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FuncHy Workshop November 18, 2008, Bernard Dam
Hydrogen Research in the Netherlands
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FuncHy Workshop November 18, 2008, Bernard Dam
Fuel cell research, major playersFuel cell research, major players
•
After a big SOFC project (financed by the ministry of economic affairs till early 2000’s) the fuel cell research focuses mainly on the development of fuel cells for specific applications
•
Major players now–
ECN (Energy centre Netherlands)
strong effort on the
development of PEM and SOFC based fuel cells
–
Technical
universities
of Twente, Delft, Eindhoven
–
Akzo spin-off fuel
cell
company: Nedstack
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FuncHy Workshop November 18, 2008, Bernard Dam
FuelFuel
cellcell
actorsactors
in NLin NL
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FuncHy Workshop November 18, 2008, Bernard Dam
Dutch gas Dutch gas infrainfra--structurestructure
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FuncHy Workshop November 18, 2008, Bernard Dam
Energy Center Energy Center NetherlandsNetherlands
Mission: ECN develops knowledge and technology for sustainable energy applicationsand brings them to market.
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FuncHy Workshop November 18, 2008, Bernard Dam
Dutch Dutch ScienceScience
policypolicy
onon
fuelfuel
cellscells
•
Fuel
cells
are seen
as a technological
rather
than
a scientific
challenge
–
Presently, no
government
funding
for
basic science focussed
on
problems
related
to fuel
cells.
•
Development
projects
together
with
industry
are funded. These involve
ECN and small
companies
such
as Nedstack
•
Estimated
H2
and fuel
cell
funding
14 Meuro
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FuncHy Workshop November 18, 2008, Bernard Dam
Fuel cell research, major playersFuel cell research, major players
•
U Twente
has a history on high temperature (>600 oC) oxygen conducting electrolytes, but these seem to be too vulnarable
for mobile applications. They now focus on:
–
Micromachined
solid acid fuel cells (small!)•
explore the potential for utilizing solid acids as electrolyte in an innovative design of a fuel cell operating in an intermediate temperature range (150-250°C).
•
TU Delft: focuses on moderate temperature (200 oC) solid acid proton electrolytes (CsHSO4
) and tries to identify the ionic transport mechanism using Neutron techniques.
•
Together
with
ECN both
universities
are involved
in projects
developping
SOFC’s
fuel
cells
running on
natural
gas
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FuncHy Workshop November 18, 2008, Bernard Dam
PEM consortium ECN, PEM consortium ECN, TUeTUe, , NedstackNedstack: Electrodes, : Electrodes, HTHT--
electrolytes and PEMFC degradation phenomenaelectrolytes and PEMFC degradation phenomena
Electrode optimization in PEM
High-T electrolytes using polymer intrinsic protonic
conductors PPO-P3O
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www.formulazero.nlwww.formulazero.nl
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HyTruckHyTruck, , firstfirst
EuropeanEuropean
FC TruckFC Truck
7.5 ton 7.5 ton lightlight--trucktruck Range 350Range 350--400 km400 km 16 kW 16 kW NedstackNedstack
FC systemFC system
5.8 kg 350 bar H5.8 kg 350 bar H22
tanktank LiLi--ionion
batteriesbatteries
Direct drive Direct drive
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50 kW PEM 50 kW PEM fuelfuel
cellcell
power plant power plant onon
waste waste hydrogenhydrogen
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70 70 kWekWe
PEMFC PEMFC canalcanal
boatboat, end 2008 , end 2008 operationaloperational!!
Consortium: Consortium: AlewijnseAlewijnse, , IntegralIntegral, Linde Gas, Marine , Linde Gas, Marine services services NorthNorth, Lovers. , Lovers. CapacityCapacity
100 100 passengerspassengers
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FuncHy Workshop November 18, 2008, Bernard Dam
Hydrogen research: ACTS Sustainable HydrogenHydrogen research: ACTS Sustainable Hydrogen ((Advanced Chemical Technologies for Sustainability)Advanced Chemical Technologies for Sustainability)
•
Public Private Partnership–
Minestry
of Economic Affairs
–
Ministry of Housing, Spatial Planning and Environment–
Dutch Science Foundation
–
Industrial partners•
Biomass Technology Group (BTG)
•
Energy Centrum the Netherlands (ECN)•
Gasunie
(Dutch Natural Gas Company)
•
NUON (one of the big electricity companies)•
Shell
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FuncHy Workshop November 18, 2008, Bernard Dam
Hydrogen research: ACTS Sustainable HydrogenHydrogen research: ACTS Sustainable Hydrogen ((Advanced Chemical Technologies for Advanced Chemical Technologies for SustainabilitiesSustainabilities))
•
Budget 18.2 M€
•
Duration 2002-2010
•
Aim: Develop knowledge and technology to enable the transition to a hydrogen society.–
Encouraging
collaboration
between
different universities
and
disciplines
•
Scope:–
Production, Separation, Storage, Transport and Conversion of Hydrogen
–
Societal, Social, Psychological, Economic and governance aspects
of introducing hydrogen in our energy system
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FuncHy Workshop November 18, 2008, Bernard Dam
Goals?Goals?
