Helsinki University of TechnologyInternal Combustion Engine Laboratory
Internal Combustion Engine Laboratory– Located in the Department of Mechanical
Engineering and in the Group of Vehicle Engineering
– The only university level research and education unit for advanced engine technology in Finland
– Personnel in 2006: 7+8+5
Courses 2007-2008
· Experimental Methods (BSc) 5 cr
· Internal Combustion Engine Fundamentals (MSc) 5 cr· Piston Engine Technology (MSc) 5 cr· Simulation of Internal Combustion (MSc) 5 cr· Laboratory Exersizes (MSc) 5 cr
· Advanced Spray Combustion Modeling (PhD) 10 cr· Engine Combustion Diagnostics (PhD) 10 cr· Post Graduate Seminar (PhD) 5 cr
Internal Combustion Engine Laboratory
Main research interests
· In-cylinder physical phenomena: spray, combustion and emission formation, computational and experimental research
· Engine performance development, computational and experimental research
· Piston technology, thermal load, tribology computational and experimental research
Diesel Combustion andJohn Dec’s conceptual model
Performance Simulation,1D-fluid mechanics, turbocharging
Combustion Modeling with CFD,3-d fluid mechanics with spray,
combustion and emission sub-models
Optical Diagnostics,PIV/LIF measurements in HUT
Double-pulse Nd-Yag laser and high speed camcordersand analyzing software
Optical access in engine
New Unique Research Engine, EVE
IEA Combustion AgreementMeeting in Helsinki 2004
Polttoainesuihkun dynamiikka2004-2006
· Yhteistyöhanke ja tutkijanvaihtoa
· Polttoainesuihkun fysiikka erityisesti lähellä suutinta
SAE Paper 2003-01-3231
Martti Larmi, Jukka Tiainen Helsinki University of Technology
Diesel Spray Simulation and KH-RT Wave Model
Fuel Spray, exp. and simulated
KH-RT Wave Model
RD Wave Model
SAE 2003-01-3231
Dimensionless numbers
σρ ru
We rg2
=
rOh
l
lσρµ
=
σρ ruWe rl
l2
=
l
rll
ruReµ
ρ=ll ReWeOh /=
SAE 2003-01-3231
Breakup Regimes
Breakup regime Weber numberDeformation and flattening …12Bag breakup 12…80Boundary layer or “shear” breakup 80…Stretching and thinning 80…350Catastrophic breakup 350…
Table from Lee and Reitz, 2000
SAE 2003-01-3231
Bag Breakup
Picture from Lefebre: Atomization and sprays, 1989
SAE 2003-01-3231
Streching and thinning
Picture from Lee and Reitz, 2000
SAE 2003-01-3231
Catastrophic Breakup
Picture from Lee and Reitz, 2000
SAE 2003-01-3231
0.0
50.0
100.0
150.0
200.0
250.0
300.0
350.0
0.0 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 70.0
Distance downstream nozzle [mm]
SM
D [ µ
m]KH-RTRD
SAE 2003-01-3231
0.010.020.030.040.050.060.070.080.0
0.0 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 10.0 12.0 14.0
Distance from spray axis [mm]
SM
D [ µ
m]KH-RTRDExperimental
SAE 2003-01-3231
SAE 2003-01-3231
SAE Paper 2006-01-1390
Ville Vuorinen, Martti Larmi, Eero Antila, Ossi Kaario Helsinki University of TechnologyEssam El-Hannouny, Sreenath GuptaArgonne National Laboratory
Near Nozzle Diesel Spray Modeling and X-Ray Measurements
Argonne National Laboratories,X-Ray Measurements
SAE 2006-01-1390
Early Injection Phase Fuel Mass Distribution
SAE 2006-01-1390
−500 0 5000
1
2
3
y (µ m)Mas
s o
n t
he
Pix
el A
rea
(µ g
)
−−=theory: round liquid tubez=0.20mmz=0.80mmz=2.00mmz=10.00mm
(a) 0.4ms
−500 0 5000
1
2
3
y (µ m)
(b) 0.8ms
−500 0 5000
1
2
3
y (µ m)
(c) 1.5ms
−500 0 5000
1
2
3
y (µ m)
(d) 2.7ms
Fuel Mass Distribution, X-Ray
SAE 2006-01-1390
Droplet SMD, CAB model
−0.5 0 0.50
0.2
0.4
0.6 (a) 75µ s
CAB
Cλ=5.5
y (cm)
z (c
m)
µ m
20
40
60
80
100
−0.5 0 0.50
0.5
1
1.5
2
(b) 0.15ms
−0.5 0 0.50
0.5
1
1.5
2
(c) 0.4ms
−0.5 0 0.50
0.5
1
1.5
2
(d) 1.2ms
SAE 2006-01-1390
Droplet SMD, KHRT
−0.5 0 0.50
0.2
0.4
0.6 (a) 75µ s
KHRT
C3=4.0
y (cm)
z (c
m)
µ m
20
40
60
80
100
−0.5 0 0.50
0.5
1
1.5
2
(b) 0.15ms
−0.5 0 0.50
0.5
1
1.5
2
(c) 0.4ms
−0.5 0 0.50
0.5
1
1.5
2
(d) 1.2ms
SAE 2006-01-1390
−4 −3 −2 −1 0 1 2 3 40
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
Mas
s (µ
g)
y (mm)
o− = CAB/Cλ=5.5
.− = KHRT/C3=5.33
* = experimental peak
values and errorbars
by El−Hannouny et al.
SAE 2003−01−3150
z∼ 0.5−1.0mm
z∼ 2.0−3.0mm
z∼ 10.0mm
SAE 2006-01-1390
