Download - Hofstede (1)
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Hofstede Cultural Framework
1. Power Distance
2. Individualism vs.
Collectivism3. Masculinity vs.
Femininity
4. UncertaintyAvoidance
5. Long Term
Orientation
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Power Distance
...the extent to which
the less powerful
members ofinstitutions and
organizations within a
country expect and
accept that power isdistributed unequally.
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Power Distance at Work
Hierarchy
Centralization
Salary range
Participation
Ideal Boss
Privilege & statussymbols
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Individualism vs. Collectivism
Individualist societies:
ties are loose and
everyone looks out forhimself or herself
Collectivist societies:
people integrated into
strong, cohesivegroups; protection is
exchanged for loyalty
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Individualism / Collectivism
at Work Employee-employer
relationship
Hiring and promotiondecisions
Managerial focus
Task vs. relationshippriority
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Masculinity vs. Femininity
Masculine societies:
social gender roles are
distinct (men focus onmaterial success;
women on quality of
life)
Feminine societies:social gender roles
overlap (both quality
of life)
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Masculinity / Femininity at Work
Centrality of work
Ways of managing &
decision making Fem: equality,
solidarity, quality of
work life
Mas: equity, compete,
performance
Conflict resolution
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Uncertainty Avoidance
the extent to which
the members of a
culture feel threatenedby uncertain or
unknown situations.
NOT the same as risk
avoidance
Presence of rules
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Uncertainty Avoidance at Work
Necessity of rules
Time orientation
Precision &punctuality
Interpretation of
What is different
Appropriateness of
emotional displays
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Long term orientation
Confucian Dynamism The newest
dimension
three universaldimensions and two
fourth dimensions
Truth vs. Virtue: What
one believes vs. What
one does
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Short-term orientation
Social pressure to
keep up with theJoneses
small savings
expect quick results
concern with
possessing Truth
Long-term orientation
Thrift: being sparing
with resources large savings
perseverance toward
slow results
concern with
respecting the
demands of Virtue
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Hofstede Framework Comparisons
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