Download - HokieSat Introduction Daniel Pedraza Systems & Operations HokieSat [email protected] 22 August, 2002
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HokieSat IntroductionHokieSat Introduction
Daniel PedrazaDaniel PedrazaSystems & OperationsSystems & Operations
[email protected]@vt.edu22 August, 200222 August, 2002
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OverviewOverview
1. Introduction2. Mission & System
Overview3. 3CS Mission4. ION-F Mission5. Design/
Configuration6. Structure/Mass7. Propulsion8. Testing
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Mission and System OverviewMission and System Overview
• Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL)– “TechSat-21”
• Investigate small, distributed spacecraft systems
• Missions of larger, single platforms
• University Nanosatellite Program (UNP)– Purpose:
• help explore and implement technologies of small satellites
• 10 schools
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Participating UniversitiesParticipating Universities
Emerald Orion 3-Corner Sat
ION-FNanosat-1Nanosat-1 Nanosat-2Nanosat-2
Mission Flight
Program InstitutionAnticipated
Shuttle FlightMin Alt / Incl
/ On-Orbit LifeStanford USanta Clara
MITStanford U
Utah State UU of Washington
Virginia TechArizona State U
U of Colorado at BoulderNew Mexico State U
350 km / 36 deg / 2 months
Nanosat-2
Three Corner Sat
ION-F
June '03
Nanosat-1Emerald
April '03325 km / 28.5deg
/ 2 monthsOrion
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Mission and System OverviewMission and System Overview
• VT-ISMM– Virginia Tech Ionospheric Scintillation Measurement Mission– Single satellite investigation– Design quickly integrated with:
• Utah State University
• University of Washington
• VT-ISMM =====> ION-F
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Mission and System OverviewMission and System Overview
• ION-F Formation Flying Mission– NASA-Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC)– Many algorithms developed at GSFC– Earth Observer 1 (EO-1) flies with Landsat 7– Three (3) satellites with propulsive capabilities– Demonstrate more involved formation flying routines
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Nanosat-2 Brief Milestone Nanosat-2 Brief Milestone ScheduleSchedule
Mar01Mar01 Sep01Sep01 Mar02Mar02Jun01Jun01 Dec01Dec01
MSDS Fabrication
CDR
Phase 0/1SafetyReview
NanosatDelivery
Integrationand Test
01 December 01
15 July 01
25 May 01 (est.)
04-06April 01
Phase 2 SafetyPackage Development
Phase 3 SafetyPackage Development
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University Nanosatellite Program University Nanosatellite Program OverviewOverview
NASA Shuttle Hitchhiker Experiment
Launch System (SHELS)
AFRL Multi-Satellite
Deployment System (MSDS)
University Nanosatellites
DESCRIPTIONNine U.S. universities are producing nine nanosatellites.
