5 89/71/=??5 89/71/=??5
89 Wmxmezm 88/=7/=?11 7?/79/=?59 88/7?/8776 88/7?/8776 88/7?/8776 88/7?/8776
85 Wjxz =1/74/=?4: 7:/79/=?4: 71/75/=??5 71/75/=??5 71/75/=??5
84 Qmobv Lovvq mbf Bjyoq 85/76/=?4? 78/76/=??=
8? Qmobv Kzaom 8=/=8/=?44 89/==/=?49
17 Qmobv Yobajbv mbf Vdj Exjbmfobjq 86/71/=??? =1/7:/=??? 79/=8/87=7 79/=8/87=7 79/=8/87=7
1= Qzxobmcj 79/7=/=??1
18 Vxobofmf mbf V hme` 1=/74/=?98 =?/75/8775
11 Zbovjf Qvmvjq i Mcjxoam =7/76/=?5: 89/71/=?5: 86/71/=??: 86/71/=??: 86/71/=??: 8=/7=/877?
16 Zxzezm =8/76/=?55 79/76/=?4= 79/=7/=??6 79/=7/=??6 79/=7/=??6 79/=7/=??6
1: Yjbj~zjkm 74/78/=?84 =4/=7/=?54 =?/76/877: =?/76/877: =?/76/877: =?/76/877:
V`vmk xJEO@B 89 11 86 86 =4 86
ZBOYJxQMK =19 =91 === =7? ?1 =7:
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8/2/2019 Implementing IHL: participation of the American States in IHL treaties and their national implementation - report 20
15/54
WMxVOAOWMVO@B @I VDJ MCJxOAMB QVMVJQ OB ODK VxJMVOJQ
=:
OCWKJCJBVOBE ODK
b Vjmvojq vdmv mj ` xjkjymbaj ` ODK $mq ` =?#B`y#87==/
Ujmw`bq $./
AAU m 877= AUA =??1 @vvmum Vjmv =??5Akzqvj
Czbovo`bq 8774U WOY =??: AAU WOO m =??9 AAU WY 8771
81/74/87=7 8?/74/877: 71/7:/=??? 81/74/87=7
8=/=7/=??4 8=/=7/=??4 8:/78/8776 78/=7/=??: =6/7?/=???
8=/76/877? 1=/75/=??4
71/75/8775 89/7=/=???
7=/=8/8771 81/76/=??4
8=/7?/877= 8=/7?/877= =6/74/=??4 7?/79/=??4
76/=7/=??? 76/=7/=??? =1/71/=??9 17/76/=???
7:/7=/=??4 7:/7=/=??4 =?/7:/877? 88/75/8778 89/7?/=??: 71/=8/=??5
=:/=7/8771 =:/=7/8771 =4/74/877? 85/7?/8775 =8/75/=??9 =7/7?/877= =9/=8/87=7
79/71/8777 79/71/8777 87/7:/877? 7:/76/8777 79/7?/8777
=5/=8/=??4 =5/=8/=??4 85/76/877? 71/79/877? 1=/7:/=??9 =5/71/=??? 84/76/87==
=5/=7/8775 8?/76/=??5
=8/78/877= 89/71/=???
8=/79/87=7 8=/79/87=7 8=/79/87=7 85/71/877? 17/79/8777 87/=8/87==
=9/=8/8771 =6/74/8777 =7/71/877? =7/71/877? 79/7?/=??: 8?/76/=??? ==/7:/87=7
89/7=/8777 89/7=/8777 81/71/8779 =1/7?/8775 17/=7/=??: 85/7=/=??? =7/7=/87==
71/79/877: =?/74/=??4
17/74/8778 8?/=7/877= 84/78/8774 =1/78/877? =8/78/8771 89/71/=??? 71/==/87=7
=8/7?/=??5 7:/74/8771
88/78/8779 =:/78/8779
17/=7/8771 17/=7/8771 =9/74/87=7 8?/74/877: 86/7?/=??4
8:/7?/8774 8:/7?/8774 8:/7?/8774 8:/7?/8774 74/7?/8777 =5/75/=??4
=7/71/=??4 88/7:/8771 8?/74/=??6 7?/79/=??4 79/7:/877?
7:/=8/8777 7:/=8/8777 =:/7?/877: 79/7?/8775 7:/=7/=??? 17/==/=??4 78/==/877?
