High -Capacity Low -Latency Optical Networks for
5G Wireless
Xiang LiuSenior Director, Optical Access Research
Distinguished Scientist, Optical Transport Product Line
ECOC’17 Market Focus, Session “Optical network agility and Packet Optical transport 2 & Fibre Access” Wednesday 20th September, Sweden
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Industry Trends & Challenges
Promising Architectures & Solutions
Contents
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5G Standardization Progresses 2014 2015 2016 2018 2019 20202017
RAN Rel-14 Rel-15 Rel-16Rel-13
5G Phase 1 5G Phase 2Previous TimelineGlobalLaunch
Aug. 2017
Non-Standalone
NR
Full IMT-2020NR
StandaloneNR
Accelerating Decision
CPRI CPRI 7.0 25GCPRI 7.0 25G eCPRI V1.0eCPRI V1.0
5G Comprises • NR(New Radio)• Evolution of LTE Advanced Pro
• NextGen (New Core Network )• Evolution of EPC
4
5G Providing a Super-Connected World
mMTCmassive Machine Type
Communications
uRLLCultra-Reliable and Low-Latency
Communications
Future IMT
10GbpseMBBenhanced Mobile Broadband
3D Video, UHD Screen
Work and play in the Cloud.
Augmented Reality
Industry Automation
Mission Critical Applications
Self driving car
Smart Home/Building
Smart City
ITU-R WP5D1million/km2 ms
AR/VR
V2XIoT
3 Use Category Cases
People’s Experience Driven Machine’s Connection Driven2 Drive Forces +
5
Operators Embracing the 5G Era
eMBB uRLLC mMTC
Leading Telcos
Time of Trial
HomeAccess
AR/VR
UHD Video
Other(Multi-
View,…)
Auto Driving
Smart Grid
Smart Industry
Other (Drone,…)
NB-IoT…
NTTDOCO
MO2020
DT 2019
VDF 2019
CMCC 2020
AT&T 2017Q4
Verizon 2017Q4
SKT 2018Q1
KT 2018Q1
5G Use Case for Business Trial
2017(eMBB)Phase 1.1
Non-StandaloneNR
• eMBB and low latency user plane• Aim to be commercialized in 2018/2019
2018(uRLLC)Phase 1.2
StandaloneNR
• All RAN functionality for standalone• Aim to be commercialized in 2019/2020
2019(ALL)Phase 2
Full IMT-2020NR
• Aim to address all identified usecases & requirements
5G Standardization Status in 3GPP
eMBB: Enhanced Mobile BroadbanduRLLC: Ultra-Reliable and Low-LatencymMTC: Massive Machine Type Communication
6
• 5037x5707 Resolution• Up to 4.2Gbps needed
High -Bandwidth Requirement of 5G
Source: Cisco VNI Mobile
CAGR
53%
Mobile Data Traffic is Growing
•Live streaming makes everyone a broadcaster.
