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History of WWF Mongolia in context of Mongolia’s
Conservation evolution
1992 – until present
B.Chimed-Ochir, Country Representative
7th February 2011, Ulaanbaatar
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Content
• Institutional development• Evolution of WWF’s conservation priorities
in context of country’s situation• Evolution of conservation community in
Mongolia• Major threats and future trend • WWF’s niche and challenges• WWF’s vision and must - win objectives
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Institutional history
• 1992 – 1997: Project office with 3 staff
• 1997 – 2002: Country office with 9 staff (4 in field office Khovd) and registered as branch of international NGO in 1997
• Since 2002: Programme office with 29 staff
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Evolution of WWF’s priorities(1992 – 1997)
• The project “National parks of Mongolia”, financed WWF Germany (1992 -1997)
– Establishment of new large scale PA– Support Government for identifying financial
sources for PA development– Awareness and advocacy on PA’s
• First international NGO in Mongolia
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Country’s situation 1992 - 1997
• Political and economical transition just started and lack of finance for everything
• Reform of environmental legislative acts
• Increased overall poverty level – migration from settlement to country site
• Freedom for travel - transboundary illegal trade with wildlife products increased
• Golden time for establishing large PA’s
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Some success stories …
• Country’s PA network – WWF as major and single player
• Long-term contribution from Germany to nature conservation
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Evolution of WWF’s priorities(1998 – 2002)
• First 5 years Conservation Programme with focus on:– Species conservation; Saiga and Snow leopard– PA management e.g. Khar Us Nuur NP– Establishment new PA’s
• Financial sources: WWF-DE, WWF-NL, WWF-AT, Messerli, Mava
• Ecoregional approach – Altai-Sayan
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Country’s situation 1998 - 2002
• Livestock number reached historical height – 32 Millions
• Two following drought in summer and harsh winter – lost 9 million livestock
• Increased mining activities, especially gold
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Some success stories …
• Shifting from establishment to management of PA
• Saiga population increased during the project implementation (1998 – 2001)
• First time involvement of locale people into Snow leopard conservation
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Evolution of WWF’s priorities(2003 – 2007)
• 2nd 5 years conservation programme• Aligned with Global Programme: TDB and
Ecoregion – Species, Freshwater, Forest, Toxic and Climate
change– Altai-Sayan (80%) and Daurian (20%) ecoregions
• Major financial sources: WWF-SE and SIDA, WWF-DE, Hermsen and Otto foundation
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Country’s situation(2003 – 2007)
• Individual Illegal mining so called “Ninjas”
• New dam projects
• Overgrazing and habitat competition
• Climate change
• Weak management policies and institutional framework - bad governance
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Some success stories …
• Successful toxic campaign against massive use of rodenticide to control Brand’s vole
• Legislation adopting IRBM approaches• EIA for Dorgon HPP• Piloting community forestry in Khan
Khokhie mountain range• Mobile anti-poaching units in Western
Mongolia
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Evolution of WWF’s priorities(2006 – 2010)
• 3rd Conservation programme – update of 2nd CP in 2005• 2 Ecoregions: Altai-Sayan and Daurian (later refocused
on AHEC) with 3 pillars:– Priority/Flagship Species: Argali, Snow leopard, Saiga, Saker
Falcon, Mongolian Antelope, Taimen– Freshwater conservation – With cross-cutting issues: ESD, habitat protection and
management, policy advocacy, law enforcement
• Main approaches: CBNRM and IRBM• Financial sources: WWF-SE, NL, US, DE, MAVA and
JFPR/ADB
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Country’s situation(2006 – 2010)
• Increased commodity price on world market e.g. copper, gold, coal etc
• Tremendous increase of state budget– Increased public concern on mining impacts and
corruption
• Overgrazing and desertification (almost 70% of country)
• Climate change, specially in frequency of extreme events, biomass and freshwater
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Evolution of conservation communities
• 1996 law on NGO
• More than 500 NGO but still weak …
• 2 international NGO; TNC and WCS (+TAF)
• Major players are GTZ, UNDP, SDC, (NL)
• ADB and WB integrated in sector development
• Public movements against mining activities
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Major threats and future trend
• Mining development and large investment:– Threats: Lot of money and corruption, freshwater
ecosystem degradation, habitat fragmentation – Opportunity: Social and environmental responsibility
due to public reputation and increased funding
• Livestock sector and NR management:– Threats: desertification, degradation and habitat loss– Opportunity: dependencies of livelihood
• Climate change impacts:– Forest, freshwater, pasture and vulnerability of
livelihoods
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Possible priority actions…
• For mining sector:– Biodiversity offset programme– Transparency and public involvement
• For livestock sector:– Integrated policy and market based
approaches for sustainable rangeland management
– Increased local community stewardship for their natural environment e.g. CBNRM
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WWF’s niche and challenges
• WWF’s niche:– Well known and high reputation– Local presences and competent staff
• Challenges:– Flexibility and multi disciplinary team – Increased competition for funding– Building strategic partnership with
development institutions and corporate sector
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WWF’s vision and must – win objectives:
To ensure local community stewardship for their natural environment