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Hiccoughs and Homoeopathy
© Dr. Rajneesh Kumar Sharma M.D. (Homoeopathy)Dr. Reena Rawat B.H.M.S.Dr. Nancy Rastogi B.P.T., M.I.A.P.Homoeo Cure & Research Centre P. Ltd.NH 74, Moradabad Road, Kashipur (Uttaranchal)INDIA, Pin- 244713Ph. 05947- 260327, [email protected], [email protected]
Definition
Hiccough, singultus or hiccup is the state of having intermittent reflex spasm of the diaphragm,
accompanied by a rapid closure of the glottis during an inspiratory effort, producing an audible
sound.
Mechanism
Hiccup is a disorder of diaphragmatic movement, produced by an extraordinary type of
breathing movement involving a sudden inspiration due to an involuntary contraction of the
diaphragm and synchronous clonic spasm of intercostal muscles accompanied by closure of the
glottis of the larynx. Usually only one hemidiaphragm is involved, mostly left.
Types
Transient
Acute hiccoughs are due to sudden excitement, emotion, gastric distention, oesophageal
obstruction etc.
Persistent
These are also called chronic hiccups and have a number of causes and may be subcategorizedinto two groups-
Prolonged- more than 48 hours.
Intractable- more than 1 month.
Causes
Idiopathic
1. Unknown
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Psychogenic causes
1. Conversion disorders
2. Fear, shock and excitement
3. Hysteria
4. Malingering
5. Personality disorders
6. Psychogenic vomiting
7. Stress
Gastrointestinal: 1. Abdominal aortic aneurysm
2. Achalasia
3. Appendicitis
4. Cancer
5. Cancer
6. Candida esophagitis
7. Carcinoma
8. Cholecystitis
9. Cholelithiasis
10. Gastric distention
11. Gastric lesions
12. Hepatic lesions
13. Hepatitis
14. Hepatoma
15. Inflammatory bowel disease
16. Obstruction
17. Oesophageal lesions
18. Pancreatic lesions
19. Pancreatitis
20. Pseudocysts
21. Reflux esophagitis
22. Ulcer
Mediastinal and other thoracic lesions
1. Aortic aneurysm
2. Lung cancer
3. Mediastinal adenopathy
4.
Myocardial infarction
5. Pneumonia
6. Tuberculosis
Central nervous system
1. Arteriovenous malformations
2. Congenital malformations
3. Epilepsy
4. Infection- Meningitis and encephalitis
5. Malignancies- Secondaries and Brain tumours
6. Motion sickness
7. Multiple sclerosis8. Parkinson disease
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9. Raised Intracranial tension
10. Stroke- CVA, Subarachnoid hemorrhage
11. Trauma
12. Vascular lesions
13. Ventriculoperitoneal shunt
Diaphragmatic irritation
1. Empyema
2. Eventration
3. Hepatomegaly
4. Hiatus hernia
5. MI
6. Pericarditis
7. Peritonitis
8. Pneumonia
9. Splenomegaly
10. Subphrenic abscess11. Tumors
Ear, nose, and throat disorders
1. Goiter
2. Irritation of auditory canal
3. Laryngitis
4. Pharyngitis
5. Retropharyngeal/peritonsillar abscess
6. Tumor
Vagus nerve irritation1. Abdominal branches - Tumors, gastric distension, peptic ulcer, Acute aortic aneurysm,
infection, organomegaly, inflammations (e.g. appendicitis, cholecystitis, pancreatitis,
inflammatory bowel disease)
2. Auricular branches - Foreign body, hairs
3. Meningeal branches - Meningitis, glaucoma
4. Pharyngeal branches – Pharyngitis
5. Recurrent laryngeal nerve - Mass lesions in neck, goiter, laryngitis
6. Thoracic branches - Infection, tumors, reflux oesophagitis, MI, asthma, trauma, thoracic