The nanosats will be deployed via 2 flight missions from Space Shuttle SHELS hardware (Nanosat-1 and Nanosat-2)
The nanosats are organized into 3 subclusters for the purposes of demonstrating formation flying, inter-satellite collaborative processing/ communication, and autonomous control operations and data downlink
Each nanosat cluster incorporates unique technology demonstrations and science measurement capabilities
• Sponsors: Air Force Research Labs, NASA’s Goddard Flight Center
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Three Corner Sat
Introduction/Systems
Arizona State University
New Mexico State University
University of Colorado at Boulder
3 CS Introduction/System3 CS Introduction/System
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• 3 universities working together to develop constellation of 3 identical satellites
• ~2 year development schedule• Launched as stack on NASA Space Shuttle• Each university emphasizing its past heritage • Innovative, low-cost solutions & development
encouraged
3CS Mission3CS Mission
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3CS Mission Objectives3CS Mission Objectives
•Inter-satellite Communications
•Virtual Formation Flying
•Distributed & Automated Operations•Imaging
•Modular, Generic Design
•Micropropulsion Experiment
•Student Education
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ION-F
Introduction/Systems
Virginia Tech
University of Washington
Utah State University
ION-F Introduction/SystemION-F Introduction/System
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• Investigate satellite coordination and management technologies and distributed ionosphere scintillation measurements
• Coordinate on satellite design, formation flying, management mission development, science instruments, mission
• Design and implement internet-based operations centers, enabling each university to control its satellite from a remote location
ION-F MissionION-F Mission
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MissionMission
3CS
ION-F
USUSat
Dawgstar
HokieSat
Multiple Satellite
Deployment System
Configuration:
Scenario:
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1 . Launc h
3 . Nanosat Deploym ent from M S DS
2. M SDS Deploym ent fromShuttle O rbite r
4. Individual Nanosat deployment
MSDS: Multi- Satellite Deployment System
Separation ScenariosSeparation Scenarios
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T4T1 = TSafe, All Systems ExceptRecontact Hazards
= 20 minutes
= 0:00 T3 = T SEP
= T0 + 96 hours, 4 secs
= TSEP, Nanosat
Stack separation signalreleases both stacks
Intersatellite separationMSDS is 20 minutes outfrom Orbiter,timers
time-out
T0
Safety inhibits removedfor all MSDS systems
without recontacthazards.
Safety inhibits removedfor Nanosat systems
without recontacthazards.
MSDS released fromOrbiter/SHELS
MSDS timers initiatedRecontact hazard inhibits
removed aboardNanosats
Recontact hazard inhibitsremoved aboard MSDS
T2 = TSafe,Recontact Hazards
= T0 + 96 hours
INHIBITS STATUS MSDS AND NANOSAT
RecontactHazards
All othersystems
In-place
In-place
In-place
Removed
Removed
Removed Removed
Removed
Removed
Removed
= T0 + 102 hours, 4 secs
T4T1 = TSafe, All Systems ExceptRecontact Hazards
= 20 minutes
= 0:00 T3 = T SEP
= T0 + 96 hours, 4 secs
= TSEP, Nanosat
Stack separation signalreleases both stacks
Intersatellite separationMSDS is 20 minutes outfrom Orbiter,timers
time-out
T0
Safety inhibits removedfor all MSDS systems
without recontacthazards.
Safety inhibits removedfor Nanosat systems
without recontacthazards.
MSDS released fromOrbiter/SHELS
MSDS timers initiatedRecontact hazard inhibits
removed aboardNanosats
Recontact hazard inhibitsremoved aboard MSDS
T2 = TSafe,Recontact Hazards
= T0 + 96 hours
INHIBITS STATUS MSDS AND NANOSAT
RecontactHazards
All othersystems
In-place
In-place
In-place
Removed
Removed
Removed Removed
Removed
Removed
Removed
= T0 + 102 hours, 4 secsT4T1 = TSafe, All Systems ExceptRecontact Hazards
= 20 minutes
= 0:00 T3 = T SEP
= T0 + 96 hours, 4 secs
= TSEP, Nanosat
Stack separation signalreleases both stacks
Intersatellite separationMSDS is 20 minutes outfrom Orbiter,timers
time-out
T0
Safety inhibits removedfor all MSDS systems
without recontacthazards.
Safety inhibits removedfor Nanosat systems
without recontacthazards.
MSDS released fromOrbiter/SHELS
MSDS timers initiatedRecontact hazard inhibits
removed aboardNanosats
Recontact hazard inhibitsremoved aboard MSDS
T2 = TSafe,Recontact Hazards
= T0 + 96 hours
INHIBITS STATUS MSDS AND NANOSAT
RecontactHazards
All othersystems
In-place
In-place
In-place
Removed
Removed
Removed Removed
Removed
Removed
Removed
= T0 + 102 hours, 4 secs
T4T1 = TSafe, All Systems ExceptRecontact Hazards
= 20 minutes
= 0:00 T3 = T SEP
= T0 + 96 hours, 4 secs
= TSEP, Nanosat
Stack separation signalreleases both stacks
Intersatellite separationMSDS is 20 minutes outfrom Orbiter,timers
time-out
T0
Safety inhibits removedfor all MSDS systems
without recontacthazards.