New Applications are Booming
Service Traffic Continues to Grow Rapidly N x 10Gbps level Backhaul Capacity Requirement
Bonn, Germany2016
73GHz73GHz1.8GHz
Bandwidth1.8GHz
BandwidthMU-MIMOMU-MIMO
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Ultra-Low Latency Requirement of 5G
2000s ’ 2015s ’ 2020s ’ 2030s ’
2G/3G/4G Cellular
Intelligent Communication
Safe DrivingAutomated
Driving
Latency< 50ms
Latency< 20ms.Latency< 5ms
5G eV2X3GPP TR 22.886
4.5G V2X3GPP TR 23.785
Latency Breakdown: Service E2E Transport Network 2ms
eX2 Forwarding Latency For Higher Wireless Gain
<100us latency for 100% Gain<4ms latency for 40~80% Gain >8ms latency for 0% Gain (TBD)
CA/CoMP
Latency Requirements for 5G Use Case Latency Requirements for CA/CoMP
RAN - Non Real Time
Cache
MEC
AC
LBS
MCE
Softbank
1ms
Server/GW
1ms1ms 1ms 1ms CA: Carrier Aggregation
CoMP:Coordinated Multipoint Transmission/Reception
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Accurate Synchronization Requirement of 5G
Scenario 4G servicesTiming
Requirement Impacts
4G
Basic FDD/TDD
service±0.05ppm
Inter-Basestation
Handover failure
Basic TDD
service < ±1.5usTDD cell closed if time
error exceeds 10us
4.5G Coordinated
features < ±1.5us Zero gain
Inter band non-contiguous Carrier Aggregation
Use case1: Among macro stations Use case2: Among macro stations and small cells
CA/CoMP/SFN have stricter requirements for synchronization
Three Types of Carrier Aggregation@5G
Scenario ServicesTiming
Requirement Impacts
5G Low
frequency(sub-6G)Basic 5G service < ±1us
Handover failure (low
frequency)
5G High
frequency(above-6G)Basic 5G service < ±500ns
Handover failure (high
frequency)
5G Low
frequency(sub-6G)
Coordinated
features < ±150ns Zero gain
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5G Slicing for Service-Specific Optimization
Ultra-high Reliability
High Security
High Mobility
Ultra-low Latency
Context Awareness
Extreme Broadband
Ubiquitous Coverage
Ultra-low Cost
Ultra-low Energy
Current Network uRLLC
eMBB
mMTC
E2E Network Resource is limited Different Service with Different Requirements
5G SlicingAgile SLA Network
#n
#2
#1
X 10Gbps
ms
1MConnections/km2
Autonomous Driving Network Slice
8K/Holographic Video Network Slice
IOT Network Slice Massive Connection :106/km2
Lower Latency :ms Level
Large BW :1G ~ X 10Gbps
TRANSPORT CORERAN
• Massive Traffic Burst Request at the same time cause great pressure to RAN, Transport and Core• Network Sharing request precise traffic control, Slicing identification the traffic
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Industry Trends & Challenges
Promising Architectures & Solutions
Contents
11
SDH for 2G
Wireless Architecture Evolution and Bearer Network
• Nothing except bear network between NB and EPC
• Bandwidth Nx10M~1Gbps per NB
Internet
EPC
Cloud BB
RRU
4G Network
RRUeNB eNB eNB
Internet
CS/PS
2G/3G Network
BTS BTS NB NB NB
Internet
5G Network
New EPC
RRU RRU RRU RRUgNB
• BSC/RNC is between BTS/NB and CS/PS
• Bandwidth Nx1Mbps per NB
• MCE/MEC/New Core are based on DC/Cloud
• Bandwidth 10G+ per 5G gNB
Cloud BB Cloud BB
gNBgNB
RNCBSCIP Cloud
MCE/MEC::5G Architecture Key Components, Support Cache, GW, APP, RAN-Non Real Time and so on
MCE/MECMCE/MEC MCE/MEC
MCE: Mobile Cloud Engine; MEC: Mobile Edge Computing
IPRAN ?MSTP for 3G
Microwave
Wireless E
volution B
earer
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Accurate Sync. Network SlicingLow LatencyHigh Bandwidth
E2E OTN Bearer Network for 5G
AccessN x λ 100Gbps
Mini-OLT
Cloud BB
eCPRITranspor
t
Backhaul
FBB
Enterprise
MBB
CDN/5G Core
UP/Controller
CDN/5G Core
UP/Controller
Regional DC
Internet/MIoT/5G Core
UP/Controller
Internet/MIoT/5G Core
UP/Controller
Core DC
MCE/MEC/5G Core
UP/Controller
MCE/MEC/5G Core
UP/Controller
Local DC
BackboneMetro
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Cloud BB for Improved Performance with Low TCO
Data Source: China Mobile’s CRAN White Paper
• eX2 Traffic Switch in Cloud BB pool with “0” Latency, CA/CoMP 100% Gain