•
Overcome
the major obstacles
for
the introduction
of the hydrogen
economy
•
Develop
the technology
for
the implementation
of the hydrogen
economy
•
Improve
the Dutch patent position
on
hydrogen technology
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FuncHy Workshop November 18, 2008, Bernard Dam
ACTS Sustainable Hydrogen: ActivitiesACTS Sustainable Hydrogen: Activities
•
Bi-annual meetings including all aspects of the program and with representatives of the inductrial
partners
•
Topical cluster meetings
•
Annual Educational workshop including IP and ‘business creativity’
issues
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FuncHy Workshop November 18, 2008, Bernard Dam
ACTS Sustainable Hydrogen: Phase IIACTS Sustainable Hydrogen: Phase II Structural analysisStructural analysis
•
RU Nijmegen (Kentgens/Van Bentum): –
In-situ NMR analysis of hydrogen storage materials
•
Focuses
on
local
structure, kinetics
and activation
of light-weight
storage
materials
(alanates
mainly)
•
TU Delft (H. Zandbergen)–
Realisation
and application of in-situ HRTEM of hydrogen
storage materials at 8 bar hydrogen pressure and 200°C.
•
TU Delft (Mulder)–
Hydrogen storage in catalysed
and destabilized light metal
hydrides (Neutron studies)
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FuncHy Workshop November 18, 2008, Bernard Dam
ACTS Sustainable Hydrogen: Phase IIACTS Sustainable Hydrogen: Phase II TheoryTheory
•
U Twente
and RU Nijmegen (De Wijs, Brocks et al)–
Atomistic modelling
of advanced hydrogen storage materials
–
Both Mg-based
and light-weight
materials
•
U Leiden and Utrecht (GJ Kroes, de Jongh
et al)–
Hydrogen uptake in nanostructured
sodium alanate: the role
of alanate
particle size and of the interaction with carbon.
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Like Ti, Sc (Zr) prefers to exchange with a Na atom, pushing out Na (mass transport!) but Pd (Pt) (bad catalyst) prefers to go interstitial.
Major conclusion TMMajor conclusion TM--atoms on (001) NaAlHatoms on (001) NaAlH44 (GJ (GJ KroesKroes, Leiden). , Leiden).
Sc@Na_2AlH4 : -1.97 eV Sc@inter_surface: -1.03 eV
Pd@Na_2AlH4 : -1.47 eV Pd@inter12_nosym: -2.19 eV.
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FuncHy Workshop November 18, 2008, Bernard Dam
ACTS Sustainable Hydrogen: Phase IIACTS Sustainable Hydrogen: Phase II NanoNano--structuresstructures
•
U Utrecht (de Jongh, Kroes, Dam)–
Nanostructured
hydrogen storage materials with high H2
equilibrium pressures and fast kinetics•
Both Mg-
and alanate
based
•
Addresses
nano-structures
in both
thin
films and bulk
•
TU Delft (Peters)–
Promoted hydrogen storage in nanoporous
clathrate
hydrate
materials with enhanced storage capacity•
Combined
experimental
and theoretical
study
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FuncHy Workshop November 18, 2008, Bernard Dam
ACTS Sustainable Hydrogen: Phase IIACTS Sustainable Hydrogen: Phase II Thin filmsThin films
•
TU Eindhoven (Notten, Dam, Kelder): –
Destabilized, multi-component, Mg-based hydrogen storage materials
•
Focuses
on
Mg-based
batteries•
Extends the use of hydrogenography to electrochemical hydrogenation
•
VU Amsterdam (Dam, Griessen)–
‘Search for new light-weight hydrogen storage materials using hydrogenography
•
Mg-based, alanates•
Entropy/Enthalpy
correlation
•
Clamping
effects
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The Equilibrium PressureThe Equilibrium Pressure R. Gremaud
et al.Adv Mat 19 (2007) 2813
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The Enthalpy of formationThe Enthalpy of formation R. Gremaud
et al.Adv Mat 19 (2007) 2813
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FuncHy Workshop November 18, 2008, Bernard Dam
ACTS Sustainable Hydrogen: Phase IIACTS Sustainable Hydrogen: Phase II MiscellaneousMiscellaneous
•
VU Amsterdam (Dam, Griessen)–
‘Hydrogen sensors
and safety detectors
for the hydrogen
economy
•
U Twente
(Lefferts, Seshan)–
Catalytic hydrothermal generation of hydrogen from aqueous biomass waste
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HH22
productionproduction
fromfrom
biomassbiomass PyrolysisPyrolysis oiloil as as anan intermediateintermediate energyenergy carriercarrier
Fast pyrolysisplant
Transport of oil
CO2
CO2
Hydrogen production
Fast pyrolysisplant
Transport of oil
CO2
CO2
Chemicals / industry
Fuel cell / ElectricityFuel cell / Electricity
Chemicals / industry
- Catalytic Processes and Materials(B. Matas Güell, K. Seshan, L. Lefferts)
- Thermo-Chemical Conversion of Biomass(G. van Rossum, M.F. Bleeker, S.R.A. Kersten, H.J. Veringa, W.P.M. van Swaaij)
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FuncHy Workshop November 18, 2008, Bernard Dam
ACTS Sustainable Hydrogen: Phase IIACTS Sustainable Hydrogen: Phase II MiscellaneousMiscellaneous
•
VU Amsterdam (Dam, Griessen)–
‘Hydrogen sensors and safety detectors for the hydrogen economy
•
U Twente
(Lefferts)–
Catalytic hydrothermal generation of hydrogen from aqueous biomass waste
•
U Utrecht (Röckman)–
A future hydrogen economy -
A survey of possible effects
on urban air quality, atmospheric chemistry and climate
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FuncHy Workshop November 18, 2008, Bernard Dam
Effects of a Hydrogen Economy on the atmosphereEffects of a Hydrogen Economy on the atmosphere
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FuncHy Workshop November 18, 2008, Bernard Dam
AcknowledgementsAcknowledgements
•
Frank de Bruijn, ECN
•
Geert-Jan Kroes, Leiden University
•
Fokko
Mulder, Technical
University
Delft