aortic aneurysm, pacemaker- complications
Procedure/ Surgery/Anesthesia related
1. Craniotomy
2. Hyperextension of neck - Stretching phrenic nerve roots
3. Laparotomy
4. Manipulation of diaphragm or stomach
5. Thoracotomy
Metabolic
1. Fever
2. Gout
3. Hyperglycemia4. Hypocalcemia
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5. Hypocarbia
6. Hypokalemia
7. Hyponatremia
8. Uremia
Endocrine1. Addison’s disease
2. Diabetes
3. Thyrotoxicosis
Drugs
1. Alpha methyldopa
2. Antibiotics
3. Benzodiazepines
4. Chemotherapeutic agents
5. Dexamethasone
6. Digoxin7. Generalized anesthesia
8. NSAID
9. Short-acting barbiturates
Symptoms
1. Anxiety
2. Coma & stupor
3. Convulsions
4. Dizziness & giddiness5. Hallucinations
6. Hyperhidrosis
7. Malaise & fatigue
8. Pyrexia of unknown origin
9. Sleep disturbances
10. Syncope & collapse
Diagnosis
Detailed neurologic examination, CBC, serum creatinine, liver function tests, chest radiograph,CT of the head, chest, and abdomen, echocardiography, bronchoscopy, chest fluoroscopy and upper
endoscopy.
Treatment
1- Irritation of the nasopharynx by tongue traction, lifting the uvula with a spoon, catheter
stimulation of the nasopharynx, or swallowing one table spoon full of dry granulated sugar.
2- Interruption of the respiratory cycle by breath holding, Valsalva manoeuvre, sneezing,
gasping or fright stimulus, or rebreathing into a bag.
3- Stimulation of the vagus and carotid massage.
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4- Irritation of the diaphragm by holding knees to chest or by continuous positive airway
pressure during mechanical ventilation.
5- Relief of gastric distension by belching or insertion of a nasogastric tube.
Plan of Treatment of Hiccups
Homoeopathic remedies for Hiccough
acet-ac. Acon. acon-l. aegle-f. Aeth. aether Agar. agar-ph. Agn. alco. all-c. Alum. alum-p. alum-sil.
ambr. am-c. aml-ns. AM-M. amyg. anac. androc. ang. ant-c. ant-t. apis apoc. apom. arge-pl. arg-met.
Arg-n. arizon-l. Arn. ARS.ars-h. ARS-I. ars-s-f. arund. asaf. asar. aur. aur-ar. aur-i. aur-s. Bar-c. Bar-i.
bar-m. bar-s. Bell. benz-ac. erb. bism. bond. borx.bov. brom. Bry. bufo Caj. calad. Calc. calc-f. calc-i.
calc-sil. calen. camph. cann-s. canth. caps. carb-ac. Carb-an. carbn-s. carb-v. card-b. carl. castm.
caust. Cham. chel. Chin. chinin-ar. Chinin-s. Chlf. CIC. Cimx. cina cinch. cinnm. cob. coca cocain. Cocc.
Coff. colch. coloc. con. convo-s. cop. crot-h. crot-t. Cupr. Cupr-s. cur. CYCL. der. dig. Dios. Dros. dulc.
eug. Euph. euphr. eup-per. ferr-p. fil. gamb. GELS. Gins. gnaph. Graph. grat. ham. hell. hell-o. hep.
hura hydr. Hydr-ac. HYOS. IGN. indg. IOD. Ip. jab. Jatr-c. jug-r. kali-ar. Kali-bi. Kali-br. kali-c. Kali-i. kali-
m. kali-n. kali-s. kali-sil. kali-sula. Kreos. Lac-e. Lach. lac-h. lachn. lat-m. Laur. led. Lob. lob-s. LYC. lyss.
mag-c. Mag-m. MAG-P. mand. Marr-vg. Med. meny. meph. MERC. Merc-c. merc-cy. merc-n. mez.
mill. mit. Mosch. Mur-ac. narcot. narc-ps. nat-ar. NAT-AR. NAT-C. NAT-M. nat-s. NICC. nicc-met.
nicot. nit-ac. nit-ac. NUX-M. NUX-V. nux-v. oci-sa. oena. ol-suc. Op. orig. ox-ac. ozone papin. Par.
passi. pert-vc. petr. Ph-ac. Phos. phys. phyt. plat. plb. plect. positr. prot. Psor. ptel. Puls. RAN-B. ran-
s. Rat. rhus-t. Ruta sabad. sabin. sal-fr. sal-fr. samb. Sang. sars. scut. SEC. sel. Sep. Sil. sin-n. Spong.
