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History of the oldest bridge Pons Fabricius
Luong (Lou) H. Tran, PEWSDOT Bridge Office
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Outline of the Presentation
History Design – Geometry, Loading, Architectural Materials Construction Methods Improvements
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Location
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Arial Map
Pons Fabricius
Pons Cestius
Tiber River
Tiber Island
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Rome 2000 years ago
Marcellus’ Theater
Pons Fabricus
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Marcellus’ Theater
Pons Fabricus
Colloseum
Circus Maximus
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History Facts
Built in 62 BC by Lucius Fabricius, curator of Rome at that time – in replacing the wooden bridge.
The bridge went under repair after major flood in 23 BC by Lepidus and M. Lolius.
Outside face tiles were replaced with travertine in 1679.
Walls were built along the Tiber river in 1875 to stop the flooding in the city.
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Challenges - Design and construct a bridge structure for the flooding river
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How the Roman engineers handled the Flood and Scour Flood
Built a heavy gravity bridge with stone or rocks that sturdy, strong, and durable to stand the river flow
Provided enough opening for the water channel
Scour Constructed a deep foundation Designed for hydrology of the river Provided heavy riprap around the pier
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Design and Construction Design
Dead and Live Flood Scour Others
Construction Cofferdam system
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Design Facts
Geometric Data Height = 14.5 m
(47.6 ft.) Arch Width = 24.5 m
(80.4 ft.)
Rdwy. Width = 5.5 m (18.1 ft.)
Span/Height Ratio = 1.7
47.6 ft.
80.4ft.
19.7 ft.22.3 ft.
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Arch Loading ( 3-hinges)
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Tuff and Travertine Compressive Strength
15,400 psi
2900 psi
6380 psi
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Construction Drawing
Tuff Blocks Travertine
Cementitious mixture with tuff rocks
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Materials (The invention of first concrete) Arch
• Arch – tuff blocks, tuff rocks mixing cementitious mixtures of pozzolanic ash, lime, and water. (1:3 ratio of lime to pozzolan)
• Arch fascia – bricks and travertine
Foundation• Cofferdam – Timber piles• Inside Cofferdam – tuff rocks mixing with cementitious
mixtures of pozzolanic ash, lime, and water.• Footing – tuff blocks, tuff rocks mixing with cementitious
mixtures of pozzolanic ash, lime, and water. (1:2 ratio of lime to pozzolan)
Ten Books on Architecture by Vitruvius
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Vitruvian manby Leonardo da Vinci, in 1409
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Cross Section of Arch
Tuff Blocks
Cementitious mixtures with tuff rocks
Travertine
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Bricks
Travertine
Tuff blocks
Cementitious mixtures fill with tuff
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Foundation Construction
Two layers of wooden cofferdam, filled with clay
Driving Pile Equipment
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Foundation Construction
Foundation –cementitious mixtures with tuff
Outer shell –tuff blocks
Cofferdam
Inside arch -cementitious mixtures with tuff
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Arch Construction
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Arch Construction in earlier 1900
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Arch Construction in early 1900
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Pons Fabricius in 1600?
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P. Fabricius in 1900
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P. Fabricius at the present date
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Architectural elements and Preservation
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2077 Years Later
Pons Fabricus bridge has went through
Thousand floods Earthquakes Wars Millions of horse carriages and pedestrians Millions of tourists
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Conclusion
Pons Fabricius reveals to us the ingenuity and marvel of the ancient Roman engineers – the first to develop the expertise in design and construction bridges.
Designing for the environments Understanding the functions of forces and forms Selecting the materials that last Developing well-thought construction techniques Preserving the structure
Pons Fabricius gives us the senses of wonder that we can build bridges to last…
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Questions (Quaestiones)?