• Excellent performance for the high speed mobility, no handover in the “Non Cell” Cloud BB Architecture
Power Consumption
OAM
Site Rental Fee
Transport
Site Select & Planning
Supporting Facilities
Civil Work
Equipment
Power Consumption
OAM
Site Rental Fee
Site Select & Plan
Supporting Facilities
Civil Work
Equipment
7 Years
OPEX -50%CAPEX -30%
Base station 40%+ TCO Saving
Cloud BB
“0” Latency 100% Gain
• CAPEX:Save Supporting Facilities, Civil Work and Equipment
• OPEX: Save Power Consumption, OAM and Site Rental Fee
Transport(Fiber)
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Aggregation/De-aggregation
Fiber-basedmobile fronthaul
for CoMP
Fiber-basedmobile
backhaulCore
network
BBU baseband processing
Centralized BBU poolat C-RAN CO Antennas
RRU RRU RRU
Aggregation/De-aggregation
Fiber-basedmobile fronthaul
for M-MIMO
3 sectors each with64x64 MIMO
Aggregation/De-aggregation
RRUs
Typical CPRI data rate for 64x64 MIMO with 200MHz 5G signals: 64*10/8*10Gb/s=800 Gb/s; 3 sectors: 2.4 Tb/s!
Mobile Fronthaul for CoMP and M-MIMO
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Press releases (http://www.cpri.info/press.html)Industry leaders release the new CPRI Specification for 5GDate: Thursday, August 31, 2017
CPRI, the Industry Initiative for a Common Public Radio Interface continues to evolve: CPRI cooperation have now released the first eCPRI specification (1.0). The new specification will support the 5G Front-haul and will provide enhancements to meet the increased requirements of 5G. Following the successful program to enhance the CPRI Specification to support novel Radio Access Technologies and increasing capacity demands, Ericsson, Huawei Technologies, NEC and Nokia have released the new specification on 31 August of 2017 as previously announced, in addition to existing specifications, to encompass the developments for 5G …
New Standards Activities: eCPRIThe eCPRI specification offers several advantages to the base station design:1) The new interface enables ten-fold reduction of the
required bandwidth2) Required bandwidth can scale flexibly according to
the user plane traffic3) Use of packet based transport technologies will be
enabled. Main stream technologies like Ethernet, open the possibility to carry eCPRI traffic and other traffic simultaneously, in the same switched network, e.g. one Ethernet network can simultaneously carry eCPRI traffic from several system vendors…
4) The new interface is a real-time traffic interface enabling use of sophisticated coordination algorithms guaranteeing best possible radio performance
5) The interface is future proof allowing new feature introductions by SW updates in the radio network
In addition to the new eCPRI specification, the work continues to further develop the existing CPRI specifications to keep it as a competitive option for all deployments with dedicated fiber connections in Fronthaul including 5G.
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5G will use eCRPI Interface for Clould BBHigh Bandwidth Low Latency Precise Sync. Network Slicing
MACPHY
RLC
RRC
RF
Backhaul
eCPRITransport
CPRI Split to decrease the BW5G require more bandwidth in CPRI
400Gbps
MACPHY-H
RLC
RF
<25Gbps
PDCP
RRCPDCP
PHY-L
eCPRIeCPRI
Bandwidth
nTnR@BW
100G
80G
40G
2T2R@10M
2T2R@20M
10G
5G
4T4R@20M
32T32R@50M
64T64R@100M
100M
1G
400Gbps
5Gbps
CPRI
IP
eCPRI
25Gbps
X80
X16
X4
eCPRI Specification for 5G plan to release in August 2017http://www.cpri.info/press.html
eCPRI Transport Backhaul
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ONU ONU ONU
RRU RRU RRU
Fiber Splitter
……Joint MAC scheduling(J-MAC)
UE
Drop Fiber
Shared Feeder Fiber (for cost sharing)
BBU
OLT
Joint MAC scheduling(J-MAC)
CloudCentral
Office(CO)
References: J. Kani, S. Kuwano, and J. Terada, “Options for future mobile backhaul and fronthaul,” Optical Fiber Technology 26, pp. 42–49 (2015).X. Liu and F. Effenberger, “Emerging Optical Access Network Technologies for 5G Wireless [Invited],” JOCN 8, B70 (2016).