Stann. Staph. STRAM. Stront-c. succ-xyz. Sul-ac. sul-i. Sulph. sumb. symph. TAB. Tarax. tarent. TEUCR.
thiam. thuj. til. tong. trif-p. tritic-vg. vanil. VERAT. Verat-v. Verb. wies. wye. Zinc. zinc-m. zinc-o. zinc-
p. Zinc-val.
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Repertory of Hiccoughs
ABDOMEN - COMPLAINTS of abdomen - accompanied by – hiccough borx.
ABDOMEN - DISTENSION - accompanied by – hiccough mag-p.
ABDOMEN - INFLAMMATION - Liver - accompanied by – hiccough Bell.
ABDOMEN - INFLAMMATION - Peritoneum - accompanied by – hiccough Hyos. Lyc.
ABDOMEN - PAIN - accompanied by – hiccough merc.
ABDOMEN - PAIN - cramping - accompanied by - hiccough hyos.
ABDOMEN - PAIN - hiccough, on - tearing pain plb.
ABDOMEN - PAIN - Liver - colic; gallstone - accompanied by – hiccough Chin.
ABDOMEN - PAIN - Sides - Flanks - hiccough; during - stitching pain borx.
ABDOMEN - PAIN - Sides - hiccough agg. - stitching pain bar-c.
BACK - HICCOUGH agg. teucr.
CHEST - HICCOUGH agg. am-m. stront-c. teucr.
CHEST - PAIN - Heart - Region of - hiccough agg. – burning agar.
CHEST - PAIN - hiccough agg. - stitching pain am-m.
CHEST - PAIN - hiccough agg. am-c. am-m. stront-c.
DREAMS - HICCOUGH; constant - relieve it; not able to pert-vc.
DREAMS - HICCOUGH; constant pert-vc.
EAR - HICCOUGH; after - agg. bell.
EAR - PAIN - hiccough agg. - pinching pain bell.
EAR - PAIN - hiccough agg. bell. tarent.
EXTREMITIES - CONVULSION - hiccough; after bell. cupr.
EXTREMITIES - PAIN - Toes - First - hiccoughs, from ph-ac.
EXTREMITIES - TENSION - hiccough; after con.
EYE - VOMITING - hiccough; and - agg. apis arn. asar. bry. chin. lyc. nux-v. puls. sep. sil. verat.
FEVER - SUCCESSION of stages - chill - followed by - heat - then perspiration - hiccough; then ars.
GENERALS - CONVULSIONS - epileptic - after epileptic convulsions; complaints – hiccough cic.
GENERALS - CONVULSIONS - hiccough; after cupr.GENERALS - HICCOUGH agg. acon. AM-M. bell. borx. Bry. cic. cocc. cupr. Cycl. Hyos. Ign. lyc. mag-m.
merc. nat-c. nux-m. Nux-v. par. puls. ran-b. ruta sars. spong. staph. stram. stront-c. sulph. Teucr.
verat. verb. zinc-val.
HEAD - CONCUSSION of brain - accompanied by – hiccough hyos. lyss.
HEAD - HICCOUGH agg. bry.
HEAD - INFLAMMATION - Meninges - accompanied by – hiccough Arn.
HEAD - MOTIONS of head - convulsive - hiccough, after bell.
HEAD - PAIN - accompanied by – hiccough aeth.
HEAD - PAIN - Forehead - hiccough agg. - pressing pain Bry.
HEAD - PAIN - hiccough - after - dull pain con.