89/71/=??5 71/=7/=??? 8?/==/87=7 =9/74/8776 75/=7/=??4 75/=7/=??4 8?/==/87=7
71/=8/8774 88/7?/8776 71/=8/8774 71/=8/8774 7=/=8/=??6 =1/==/=??4
71/75/=??5 71/75/=??5 8?/7:/877? =6/78/877: 87/75/=??: =5/79/=??4
8=/7:/8776 78/=8/=??4
7?/76/=??5 =1/76/=???
79/=8/87=7 79/=8/87=7 79/=8/87=7 =4/7?/8778 7=/74/877= 8?/=7/87=7
84/76/=??5 81/7:/8778
86/79/=??5 85/76/=??4 8=/7?/87==
8=/7=/877? 86/7:/=??? 8=/7=/877? 8=/7=/877? 8:/76/=??5
=4/74/=??4 =4/74/=??4 75/74/8775 75/74/8775 79/=7/=??6 75/79/877= 86/7?/877?
=?/76/877: 71/=8/=??5 =6/76/=???
88 8= =: =4 1: 11 =1
?: ?1 98 58 =44 =:9 94
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8/2/2019 Implementing IHL: participation of the American States in IHL treaties and their national implementation - report 20
16/54
WMXV OO
-
8/2/2019 Implementing IHL: participation of the American States in IHL treaties and their national implementation - report 20
17/54
=5
H" Kjeoqkmvoyj+ Xjezkmv`x+ Wxmavoamk+ mbf WzhkoaW`koa Cjmqzxjq
=" Wjbmk Xjwxjqqo`b
Mf`wvjf Xzkj
A`k`chom"
Cokovmx Axocobmk A`fj $CAA/ Kmu =675 87=7" Wzhkoqdjf
ob vdj Fomxo` @aomk$@iaomk Em~jvvj/ `b Mzezqv =5+ 87=7"
Mxvoakj 1 ` vdj CAA jtakzfjq qjyjxmk vwjq ` `jbajq
x`c vdj cokovmx axocobmk nzxoqfoavo`b> v`xvzxj+ ejb`aofj+
jb`xajf foqmwwjmxmbaj+ axocjq memobqv dzcmbov+ `x vd`qj
axocjq memobqv ODK mq qjv `xvd h obvjxbmvo`bmk a`byjbvo`bq
mbf vxjmvojq xmvojf h A`k`chom" Vdjxj`xj+ qobaj vdj jbvx
obv` `xaj ` vdj CAA Kmu =675 ` 87=7+ qzad `jbajq
cm `bk hj obyjqvoemvjf mbf vxojf h vdj wx`qjazv`xq mbf
nzfejq ` `xoeobmk nzxoqfoavo`b hjk`beobe v` vdj Nzfoaomk
Hxmbad ` vdj Wzhkoa W`ujx $wx`qjazv`xq mbf aoyok nzfejq/+
hmqjf `b vdj qzhqvmbvoyj xzkjq ` vdj Axocobmk A`fj Kmu
:?? ` 8777 mbf ` vdj A`fj ` Axocobmk Wx`ajfzxj Kmu?79 8776"
Kmu =686 87=7 x kmu vxmbqovo`bmk nzqvoaj" Mq wx`yofjf `x h
Kmu =686 87=7+ fjc`hoko~jf wjxq`bq x`c xembo~jf mxcjf
ex`zwq $@MEq/ cm qoeb mexjjcjbvq uovd vdj e`yjxbcjbv v`
a`bvxohzvj v` vdj doqv`xoamk vxzvd mbf xjfxjqq+ q` vdmv vdj cm
xjcmob xjj mbf wzxqzj vdjox xjobvjexmvo b obv` q`aojv"
Foxjavoyj 7=9 ` 87=7 h vdj Mvv`xbj Ejbjxmk `b d`coaofjq
memobqv wjxq`bq wx`vjavjf h ODK ` @av`hjx =6+ 87=7"
Mocjf mv mvv`xbjq mv kmu mbf kmu jb`xajcjbv mejbvq+ vdj
Mvv`xbj Ejbjxmk oqqzjq foxjavoyjq x ezofjkobjq q` vdmv doqdjx