CPRI over PON (CPRI-PON) ArchitectureHigh Bandwidth Low Latency Precise Sync. Network Slicing
CPRI Transport Backhaul
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eCPRI over PON (eCPRI-PON) Architecture
Siyu Zhou; Xiang Liu; Frank Effenberger; Jonathan Chao, “Mobile-PON: A High-Efficiency Low-Latency Mobile Fronthaul Based on Functional Split and TDM-PON with a Unified Scheduler,” OFC’17 Th3A.3.
Tburst
Tgap
Preferably: Tcycle<100 µs; Tburst<5 µs; Tgap<200 ns; |τerror|<12.5 ns.
High Bandwidth Low Latency Precise Sync. Network Slicing
eCPRI Transport Backhaul
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PON EvolutionHigh Bandwidth Low Latency Precise Sync. Network Slicing
eCPRI Transport Backhaul
25+G-PON2020?
GPON2005
XG (S) PON2010/2016
EPON2004
10G EPON2009
25/100G � Unified & Converged1G~2.5G
TWDM PON4x10G2016
100G?2020
25G-EPON2020
100G EPON2020?
Home
Business
Home
Business
High-Capacity
Low-Latency
PON
for 5G and VR
(25~100G/λ)
10G/40G
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OTN Solution
eCPRI over Optical Transport Network (OTN)
• No extra transmission device
• Massive fiber resources required
• No supervisory capability
• Multi 25Gbps transmission convergence via 100Gbps wavelength
• High Reliability and Quality OAM
• Easy for the future evolution
Fibers OTN RingPassive
Direct Fibers Passive WDM
High Bandwidth Low Latency Precise Sync. Network Slicing
eCPRI Transport Backhaul
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eCPRI over Optical Transport Network (OTN)
OTNFO
OTN Box
Spectrally efficient modulation: 2 X 10G components achieve 100G
f(Hz)
DMT algorithm improve spectrum efficiency.
DMT: Discrete Multi-Tone
100G
SFP+SFP+
SFP+SFP+
.
.
.Decode
SFP+
SFP+
oDSPOTN
FramerMUX/
DEMUXO/E
Signal treatment chip Optical module
High Bandwidth Low Latency Precise Sync. Network Slicing
eCPRI Transport Backhaul
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• 6 BS is All Frequency, connected to fiber• 12 BS are Sub6G only, connected to MW
Access Ring Bandwidth Estimations
65% of all radio sites will be connected by microwave in 2021
Source: Ericsson(2016) Research
AggregationN x λ 100G
CoreN x λ 200G
4G&5G
Metro DC
Core DC
Local DC MCE/MEC/5G Core UP/Controller
CDN/5G Core UP/Controller
Internet/MIoT/5G Core UP/Controller
• OTN provide Traffic Guarantee; Transport Architecture enable MBB, FBB and Enterprise business
• From 5G Phase I to Phase II, OTN network just adds wavelengths, with smooth evolution for the future
Phase I: Sub6G Spectrum Only
Phase II: Sub6G + Above 6GHz6 Fiber Node
12 MW Hops
• 18 BS are Sub6G only• 6 BS connect to the Fiber Ring, 12 BS connect to MW
Assume
Assume
Sub6G Sub6G + Above 6GHz
Peak/site: 9Gbps 35.4Gbps
5G Transport Network Bandwidth Requirements
18 x 9 = 162 Gbps
12 x 9 + 6 x 35.4 = 320.4 Gbps
Assume
OTN Simplified Network
AccessN x λ 100G
High Bandwidth Low Latency Precise Sync. Network Slicing
eCPRI Transport Backhaul
Above Calculation show the total Bandwidth requirement, OTN Solution support one hop through simplified network, which means multi- wavelength is needed
FBB
EnterpriseFBB
