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How to Feed Your Canola
Tom JensenInternational Plant Nutrition Institute
Saskatoon, SK
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•A not-for-profit, scientific organization dedicated to responsible management of plant nutrients for the benefit of the human family, www.ipni.net
•Member Companies
2
Incitec Pivot
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IPNI Northern Great Plains Region
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Crop Nutrition
•adequate supply of nutrients.
•balanced supply of nutrients.
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Plant Mineral NutrientsMacro NutrientsNitrogen (N)Phosphorous (P)Potassium (K)
Micro NutrientsBoron (B)Chloride (Cl)Copper (Cu)Iron (Fe)Manganese (Mn)Molybdenum (Mo)Nickel (Ni)Zinc (Zn)
Secondary NutrientsSulfur (S)Calcium (Ca)Magnesium (Mg)
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Essential Nutrients for Canola
• major: N,P,K• secondary: S, Ca, Mg
• micro: B, Cl, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, Zn,Ni
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Nitrogen
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Phosphorus
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Phosphorus, Canola and Soil Fungi• Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorhiza (VAM)–Canola is a non-VAM crop–Better P scavenger than small grains–Consider some extra P in seed-row of
wheat after canolaVAM (stained blue) in sagebrush root cellsPhoto credit:Marcia Wicklow - Howard, Boise State University
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Potassium
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Sulfur
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Sulfur
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Sulfur
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• Sulfates– 21-0-0-24– 16-20-0-15
• Thio-sulfate (fine elemental) plus sulfate– Mosaic’s 13-33-0-15
• Elemental– 0-0-0-90– 0-0-0-100
Sulfur, fertilizers
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Micro-nutrientssmall but important
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Canola – 35 bu/acreN P2O5 K2O S
Uptake 115 51 81 19Grain 70 37 18 11Residue 35 14 63 8lb/bu 1.88 0.91 0.46 0.3
Wheat – 50 bu/acreN P2O5 K2O S
Uptake 70 32 73 10Grain 60 23 17 7Residue 10 9 56 3lb/bu 1.2` 0.46 0.34 0.14
N:S Ratios6:1 10:1
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Soil Sampling and Testing
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There is more to soil sampling than just filling the bag.
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Conventional•Uniform field
•No reason to treat portions of the field differently
•Average values for the field, from 10 to 20 cores (15).
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Landscape• There is a reason to break the field into various management units, eg.
Sandy ridge, needs more K
Lower Clay loam soil, needs less K
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Benchmark• Choose a quarter acre
area representative of larger areas
• Soil sample within that area each year, 10 to 15 samples in each area
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InSiteYPM™ defined SaMZ™
0 130 155 165 180
InSiteYPM™ and SaMZ™to define yield goal
within zones
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Plant Analysis
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Look At Some Soil and Plant Analysis Results
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Soil Test Report, Alfalfa
Soil test results Recommendation• P2O5 4 ppm• K2O 102 ppm• S 12 lb/a• B 0.9 ppm• Zn 0.36 ppm
• 85 lb/a, broadcast• 138 lb/a, br.• 20 lb/a, broadcast• 1 lb/a, br.• 6 lb/a, broadcast
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Plant Analysis Report, AlfalfaReported in % Reported in ppm
• Element Ideal Level• N 3%, 2.6-3.7• P 0.20% 0.26-0.7• K 1.0% 2.5-3.8• S 0.22% 0.31-0.5• Ca 2.42% 0.51-3.0• Mg 0.90% 0.31-1• Na 0.05% 0-0.1
• Element Ideal Level• Zn 30 21-70• Fe 67 30-250• Mn 62 21-200• Cu 5 8-29, ?• B 44 31-80
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Questions?
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Other items to discuss
•Heat blasting of flowers•Winter canola•Early seeded and shorter season spring canola•Canola quality mustards
•Shallow seeding, 1”, adequate moisture•No-till works well
•Herbicide tolerant systems•Glyphosate, Liberty, Clearfield
•Frost damage of spring seeded• Swath before combining, or
•Straight Cutting using:•Pod sealants•Push over bars
•Insects and diseases
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Pest Control
Flea Beetle•seed treatment
•additional in-crop insecticide?
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Diamondback Moth
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Lygus Bug
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Bertha Army Worm
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Cabbage Seedpod Weevil• Host plants of the cabbage
seedpod weevil all belong to the mustard family (Brassicaceae), and include canola, brown mustard, cole crops (e.g. cabbage, broccoli, cauliflower) and cruciferous weeds (e.g. wild mustard, flixweed, stinkweed).
• Crop damage from cabbage seedpod weevil
– adults feed on the buds, causing bud-blasting
– Larvae feed within developing pods with each larva consuming about five seeds,
– and cause pod shattering
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Damping-off(Seedling Blight)
Canola Diseases
Root RotComplex
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Black Leg
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Schlerotinia(stem rot)
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Alternaria Black Spot
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Fusarium Wilt
Canola
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AsterYellows
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Club Root of Cruciferae species,Canola is susceptible