HEAD - PAIN - hiccough - during - pressing pain Bry.HEARING - IMPAIRED - hiccough; after bell.
MIND - MOROSE - hiccough; during Agn.
MIND - RESTLESSNESS - night - hiccough; with Stram.
MIND - SADNESS - hiccough; with ruta
MIND - SHRIEKING - hiccough; with cic.
MIND - WEEPING - hiccough; from bell.
MOUTH - CONSTRICTION - accompanied by – hiccough cupr.
RECTUM - CHOLERA - accompanied by – hiccough Aeth. Arg-n. Cic. Cupr. Mag-p. Ph-ac. verat.
RECTUM - DIARRHEA - accompanied by – hiccough cinnm. Verat.
RESPIRATION - DIFFICULT - hiccoughs; interrupted by aeth.
RESPIRATION - HICCOUGH agg. puls.RESPIRATION - HICCOUGHING respiration nux-v.
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SLEEP - SLEEPLESSNESS - hiccough; with Nux-v.
SLEEP - YAWNING - hiccough, with aml-ns. carl. caust. cocc. crot-t. mag-c. nat-m.
STOMACH - CANCER - accompanied by – hiccough Carb-an.
STOMACH - COMPLAINTS of the stomach - accompanied by – hiccough Kali-bi.
STOMACH - ERUCTATIONS - hiccough; after ars.
STOMACH - ERUCTATIONS; TYPE OF - empty - alternating with – hiccough agar.STOMACH - ERUCTATIONS; TYPE OF - empty - evening - hiccough; during sulph.
STOMACH - ERUCTATIONS; TYPE OF - hiccough, like - dinner; after carb-an. plat.
STOMACH - ERUCTATIONS; TYPE OF - hiccough, like - eating; after cycl.
STOMACH - ERUCTATIONS; TYPE OF - hiccough, like agar. ant-t. bell. calc. canth. carb-an. Cupr. Cycl.
ham. Ign. lach. meph. merc. mez. plat. ran-b. sars. staph. sulph.
STOMACH - HEARTBURN - hiccough; during Nux-v.
STOMACH - HICCOUGH - accompanied by – convulsions bell. CIC. Cupr. HYOS. Ran-b. Stram.
STOMACH - HICCOUGH - accompanied by - Epigastrium; blows at teucr.
STOMACH - HICCOUGH - accompanied by – eructations ant-c. Caj. chin. cic. cycl. dios. ign. nux-v.
wye.
STOMACH - HICCOUGH - accompanied by - Eyes; red discoloration of apis arn. asar. bry. chin. lyc.nux-v. puls. sep. sil. verat.
STOMACH - HICCOUGH - accompanied by – perspiration bell.
STOMACH - HICCOUGH - accompanied by - saliva; profuse Lob.
STOMACH - HICCOUGH - accompanied by - Spine; complaints of Stram.
STOMACH - HICCOUGH - accompanied by - stretch; impulse to aml-ns.
STOMACH - HICCOUGH - accompanied by - Tongue - white discoloration of the tongue Nicc.
STOMACH - HICCOUGH - afternoon - 13 h bov. Verat-v.
STOMACH - HICCOUGH - afternoon - 14 h tarent. Verat-v.
STOMACH - HICCOUGH - afternoon - 15 h ptel.
STOMACH - HICCOUGH – afternoon agar. alum. am-c. am-m. ars. bar-c. bov. canth. carb-v. graph.
hyos. Ign. lyc. merc. mur-ac. nux-v. phos. sep. staph. sulph. vanil. zinc.STOMACH - HICCOUGH - alcoholic drinks; after RAN-B. sul-ac.
STOMACH - HICCOUGH - alternating with – eructations agar. bell. Bry. sep. wye.
STOMACH - HICCOUGH - back; with pain in teucr.
STOMACH - HICCOUGH - bed agg.; in lachn. nat-m. nicc. sil. Sulph.
STOMACH - HICCOUGH - bread and butter agg. nat-s.