Safety inhibits removedfor Nanosat systems
without recontacthazards.
MSDS released fromOrbiter/SHELS
MSDS timers initiatedRecontact hazard inhibits
removed aboardNanosats
Recontact hazard inhibitsremoved aboard MSDS
T2 = TSafe,Recontact Hazards
= T0 + 96 hours
INHIBITS STATUS MSDS AND NANOSAT
RecontactHazards
All othersystems
In-place
In-place
In-place
Removed
Removed
Removed Removed
Removed
Removed
Removed
= T0 + 102 hours, 4 secs
Multiple Satellite Deployment Multiple Satellite Deployment System (MSDS) System (MSDS)
T4T1 = TSafe, All Systems ExceptRecontact Hazards
= 20 minutes
= 0:00 T3 = T SEP
= T0 + 96 hours, 4 secs
= TSEP, Nanosat
Stack separation signalreleases both stacks
Intersatellite separationMSDS is 20 minutes outfrom Orbiter,timers
time-out
T0
Safety inhibits removedfor all MSDS systems
without recontacthazards.
Safety inhibits removedfor Nanosat systems
without recontacthazards.
MSDS released fromOrbiter/SHELS
MSDS timers initiatedRecontact hazard inhibits
removed aboardNanosats
Recontact hazard inhibitsremoved aboard MSDS
T2 = TSafe,Recontact Hazards
= T0 + 96 hours
INHIBITS STATUS MSDS AND NANOSAT
RecontactHazards
All othersystems
In-place
In-place
In-place
Removed
Removed
Removed Removed
Removed
Removed
Removed
= T0 + 102 hours, 4 secs
T4T1 = TSafe, All Systems ExceptRecontact Hazards
= 20 minutes
= 0:00 T3 = T SEP
= T0 + 96 hours, 4 secs
= TSEP, Nanosat
Stack separation signalreleases both stacks
Intersatellite separationMSDS is 20 minutes outfrom Orbiter,timers
time-out
T0
Safety inhibits removedfor all MSDS systems
without recontacthazards.
Safety inhibits removedfor Nanosat systems
without recontacthazards.
MSDS released fromOrbiter/SHELS
MSDS timers initiatedRecontact hazard inhibits
removed aboardNanosats
Recontact hazard inhibitsremoved aboard MSDS
T2 = TSafe,Recontact Hazards
= T0 + 96 hours
INHIBITS STATUS MSDS AND NANOSAT
RecontactHazards
All othersystems
In-place
In-place
In-place
Removed
Removed
Removed Removed
Removed
Removed
Removed
= T0 + 102 hours, 4 secs
T4T1 = TSafe, All Systems ExceptRecontact Hazards
= 20 minutes
= 0:00 T3 = T SEP
= T0 + 96 hours, 4 secs
= TSEP, Nanosat
Stack separation signalreleases both stacks
Intersatellite separationMSDS is 20 minutes outfrom Orbiter,timers
time-out
T0
Safety inhibits removedfor all MSDS systems
without recontacthazards.
Safety inhibits removedfor Nanosat systems
without recontacthazards.
MSDS released fromOrbiter/SHELS
MSDS timers initiatedRecontact hazard inhibits
removed aboardNanosats
Recontact hazard inhibitsremoved aboard MSDS
T2 = TSafe,Recontact Hazards
= T0 + 96 hours
INHIBITS STATUS MSDS AND NANOSAT
RecontactHazards
All othersystems
In-place
In-place
In-place
Removed
Removed
Removed Removed
Removed
Removed
Removed
= T0 + 102 hours, 4 secs
T4T1 = TSafe, All Systems ExceptRecontact Hazards
= 20 minutes
= 0:00 T3 = T SEP
= T0 + 96 hours, 4 secs
= TSEP, Nanosat
Stack separation signalreleases both stacks
Intersatellite separationMSDS is 20 minutes outfrom Orbiter,timers
time-out
T0
Safety inhibits removedfor all MSDS systems
without recontacthazards.