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High Bandwidth Low Latency Precise Sync. Network Slicing
Centralized Scheduling for Guaranteed Low Latency
Centralized Scheduling
MCE
NE Latency: OTN 30us, MW 50us, DC SW/Router 30us, Fiber 5us/kmIn instance, 5G traffic transport via one hops MW, 4 hops OTN, 150km fiber, the latency is below
[(50+30x4+30)+150x5] x 2 = 1900us = 1.9ms Meet the Auto Driving and eX2 performance requirements
Simplified Network
1ms 1ms1ms 1ms 1ms
CA/CoMPGainLatency
MCE eX2 Forwarding Latency
CA/CoMP
Guarantee Latency150km, < 2ms
Server/GW
Automated Driving
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Single-Fiber Bidirectional Transmission for Accurat e Sync. High Bandwidth Low Latency Precise Sync. Network Slicing
ePRTC
T-BC+ +/– 150 ns
• IEEE 1588 Master and Slave Clock Synch. Computing Dynamic △t1=t2-t1=Delay1-Offset Delay = (△t2 + △t1)/2 △t2=t4-t3=Delay2+Offset Offset = ( △t2 - △t1)/2
• Usually, Synch. signal transmit and receive terminal is transmit via two different fiber, compensation is needed for differential delay, which need OTDR during the deployment, If the uplink and downlink routing change, the Sync. Precision may lost.
• OTN supports IEEE 1588 Single-Fiber Bidirectional , which could simplified the Offset calculation guarantee ns level clock precision
Delay request packet
Synchronization packet
Delay response packet
t1,t2
t1,t2,t3
t1,t2,t3,t4
t1
t4
t2
t3
Transmit Terminal Receive Terminal
△t1
△t2
Clock server shift down to edge, reduce hops between cell sites and clock server
5G Era: ns level clock precision 1588 Single-Fiber Bidirectional
OTDR: optical time domain reflect meter
Scenario ServicesTiming
Requirement Impacts
5G High
frequency(above-
6G)
Basic 5G
service < ±500nsHandover failure
(high frequency)
5G Low
frequency(sub-6G)
Coordinated
features < ±150ns Zero gain
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Slicing Architectures for 5G
High Bandwidth Low Latency Precise Sync. Network Slicing
Network Functions
Transport-UP SOC-UPRAN-UP
Business Application
Business Model Design SLA Definition
Slice Function Define
Slice Template
Slice Topology Design
SLA Decomposition
E2E SliceManagement
User Plane
SDN-Controller SOC-CPRAN-CP
Control Plane
Physical Infrastructure
NFVI
RAN Hide Pipe Transport Core
Cloud-Native Architecture & Internet Architectural OperationAdaptive New Radio and Topology as a Service
• E2E Slice Management provide the 5G Slicing intelligent control• OTN Simplified Network provide L0/L1/L2 Slicing guarantee the SLA
Cloud BB
MCEMCE
BS
L0 Wavelength Slicing
L1 ODUk Slicing
L2 Slicing
λ
λ
λ ODUk
ETH
ODUk
L-DC M-DC R-DC
MCE/V2X Server IoT Server
CP UP
Cache
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2018FIFA,
Moscow
2018 Winter Olympics,
Korea
2020 Expo,Dubai
2020 Olympics,
Tokyo
More to Expect on Optical Networking for 5G …
Key features/directions:1) High bandwidth2) Low latency3) Accurate synchronization4) Service-specific optimization
via network slicing 5) Low total cost of ownership
(TCO)6) Easy management & fast
deployment7) Industry-wide cooperation
(e.g. CPRI, ON2020…)
Thank you!
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