STOMACH - HICCOUGH - breakfast agg.; after carl. tarent. zinc.
STOMACH - HICCOUGH - carried; when Kreos.
STOMACH - HICCOUGH - children; in borx. Ign. Ip. spong.
STOMACH - HICCOUGH - chill – after am-c. ars.
STOMACH - HICCOUGH - chill – during ars.
STOMACH - HICCOUGH – chronic stram. Zinc-val.
STOMACH - HICCOUGH - coffee - amel. hydr-ac.
STOMACH - HICCOUGH - cold drinks agg.; after ars. lac-h. puls.
STOMACH - HICCOUGH - cold; after taking a phos.
STOMACH - HICCOUGH - continued - pregnancy agg.; during op.
STOMACH - HICCOUGH - continued - two years almost uninterrupted, eighteen to twenty times a
inute; since Nicc.
STOMACH - HICCOUGH – continued caust. merc-cy. verat-v.
STOMACH - HICCOUGH – convulsive aeth. ars. bell. GELS. Mag-p. nux-v. Ran-b. stram. tab. wies.
STOMACH - HICCOUGH - cough – after ang. TAB. trif-p.
STOMACH - HICCOUGH - cough - during - agg. ang. lach. Puls. tab.
STOMACH - HICCOUGH – daytime nit-ac. petr. phos.
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STOMACH - HICCOUGH - dinner - after - agg. alum. am-m. arn. bov. carb-ac. carb-v. cob. dulc. graph.
grat. hyos. indg. Mag-m. Mur-ac. nat-c. Phos. sars. Teucr. tong.
STOMACH - HICCOUGH - dinner – before mag-m. Mur-ac. nux-v.
STOMACH - HICCOUGH - dinner - during - agg. cycl. grat. Mag-m. nat-c.
STOMACH - HICCOUGH - drinking - after - agg. acon. Ign. lach. merc-c. Nux-v. Puls. sul-ac. thuj.
STOMACH - HICCOUGH - drinking - after - cold water - agg. thuj.STOMACH - HICCOUGH - drinking - after - water - agg. alum. ign. merc-c. thuj.
STOMACH - HICCOUGH - drunkards; in Hyos. Ran-b. sul-ac.
STOMACH - HICCOUGH - during - agg. Mag-m. teucr.
STOMACH - HICCOUGH - eating - after - agg. acon. alum-p. Alum. am-m. arn. ars-s-f. ars. bar-c. bell.
borx. bov. Bry. Carb-an. carb-v. carl. cob. Cocc. con. cop. Cycl. fil. Graph. ham. hep. hura HYOS. Ign.
Lac-e. lyc. mag-m. merc. nat-ar. nat-c. nat-m. nat-s. Nux-v. Par. phos. prot. psor. rat. sal-fr. samb.
sars. Sep. sil. stann. staph. sulph. symph. Teucr. thuj. verat. zinc-p. zinc.
STOMACH - HICCOUGH - eating - before - agg. bov. Phos. sil.
STOMACH - HICCOUGH - eating - overeating agg.; after cycl. ign. nux-v. puls.
STOMACH - HICCOUGH - eating - while - agg. Cycl. eug. lac-h. mag-m. merc. nat-c. samb. teucr. tritic-
vg.STOMACH - HICCOUGH - emotions; after Ign.
STOMACH - HICCOUGH - eructations – after Agar. alum. bry. carb-an. cycl. ox-ac. rhus-t. sep. til.
STOMACH - HICCOUGH - eructations - amel. carb-an. ham. zinc.
STOMACH - HICCOUGH - eructations - ineffectual; after cocc.
STOMACH - HICCOUGH - evening - 17-20 h phys.
STOMACH - HICCOUGH - evening - 18 h ham. nat-c. sars.
STOMACH - HICCOUGH - evening - 18.30 h mag-c.
STOMACH - HICCOUGH - evening - bed agg.; in nat-m. nicc. sil. sulph.
STOMACH - HICCOUGH - evening - fasting agg. sulph.
