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Heatstroke
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• Introduction• Heat and
Health• Heatstroke • Conclusion
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• In Malaysia the climate is equatorial with hot, humid and rainy throughout the year
• Severe heatwaves in 2016 resulted in health impacts
• Increased no. of heat related illness
Hot weather/
heatwaves
Physical exertion
Vehicular heatingType situations can cause
heath related illness
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Excessive atmospheric temperature
High humidity
Radiant solar load
Limited air movement
Metabolic workload
Normal core temperature ~
37°C/ 99°F
Overwhelm thermoregulate
Heat stroke/
Vehicular
Hyperthermia
Exertional
heat stroke
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• Older adults
• Infants and young children
Age group
• People with chronic illnesses or who are physically impaired
• People taking certain medications that affect heat sensitivity
Existing health conditions
Socially disadvantaged individuals
• Low income earners, homeless people, people living alone)
Living condition
• Occupational exposures (e.g. farmers, construction workers)
• Transient population (tourist)
• Those who are physically active
Outdoor exposure
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Children are not miniature adults
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Physiological characteristic
• Faster heat gain from the environment, if ambient T > skin T (>surface-area : body-weight)
• Inability to increase cardiac output
• Reduced sweating
• Increased body heat production during physical activity
Behavioural characteristic
• Do not understand danger
• Dependence on caregiver to recognize heat impacts and take recommended actions
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Normal core temperature ~
37°C/ 99°F
Appropriate treatment
starts without delay
70% heat stroke
Heat related illness is a medical emergency
High mortality
100% Survival rates
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Minor
• Prickly heat
• Heat syncope
• Heat cramps
• Heat exhaustion
Major
• Heat stroke
A group of disorder
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• Painful, involuntary, spasmodic contractions of skeletal muscle (calves, thighs and shoulder)
• Occur in individuals sweating profusely and only drinking water or hypotonic solutions
• Limited duration
• Limited to certain muscle group
Heat cramp
• Headache, Nausea, Vomiting
• Malaise, Dizziness
• Muscle cramps
• Temperature less than 40 °C or normal
• May progress to heat stroke if fails to improve with treatment
• No Central Nervous System (CNS) involvement
Heat exhaustion
• Core body temperature greater than 40 °C
• Signs of Central Nervous System dysfunction (Confusion, Delirium, Ataxia, Seizures)
• Coma
• Other late clinical findings that can occur (Anhidrosis, Coagulopathy, Multiple organ failure)
Heat Stroke
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Feeling unwell/ sick Easily irritable Floppy and sleepy
Refused orally/ loss of appetite
Dehydration – less urinary outpuy, dry
skin
Excessive sweating and pale, clammy
skin
Fast breathing or pulse
The symptoms are the same in adults
- less specific symptoms/ signs
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Rapid reduction of the core body temperature
Heatstroke is a medical emergency and continues to be one of
the leading causes of preventable death
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• Tips when driving with children during hot weather
• Avoid direct sun exposure
• Use shades on your car windows to protect your child from the sun
• Well Hydrate
• Give your child plenty of water to drink during car trips
• Dress your child in light colored, cool, comfortable, loose-fitting clothing
• Drive with running air conditioner
• Do not leave your children unattended in a vehicle
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• Infant and young children are vulnerable to heat due to their physiological and behavioural characteristics
• Vehicular hyperthermia is preventable ~ parents/ care giver should never leave their children in unattended vehicle
• Heat related illness is a group of disorder
• In case of vehicular heating exposure, immediate first aid/ rapid cooling and transport patient to the nearest health facility
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