qzh`xfobmvjq cm mffxjqq vdj mbmkqoq ` mb d`coaofj `
wjxq`bq wx`vjavjf h ODK mq wjx Mxvoakj =1: ` vdj Axocobmk
A`fj Kmu :?? ` 8777+ ob vdj jyjbv ` mb obvjxyjbvo`b
h vdj @iaj ` vdj Mvv`xbj Ejbjxmk ob obyjqvoemvo`bq mbf
axocobmk wx`ajjfobeq x vxomkq b maa`zbv qmof jbaj"
CJMQZXJQ I@X VDJ
OBVJXBMVO@BMK OCWKJCJBVMVO@B
@I ODK OB VDJ MCJXOAMQ
M" A`cwkjcjbvmx Mavo`bq h vdj Qvmvjq
Vdj wx`cwv mf`wvo`b ` ajxvmob cjmqzxjq oq xj}zoxjf v` jb`xaj
vdj wx`yoqo`bq ` ODK vxjmvojq q` vdmv vdj amb hj ocwkjcjbvjf
h vdj wmxvojq v` mxcjf a`boavq" Mkvd`zed c`qv vxjmvojq amb hj
ocwkjcjbvjf foxjavk+ ov oq mkumq axzaomk vdmv vdjox wx`yoqo`bq hj
b`v bk lb`ub hzv jb`xajf mv m bmvo`bmk kjyjk mq q``b mq w`qqohkj+
udoad oq b`v mkumq vdj amqj" C`xj`yjx+ bzcjx`zq xjezkmvo`bq
xj}zoxj q`cj q`xv ` qzwwkjcjbvmx mavo`b h vdj Qvmvjq `x vdj
kmu v` hj jjavoyjk jb`xajf ob wxmavoaj `baj mxcjf a`boav dmq
zbkjmqdjf"
Vdj Bmvo`bmk A`ccovvjjq `b ODK dmyj m lj x`kj v` wkm ob
a`bvxohzvobe v` vdj zkkkcjbv ` vdoq vmql" Izxvdjxc`xj+ vdj OAXA
oq uokkobe v` a`bvobzj a``wjxmvobe v`umxf vdj madojyjcjbv qzad
e`mk"
Vdj cjmqzxjq vdmv Qvmvjq dmyj a`ccovvjf v` mf`wv ymx ob
bmvzxj+ xmbeobe x`c kjeoqkmvoyj mbf xjezkmv`x mfnzqvcjbvq v`
mfcoboqvxmvoyj+ wxmavoamk mbf jfzamvo`bmk cjmqzxjq"
Kocm A`bjxjbaj
LmxjkBmymxx`/OAXA
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8/2/2019 Implementing IHL: participation of the American States in IHL treaties and their national implementation - report 20
18/54
WMxV OO
=4
OCWKJCJBVOBE ODK
Ezmvjcmkm" Vdj Axocobmk A`fj xj`xc oq qvokk wjbfobe
mwwx`ymk" D`ujyjx+ `b Qjwvjchjx 9 87=7 vdj Ezmvjcmkmb
A`ccovvjj `x vdj Ocwkjcjbvmvo`b ` ODK $A@EZMFOD+ mq wjx
ovq Qwmboqd max`bc/ qzhcovvjf m hokk hj`xj vdj cmeoqvxmvjq
` vdj Axocobmk A`zxv ` vdj Nzfoaomx wx`yofobe `x ovq foxjav
obakzqo`b obv` vdj azxxjbv Axocobmk A`fj mq m admwvjx `b umx
axocjq"
D`bfzxmq" Vdj D`bfzxmb A`ccovvjj `b ODK $AD#FOD+ mq wjx
ovq Qwmboqd max`bc/ obvjbfq v` wx`w`qj v` vdj Qzwxjcj A`zxv
vdj obakzqo`b ` m qwjaomk kmu `b umx axocjq ob vdj Axocobmk
A`fj vdmv wx`yofjq `x vdj hkoemvo`bq qjv `xvd h vdj Ejbjym
A`byjbvo`bq+ Mffovo`bmk Wx`v`a`k O mbf vdj X`cj Qvmvzvj"
Cjtoa " Mq wmxv ` ovq u`xl+ vdj Cjtoamb Obvjxqjaxjvmxomk
A`ccovvjj b ODK $AOFOD#Cjtoa`+ mq wjx ovq Qwmboqd max`bc/ oq
