Download - Hearing and Vision Impairments
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Hearing and Vision Hearing and Vision ImpairmentsImpairments
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Defining Hearing LossDefining Hearing Loss• Dear and hard of hearing describes hearing loss
• Unilateral or bilateral• IDEA defines deafness as a hearing impairment that is so severe that the student is impaired in processing linguistic information through hearing, with or without amplification and that adversely affects the student’s education performance
• The severity of hearing loss is measured through decibels (dB)– Deaf=70-90 dB– Harding of hearing =20-70 dB
• Congenital deafness is a rare condition• Deaf community prefers term “deaf child” to hearing impaired
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Determining the CausesDetermining the Causes• Congenital• Acquired• Genetic causes• Prenatal causes
– Hypoxia– Rubella– Other illnesses– Premature infants
• Postnatal causes– Bacterial meningitis– Acute otitis media (ear infections)
• Postlingual casues– Trauma to skull, excessive noise
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Determining the Determining the PresencePresence
• Diagnostic Assessment– Screen all newborns for hearing loss before 1 month of age
– Evaluate all infants who screen positive before 3 months of age
– Early interventions (initiated before 6 months)
• Medical personnel– Otologist (physician)– Audiologist (measures hearing)
• Hearing aides Cochlear implants
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Big IssuesBig Issues
• Cochlear implant– http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ECT6FY4cby0&feature=related
– http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5pfQhyy6c7Y&feature=related
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Determining the Nature of Determining the Nature of Specially Designed Specially Designed
Instruction and ServicesInstruction and Services• Educational evaluation• How hearing is tested– Audiometer– Audiogram (behavioral)– Typanograph– Speech audiometry
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Vision ImpairmentVision Impairment
• Defining Visual Impairments– Two different definitions• Legal definition
– Based on acuity and filed of vision
– IDEA definition• Low vision• Functionally blind• Totally blind
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CharacteristicsCharacteristics
• Incidental Learning– The way sighted children naturally learn about their environment
– Lack of incidental learning skills can impact the development of motor, language, cognitive and social skills
• Limitations in range and variety of experiences
• Limitations in the ability to get around
• Limitations in interactions with the environment
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Determining the causesDetermining the causes
• Congenital vision impairments– Occur at birth or before vision memories have been established
• Adventitious vision impairments– When a person has had normal vision but then acquires a vision loss
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Determining the Determining the presencepresence
• Determining how a student uses vision– FVA– Provides more concrete information about a student’s vision that may help in making IEP decisions
• Determining the appropriate reading medium– Finding the appropriate learning medium (learning medium assessment)• Braille, print, audiotapes, and access technology
– Allows the IEP team to know needed accomodations
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Determining the Nature of Determining the Nature of Specially Designed Specially Designed
Instruction and ServicesInstruction and Services• Expanded Core Curriculum
– Compensatory and Communication Skills– Social and interaction skills– Orientation and mobility skills
• Informal assessments should include the student’s ability to function independently
• Assessments should include the age-appropriateness of tasks– What are the student’s peers doing?– Determine skills typically learned through incidental learning, analyze task involvement, and begin teaching these tasks earlier
• Avoid making assumptions about a student’s previously acquired learning