Download - Hegemony of the Local
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the hegemony of the local in taiwan's indigenous language policy
台灣原住民語言政策的在地霸權
第七屆臺灣語言及其教學國際學術研討會9月 6-7日 2008年台北,台灣
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p. kerim friedman 傅可恩kerim.oxus.net
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ci.ndhu.edu.tw
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savageminds.org
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fournineandahalf.com
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3 ways to see language rights
(according to joseph errington)
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place
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ecology
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human rights
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place
• traditional knowledge
• lexicon
• villagers (not migrants)
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ecology
• diversity
• grammar
• sum of human knowledge (vs. local needs)
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human rights
• individual
• choice
• collectivities (indigenous communities vs. migrant groups)
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台灣
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multiculturalism
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place-based multiculturalism
imported from japan in the 1990s
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why?
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chinese nationalism
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taiwan ≠ china
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taiwan ≠ china !?
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new social movements
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李登輝
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passive revolution
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本土化
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“start learning from the immediate environment, then extend the scope step
by step to local culture and the main ethnic groups of society, extending it then
to the knowledge of the culture of all ethnic groups that compose the territory
and the nation. only then can one understand the world’s culture.”
Kuo Wei-fan 郭為藩, 1996
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compromise
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consequences
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state ➔ local
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linguistic hierarchy
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division vs. unity
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state ➔ local
• 1994 認識台灣 textbooks (too hard!)
• 2001 九年一貫 decentralization (more work for teachers!)
• emphasis on “special characteristics” 特性 of local communities (requires $$$)
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linguistic markets
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linguistic hierarchy
• english
• (japanese & european languages)
• chinese
• taiwanese
• hakka
• indigenous languages
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division vs. unity
• aboriginal language certification 原住民語言能力認證 in 42 languages
• difficulty producing teaching materials and training teachers
• political division
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conclusion
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aotearoa/new zealand
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waitangi tribunal 1984
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taha maori
• move away from “ethnic additive” approach
• 767 pre-schools with 14,000 students in 1996
• now includes higher education as well
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autonomy
• linguistic homogenous
• same population but larger percentage of the whole (15% vs. 2%)
• “negotiated power sharing” vs. decentralization
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謝謝!slideshare.com/kerim
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