STOMACH - HICCOUGH - evening - followed by drowsiness lob.
STOMACH - HICCOUGH –
evening aeth. alum. coff. gels. graph. ign. kali-bi. Kali-i. lach. Lob. mag-c.nat-c. nat-s. NICC. petr. rhus-t. sars. sep. sil. staph. sulph. vanil. Zinc.
STOMACH - HICCOUGH - exertion agg.; after calc. carb-v.
STOMACH - HICCOUGH - fever – after ars. lach.
STOMACH - HICCOUGH - fever – before calc.
STOMACH - HICCOUGH - fever - during - agg. ars. crot-h. Mag-p.
STOMACH - HICCOUGH - fever - hour when the fever ought to come; at the ARS.
STOMACH - HICCOUGH - flatulence agg. ruta
STOMACH - HICCOUGH - followed by – asthma cupr.
STOMACH - HICCOUGH - followed by - Head - convulsions of head bell.
STOMACH - HICCOUGH - followed by – intussusception plb.
STOMACH - HICCOUGH - followed by – nausea cupr.
STOMACH - HICCOUGH - followed by - Stomach; pain in papin.
STOMACH - HICCOUGH - followed by – vomiting jab.
STOMACH - HICCOUGH - food - fat, from jug-r.
STOMACH - HICCOUGH - forenoon - 11 h ox-ac.
STOMACH - HICCOUGH - forenoon - eating; after bar-c. nat-s.
STOMACH - HICCOUGH – forenoon am-c. ars. bar-c. mag-c. merc. mur-ac. nux-v. phos. vanil. zinc.
STOMACH - HICCOUGH – frequent ars. cina merc. prot. ran-b. staph.
STOMACH - HICCOUGH - fruit; after cold ars. Puls.
STOMACH - HICCOUGH – greasy Lyc. stront-c.
STOMACH - HICCOUGH – hysterical gels. Ign. mosch. nux-m. zinc-val.
STOMACH - HICCOUGH – incomplete arn. caust. dig. mag-c.
STOMACH - HICCOUGH - inspiration agg. ang.
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STOMACH - HICCOUGH - intermittent – after Hyos.
STOMACH - HICCOUGH – intermittent caust.
STOMACH - HICCOUGH - lasting - seconds; a few prot.
STOMACH - HICCOUGH - laughing agg. calc.
STOMACH - HICCOUGH – loud cic. ign. ozone
STOMACH - HICCOUGH - menses; after stram.STOMACH - HICCOUGH - morning - fasting agg. kali-n. sulph.
STOMACH - HICCOUGH - morning - rising agg.; after gamb. graph. mag-c.
STOMACH - HICCOUGH – morning acon. all-c. apoc. cann-s. kali-n. spong. verat.
STOMACH - HICCOUGH - motion agg. carb-v. merc-c.
STOMACH - HICCOUGH - night - midnight – before kali-c.
STOMACH - HICCOUGH - night – midnight bell. hyos.
STOMACH - HICCOUGH - night - sleep agg.; during puls.
STOMACH - HICCOUGH - night - urination, with involuntary hyos.
STOMACH - HICCOUGH – night apoc. ars. bell. carb-an. HYOS. merc-c. merc. puls. sul-ac. vanil.
STOMACH - HICCOUGH – noon kali-c. sil. sulph.
STOMACH - HICCOUGH - nursing the child agg.; after borx. HYOS. stram. teucr.STOMACH - HICCOUGH - operation, after abdominal Hyos.
STOMACH - HICCOUGH – painful Acon. Am-m. borx. carb-v. Cimx. hyos. mag-m. mag-p. nat-c. Nicc.
Phos. Rat. stront-c. Sul-ac. sulph. tab. teucr. Verat-v.
STOMACH - HICCOUGH – paroxysmal ign.
STOMACH - HICCOUGH - periodical - once a day; at least prot.
STOMACH - HICCOUGH – periodical ars.
STOMACH - HICCOUGH - perspiration, after ars.
