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Satellite and model analysis of wildfire NOx emissions in Siberia: Links to interannual variabilit
y of surface ozone, 1998–2004
Hiroshi Tanimoto National Institute for Environmental Studies, Japan
In collaboration with K. Folkert Boersma, Ronald van der A, Kiyoshi Matsumoto, Mitsuo Uematsu, Philippe Le Sager, Bob Yantosca
Photo: Siberia (courtesy of T. Machida)
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Background & Motivation
Role of boreal forest fires in interannual variations of trop. O3 in N.H. (especially, Rishiri Island, northern Japan)
Impacts on CO is well-known (Yurganov, Edwards, etc), but O3 is less known. Still lots of discussions on magnitude of O3 increase.
150
100
50
0CO
(ppb
v)
20052004200320022001200019991998
Year
Monthly mean anomaly
-10
-5
0
5
10
Ozo
ne (p
pbv)
20052004200320022001200019991998
Year
Monthly mean anomaly
O3 enhancement in “fire plumes” Cheeka Peak (Jaffe et al.), Pico-NAR
E (Val Martin, Honrath, et al.), Rishiri (Tanimoto et al.), etc
O3 “background-levels” Mace Head (Simmonds et al.), Pico-N
ARE (Lapina et al.)
O3 enhancements are subtle, “several ppbv” – challenge
NOx is a key species, but not extensively examined, because of limited measurements nearby fires
Rishiri Island, Japan
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Questions & Tools
GEOS-Chem Version: v8-01-01 Met. Field: GEOS4 Horizontal Grid: 4x5 deg Vertical Layers: 30 layers Tracers: 43 species Emissions: GFEDv2, monthly Period: Apr – Sep, 1998, 1999,
2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004
GOME 1998-2002, 10:30LT, 40x320 km
SCIAMACHY 2002-2004, 10:00LT, 30x60 km
TEMIS (KNMI, The Netherlands) monthly grid data cloud-free & nearly cloud-free
(cloud radiance <50%)
Can satellites see NOx (NO2) enhancement due to boreal fires?
Does the GFED-driven model reproduce the NOx enhancement, and predict O3 enhancement?
Are satellites, model, and surface data consistent with each other?
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Distributions of NOx emissions in GFEDv2
Rishiri Island
KAMFESESWS
+
Target region
1250
1000
750
500
250
0
NO
x em
issi
ons
(Gg)
20052004200320022001200019991998
Year
Whole Siberia WS ES FES KAM
FES (Far-Eastern Siberia) & ES (Eastern Siberia)
“low-fire-year”: 1999, 2000, 2001, 2004 = reference
“high-fire-year”: 1998, 2002, 2003
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Anomalies in trop. NO2 column
1998JAS
2002JAS
2003AMJ
GFEDv2 NOx emis.GOME/SCIA NO2 GEOS-Chem NOx
Locations of NOx enhancement are consistent for satellites and G-C
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0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00
-0.10
Tro
p. N
O2 (
101
5m
ole
c/cm
2)
2004200320022001200019991998
Year
0.75
0.50
0.25
0.00
-0.25
NO
x in BL (ppbv)
September
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00
-0.10
Tro
p. N
O2 (
101
5m
ole
c/cm
2)
2004200320022001200019991998
Year
0.75
0.50
0.25
0.00
-0.25
NO
x in BL (ppbv)
August
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00
-0.10
Tro
p. N
O2 (
101
5m
ole
c/cm
2)
2004200320022001200019991998
Year
0.75
0.50
0.25
0.00
-0.25
NO
x in BL (ppbv)
July
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00
-0.10
Tro
p. N
O2 (
101
5m
ole
c/cm
2)
2004200320022001200019991998
Year
0.75
0.50
0.25
0.00
-0.25
NO
x in BL (ppbv)
May
GOME/SCIA vs. GEOS-Chem
Satellites can detect NOx emissions from “large” and “medium” scale fires GEOS-Chem agrees well with satellites in a qualitative manner
Satellites / GEOS-Chem
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Anomalies in ozone by G-C, surface level (L=1)Rishiri
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20
15
10
5
0
-5
-10
Ozo
ne (
ppb
v)
20052004200320022001200019991998 Year
Surface observations, RIS GEOS-Chem, 45N, 141E
Anomalies in surface ozone, obs vs. G-C
G-C did a good job in reproducing anomalies observed at Rishiri
Rishiri Island, Japan (45N, 141E)
Rishiri Is.
Summary GOME/SCIA can detect NO2 enhancement from boreal fires in Siberia G-C reproduces NOx enhancement – need more quantitative evaluati
ons (sampling time, 2x2.5 grid, etc) G-C well reproduces O3 anomalies at Rishiri Island in BB-years
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Anomalies in ozone by G-C, alt.-lat cross section120 degE 140 degE (Rishiri) 155 degW (Barrow)
1998
2002
2003
Rishiri Barrow
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Trop. NO2 column over Siberia viewed from space
Mean (summer, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2004)
In general, NO2 is very low over Siberia, due to small anth. activities
Enhancement of NO2 is negligible in “low-fire-year”
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Trop. NO2 columns in 1998, 2002, 2003
Weak but significant enhancement of NO2 in 1998, 2002, 2003
Locations of NO2 enhancements differ depending on year
1998 summer
2003 spring
2002 summer