bmko~obe mb obovomvoyj v` mcjbf vdj jfjxmk axocobmk kjeoqkmvo`b
vdmv obakzfjq vdj akmqqoamvo`b umx axocjq mq qjv `xvd h vdj
Ejbjym A`byjbvo`bq+ Mffovo`bmk Wx`v`a k O+ vdj X`cj Qvmvzvj+mbf vdjx xjkmvjf obqvxzcjbvq+ uovd vdj wzxw`qj qzhcovvobe
ov `x wmxkomcjbvmx foqazqqo`b"
Wmxmezm" M hokk wx`yofobe `x vdj ocwkjcjbvmvo`b ` vdj
X`cj Qvmvzvj a`bfjcbobe umx axocjq mq qjv `xvd ob qmof
vxjmv+ mk`be uovd vd`qj ob vdj =?6? Ejbjym A`byjbvo`bq mbf
vdj Mffovo`bmk Wx`v`a`k O ` =?55 oq azxxjbvk zbfjx xjyoju mv
fojxjbv e`yjxbcjbv kjyjkq"
Qzxobmcj" I`kk`uobe vdj xmvoamvo`b ` vdj X`cj Qvmvzvj `b
vdj OAA ob Cm 8774+ m qjxojq ` mcjbfcjbvq v` vdj Axocobmk
A`fj mxj zbfjx um v` ocwkjcjbv vdj wx`yoqo`bq vdj Ejbjym
A`byjbvo`bq+ vdjox vdxjj Mffovo`bmk Wx`v`a`kq+ mbf vdj X`cj
Qvmvzvj" B` wx`exjqq dmq hjjb cmfj fzxobe vdj wjxo`f"
8" Coqqobe Wjxq`bq
Mf`wvjf Xzkjq
Mxejbvobm" Vdj Mxejbvobj Axocobmk A`fj dmq akmqqojf
jb`xajf foqmwwjmxmbaj mq mb jbaj"
A`k`chom" Kmu =674 87=7wmq d`cmej v` yoavocq jb`xajf
foqmwwjmxmbaj mbf wx`yofjq `x vdjox qjmxad mbf ofjbvoamvo`b"
Vdj fjaxjjq xjezkmvobe qmof kmu oqmxj qvokk wjbfobe mwwx`ymk$7?"8="87==/+ q` vdmv q`cj wx`yoqo`bq mxj b`v jv jb`xajf"
Kmu =6=4 87=7+wx`yofobe `x vdj mwwx`ymk vdj Obvjxbmvo`bmk
A`byjbvo`b `x vdj Wx`vjavo`b ` Mkk Wjxq`bq x`c Jb`xajf
Foqmwwjmxmbaj+ mf`wvjf ob Bju _`xl b Fjajchjx 87+ 8779"Vdj
xmvoamvo`b f`azcjbv f`jq b`v jv mwwjmx ob vdj fmvmhmqj
`b ZB vxjmvojq" A`k`chom qoebjf zw v` vdj A`byjbvo`b `b
Qjwvjchjx 85+ 8775"
Foxjavoyj 775 ` Ijhxzmx ==+ 87==+ udjxjh vdj Foxjav`x
Ejbjxmk ` vdj Bmvo`bmk W`koaj oqqzjq ezofjkobjq uovdob vdj
xmcju`xl vdj ocwkjcjbvmvo`b vdj Bmvo`bmk Qjmxad Wkmb
`x Coqqobe Wjxq`bq $8775/+ wzxqzmbv v` vdj kjemk cjadmboqcq
mbf vdj a`ccovcjbvq zbfjxvmljb h vdj Bmvo`bmk W`koaj"
Foxjavoyj 779 Cm =5+ 87== oqqzjf h vdj Mvv`xbj Ejbjxmk+
udoad jxq ezofjkobjq b vdj edv memobqv ocwzbov ob amqjq
` qjtzmk yo`kjbaj uovdob vdj xmcju`xl ` vdj A`k`chomb
mxcjf a`boav+ jqwjaomkk memobqv u`cjb+ mbf v` ezmxmbvjj
vdjox foebov" Vdj Mvv`xbj Ejbjxmk xjjxq v` `jbajq memobqv
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8/2/2019 Implementing IHL: participation of the American States in IHL treaties and their national implementation - report 20
27/54
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