Safety inhibits removedfor Nanosat systems
without recontacthazards.
MSDS released fromOrbiter/SHELS
MSDS timers initiatedRecontact hazard inhibits
removed aboardNanosats
Recontact hazard inhibitsremoved aboard MSDS
T2 = TSafe,Recontact Hazards
= T0 + 96 hours
INHIBITS STATUS MSDS AND NANOSAT
RecontactHazards
All othersystems
In-place
In-place
In-place
Removed
Removed
Removed Removed
Removed
Removed
Removed
= T0 + 102 hours, 4 secs
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Leader / Follower FormationLeader / Follower Formation
Orbit Ground Track
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Same Ground Track FormationSame Ground Track Formation
Orbit Ground Track
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• Isogrid Structure• Composite Side Panels
– 0.23” isogrid– 0.02” skins
DesignDesign
HokieSat• 18.25” (~ 45 cm) major
diameter hexagonal prism• 12” tall (30 cm) • 39 lbs (~18 kg)
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Data Port
Crosslink Antenna
Uplink Antenna
Downlink Antenna
SciencePatches
LightBand
GPS Antenna
Pulsed PlasmaThrusters
Solar Cells
Camera
External ConfigurationExternal Configuration
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Torque Coils (3)
Rate Gyros (3)
Downlink Transmitter
Cameras
Camera
Electronics Enclosure
Battery Enclosure
MagnetometerCamer
a
PowerProcessing Unit
Crosslink Components
Pulsed PlasmaThrusters (2)
Internal ConfigurationInternal Configuration
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VT Structures OverviewVT Structures Overview
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Panel 6 Panel 5 Panel 4
Panel 1 Panel 2 Panel 3
Nadir/Zenith Panel
HokieSat StructureHokieSat Structure
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•Description: Nadir and Zenith
•Heritage: None
•Manufacturer: In-House/Techsburg
•Properties: Al 6061 T-6, Class 3 Irridite (MIL-C-5541-E)
•Mass: 1.70 lbm (0.773 kg)
•Status: Prototype Complete
I O N - FUtah State University - University of Washington - Virginia Tech
Top View of End Panel
Al 6061 T-651
Class 3 Irridite
AA21301-DWG02-1
1 of 1
Rabin, D. 18/02/01
FCTBD
0.010"0.005" 0.5°
To
p V
iew
of E
nd
Pan
el
1 o
f 11
18/02/01
1.70 lb 1 : 4
Ø0.190x3 Thru
HardwareHardware
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COMPONENT MASS lbm (kg) QUANTITY DESIGN MARGIN (10%) SOURCEIsogrid Side 1 1.13 (0.514) 1 0.113 (0.0514) MeasuredIsogrid Side 2 1.13 (0.514) 1 0.113 (0.0514) MeasuredIsogrid Side 3 1.12 (0.509) 1 0.112 (0.0509) MeasuredIsogrid Side 4 1.13 (0.514) 1 0.113 (0.0514) MeasuredIsogrid Side 5 1.12 (0.509) 1 0.112 (0.0509) MeasuredIsogrid Side 6 1.14 (0.518) 1 0.114 (0.0518) MeasuredSkin Side 1 0.246 (0.112) 1 0.0246 (0.0112) AutoCADSkin Side 2 0.25 (0.114) 1 0.025 (0.0114) AutoCADSkin Side 3 0.247 (0.112) 1 0.0247 (0.0112) AutoCADSkin Side 4 0.242 (0.110) 1 0.0242 (0.0110) AutoCADSkin Side 5 0.247 (0.112) 1 0.0247 (0.0112) AutoCADSkin Side 6 0.247 (0.112) 1 0.0247 (0.0112) AutoCADEnd Panel 1.7 (0.773) 2 0.17 (0.0773) MeasuredBracket 1 0.0519 (0.0236) 1 0.00519 (0.00236) MeasuredBracket 2 0.0160 (0.00727) 1 0.0016 (0.000727) MeasuredBracket 3 0.0127 (0.00579) 1 0.00127 (0.000579) MeasuredFasteners 0.008 (0.00364) 82 0.00008 (0.000364) MeasuredLightband 1.76 (0.800) 1 0.176 (0.0800) PSCHoneycomb 0.510 (0.232) 1 0.051 (0.0232) AutoCADEpoxy 0.487 (0.221) 1 0.0487 (0.0221) Estimated
Total Mass = 16.6 lbm (7.57 kg)Total Mass = 16.6 lbm (7.57 kg)
MassMass
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Total Mass = 118.8 lb (54 kg)
Mass Breakdown (Stack)Mass Breakdown (Stack)