STOMACH - HICCOUGH - pork, after ham.
STOMACH - HICCOUGH - pregnancy agg.; during Cycl. Op. Puls.
STOMACH - HICCOUGH - quinine; after Nat-m.
STOMACH - HICCOUGH - reading aloud, while cycl.STOMACH - HICCOUGH - retching, with jatr-c. mag-p. merc. nux-v.
STOMACH - HICCOUGH - sitting up in bed agg. Kreos.
STOMACH - HICCOUGH - sleep agg.; during calc. cina ign. Merc-c. puls.
STOMACH - HICCOUGH - smoking - after - agg. ant-c. arg-met. calc. calen. Ign. ip. puls. sel.
STOMACH - HICCOUGH - smoking - agg. - eating; before sel.
STOMACH - HICCOUGH - smoking - agg. ambr. ant-c. arg-met. calad. Ign. ip. kali-br. lach. psor. Puls.
ruta Sang. scut. sel. sep. stann. Staph. sul-ac. verat.
STOMACH - HICCOUGH - soup agg. alum. symph.
STOMACH - HICCOUGH – spasmodic ars. Bell. cic. Nux-v. op. Puls. ran-b. SEC. Stram. teucr. Verat.
STOMACH - HICCOUGH - spasms – before bell. cupr.
STOMACH - HICCOUGH - spasms - Esophagus, of verat-v.
STOMACH - HICCOUGH - suffocative - accompanied by - Abdomen; cramping pain in verat.
STOMACH - HICCOUGH - supper - after - agg. alum. cob. coca con. lyc. sep. staph.
STOMACH - HICCOUGH - supper - beginning of; at con.
STOMACH - HICCOUGH - tea; after lach.
STOMACH - HICCOUGH - thinking about it, on ox-ac.
STOMACH - HICCOUGH - typhoid fever; during mag-p. phos.
STOMACH - HICCOUGH - unconscious, when cupr.
STOMACH - HICCOUGH - urination agg.; during hyos.
STOMACH - HICCOUGH - vexation; with agn.
STOMACH - HICCOUGH – violent am-c. Am-m. calc-f. chinin-s. Cic. Cycl. hyos. lob. Lyc. mag-m. Mag-
p. Merc-c. mur-ac. nat-c. NAT-M. NICC. Nux-v. petr. Puls. ran-b. rat. STRAM. stront-c. sul-ac. teucr.
vanil. verat-v. verat. zinc.
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Hiccups (Singultus) CURRENT Medical Dx & Tx > Chapter 15. Gastrointestinal Disorders >
Symptoms & Signs of Gastrointestinal Disease
Hiccups Tintinalli's Emergency Medicine > Chapter 65. Respiratory Distress
Hiccups (Singultus) Clinician's Pocket Reference > Chapter 3. Differential Diagnosis: Symptoms,
Signs, and Conditions
Indigestion, Hiccups, and Dysphagia Hurst's The Heart > Chapter 14. The History, Physical
Examination, and Cardiac Auscultation > The History > Symptoms Caused by Cardiovascular Disease
Key Sign Hiccup DeGowin's Diagnostic Examination > Chapter 8. The Chest: Chest Wall,
Pulmonary, and Cardiovascular Systems; The Breasts > Chest Wall, Pulmonary, and CardiovascularSystems > Chest, Cardiovascular and Respiratory Signs > Lung, Pleura, and Respiratory Signs >
Inspection
Hiccup (singultus) is a poorly understood phenomenon. It does not seem to serve any useful...
Adams and Victor's Neurology > Chapter 26. Disorders of the Autonomic Nervous System,
Respiration, and Swallowing > Nervous System Control of Respiration > The Central Respiratory
Motor Mechanisms > Aberrant Respiratory Patterns
Hiccup is a spasmodic contraction of the diaphragm and other inspiratory muscles that...
Ganong's Review of Medical Physiology, 24e > Chapter 36. Regulation of Respiration > NonchemicalInfluences on Respiration > Respiratory Components of Visceral Reflexes