HEADER / FOOTER INFORMATION (SUCH AS PRIVATE / CONFIDENTIAL)
Panel 5: Simulations and Training
Go for Lunar Landing: From Terminal Descent to TouchdownMarch 5, 2008 - Tempe, AZ
Henry HoehNorthrop Grumman CorporationIntegrated System - Bethpage, NY
2
Apollo Lunar Module Design Evolution
• Proposal Design was a Starting Point for Additional Development• Mockups, Simulations and Test Articles Helped Drive Design:
• Optimize Human Machine Interfaces (HMI)• Optimize CONOPS• Provide Crew Training
• Simulations:• Validated GN&C Operational Performance• Validated Crew Interaction with the GN&C Hardware/Software• Provided Crew Mission Training• Performed Stand-by Mission Support• Performed Flight Anomaly Resolution
Proposal 1963 1965 Final
Original LM Cabin with Seats
3
Apollo LM Mockups, Test Models, Test Articles, Sims & Flight Vehicles
M-1 Controller tests TM-1 InteriorTM-1 Lunar Access TestsLTA-8 Vacuum Test
Flying Simulator
1/6 Descent Stage LandingStability Drop Test Article
M-5 Mobility Tests
4
Apollo LM Mockups, Test Models, Test Articles, Sims & Flight Vehicles (cont.)
6 Mockups (M) 15 Test Models (TM) 6+ Simulations (4+ Grumman,1+ NASA, 1+ Draper) 8 Lunar Module Test Articles (LTA) 5 LLRV/LLTVs LM Rendezvous & Docking Simulator
NASA CSM & LM Simulators
5
Apollo Lunar Module Full Mission Engineering Simulator (FMES)
Cockpit Mockup
Flight Attitude Table
Artist Paints Crater Details for Simulator Lunar Surface
Optical Alignment of Lunar Surface Representations in Simulator
6
Apollo-era Outpost Concept
Full-Scale Lunar Laboratory at Grumman Facility in Calverton, NY
7
Example of Modern Sim (& GN&C) Tech F-35 Joint Strike Fighter (JSF) STOVL Config
Modern Design & Technology Implied to a Vertical Landing Vehicle Simulators Very Representative of Flight Vehicle GN&C Design Employs Dynamic Inversion & Multi-Variable Control Not Suggesting the F-35 Be Used as a LLTV