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PropulsionPropulsion
• Propulsion subsystem requirements
• Schematic• VT thruster arrangement• System parameters• Operations summary
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Propulsion Subsystem Propulsion Subsystem RequirementsRequirements
• Provide thrust required for the formation flying mission (phase 1)– 22 m/s V required
• Orbit raising to extend life (phase 2)– Remaining propellant
• Augment torque coils for yaw attitude control
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Top View
12
3
4
VT Thruster ArrangementVT Thruster Arrangement
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SchematicSchematic
Anode
Cathode
Ultem Isolator
Mica-paper / FoilCapacitor
Teflon Fuel Bar
Spring
Ultem 2300 Thruster Assembly
Boron NitrideInsulator
Thruster mount
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System ParametersSystem Parameters
Translational DV (m/s) 54Rotational DV (m/s) 54Specific Impulse (s) 485Impulse Bit (mNs) 56Thrust - 1 Hz Fire Rate (mN) 56
Power
Component Orbit Ave Power (W)
Peak Power
(W)
Voltage (V)
Propulsion System
0.65 13 28
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• Structural– 4 thruster nozzle holes, sized and placed as defined in
drawings– 2 thruster mounts, attached directly to isogrid nodes
• Power– Requires 13 watts at 28 volts for translation – System can tolerate a decrease in voltage to 16.5 volts – No power required when system not in use– Approximate duty cycle:
• 3% for formation keeping
• 10% for formation maneuvering
InterfacesInterfaces
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Solar CellSolar Cell
• Tecstar Triple-Junction 24% Cascade cells
• Heritage on DS-1, MightySat, SMEX, TRACE, others
• Cell Dimensions: 2.497” x 1.522” (6.25 x 3.75 cm)
• 0.030” spacing between cells
• Cells supplied kitted
– Cover glass
– Diode on each cell
– Interconnects
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Composite structure comprised of 0.23” isogrid and 0.02” skin
FabricationFabrication
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Strength & stiffness test of structure without skin panels
Strength & stiffness test of loading fixture
Static TestingStatic Testing
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Strength & stiffness test of structure with skin panels
• Experiment demonstrated a 32% gain in stiffness in the cantilever mode due to
addition of skins• Skins added less than 8% to the total mass
Static TestingStatic Testing
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Modal (tap) Testing of Side Panels
• Hammer provides impulsive input• Accelerometer measures
accelerations used to characterize natural frequencies
• Tap testing with and without skins• Verification of predictions of finite
element analysis
Dynamic TestingDynamic Testing
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Up-Link Antenna PicturesUp-Link Antenna Pictures
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Clean Room PicturesClean Room Pictures
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•Air Force Research Laboratory•Air Force Office of Scientific Research•Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency•NASA Goddard Space Flight Center•NASA Wallops Flight Facility Test Center•University of Washington•Utah State University•Virginia Tech•Professor A. Wicks•Professor B. Love•Members of ION-F
AcknowledgementsAcknowledgements
AFOSR Goddard Space Flight Center STP
Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency