![Page 1: Hacking Quantum Key Distribution Hardware › public › download › kaiser... · Hacking Quantum Key Distribution Hardware or How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Burn Things with](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052518/5f0de4e47e708231d43c9b4f/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Hacking Quantum Key Distribution Hardware
or How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Burn Things with Lasers
@crazy4pi314
![Page 2: Hacking Quantum Key Distribution Hardware › public › download › kaiser... · Hacking Quantum Key Distribution Hardware or How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Burn Things with](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052518/5f0de4e47e708231d43c9b4f/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
about-me.md
![Page 3: Hacking Quantum Key Distribution Hardware › public › download › kaiser... · Hacking Quantum Key Distribution Hardware or How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Burn Things with](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052518/5f0de4e47e708231d43c9b4f/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Quantum Technology#bitcoin #buzzwords #FOMO #Blessed
Ph
oto
Cred
it: Micro
soft
![Page 4: Hacking Quantum Key Distribution Hardware › public › download › kaiser... · Hacking Quantum Key Distribution Hardware or How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Burn Things with](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052518/5f0de4e47e708231d43c9b4f/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
What can quantum tech do for information security?
Factoring large numbers
☺ Securely exchanging cryptographic keys
![Page 5: Hacking Quantum Key Distribution Hardware › public › download › kaiser... · Hacking Quantum Key Distribution Hardware or How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Burn Things with](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052518/5f0de4e47e708231d43c9b4f/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Exchanging quantum keys
![Page 6: Hacking Quantum Key Distribution Hardware › public › download › kaiser... · Hacking Quantum Key Distribution Hardware or How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Burn Things with](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052518/5f0de4e47e708231d43c9b4f/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
• Objective: share a secret key between Alice and Bob
photons
Quantum Key Distribution (QKD)
Alice Bob
Classical
Quantum
PROVABLE SECURITY!Good reviews: doi.org/10/bjxpf6, doi.org/10/dshjwp , and bit.ly/qsharp-book
![Page 7: Hacking Quantum Key Distribution Hardware › public › download › kaiser... · Hacking Quantum Key Distribution Hardware or How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Burn Things with](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052518/5f0de4e47e708231d43c9b4f/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
QKD protocol : BB84
Alice Bob
Alice sends
Bob measures
Matches?
![Page 8: Hacking Quantum Key Distribution Hardware › public › download › kaiser... · Hacking Quantum Key Distribution Hardware or How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Burn Things with](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052518/5f0de4e47e708231d43c9b4f/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
The ID Quantique QKD system
![Page 9: Hacking Quantum Key Distribution Hardware › public › download › kaiser... · Hacking Quantum Key Distribution Hardware or How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Burn Things with](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052518/5f0de4e47e708231d43c9b4f/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Quantum hacking
![Page 11: Hacking Quantum Key Distribution Hardware › public › download › kaiser... · Hacking Quantum Key Distribution Hardware or How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Burn Things with](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052518/5f0de4e47e708231d43c9b4f/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
The IBM QKD proof of concept device (~1992)
![Page 12: Hacking Quantum Key Distribution Hardware › public › download › kaiser... · Hacking Quantum Key Distribution Hardware or How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Burn Things with](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052518/5f0de4e47e708231d43c9b4f/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Ways to break hardware assumptions
Known quantum attacks:
• Timing doi:10/c97d7r
• Detector control doi:10/d6cgxf
• Multi-wavelength doi:10/fnqkhz
![Page 13: Hacking Quantum Key Distribution Hardware › public › download › kaiser... · Hacking Quantum Key Distribution Hardware or How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Burn Things with](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052518/5f0de4e47e708231d43c9b4f/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
The ID Quantique QKD system
![Page 14: Hacking Quantum Key Distribution Hardware › public › download › kaiser... · Hacking Quantum Key Distribution Hardware or How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Burn Things with](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052518/5f0de4e47e708231d43c9b4f/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
http://thirdmonk.net/high-culture/leslie-nielsen-gifs.html
GET THE LASERS!!!
![Page 15: Hacking Quantum Key Distribution Hardware › public › download › kaiser... · Hacking Quantum Key Distribution Hardware or How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Burn Things with](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052518/5f0de4e47e708231d43c9b4f/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Recipe for “disabling” the monitoring diodes
1. Test each optical fiber component to see how much power they can reallyhandle
2. Characterize the behavior of the monitoring diodes
3. Determine ideal attack conditions
4. Profit! (try a full attack)
![Page 16: Hacking Quantum Key Distribution Hardware › public › download › kaiser... · Hacking Quantum Key Distribution Hardware or How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Burn Things with](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052518/5f0de4e47e708231d43c9b4f/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
FIRE THE LASERS
Experiment results
![Page 17: Hacking Quantum Key Distribution Hardware › public › download › kaiser... · Hacking Quantum Key Distribution Hardware or How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Burn Things with](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052518/5f0de4e47e708231d43c9b4f/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Step 1. Test each optical fiber component
How much power can they handle?
• Fiber + Splices
• Connectors
• Splitters
• Attenuators
Answer: All we could throw at them! (~15 W CW)
![Page 18: Hacking Quantum Key Distribution Hardware › public › download › kaiser... · Hacking Quantum Key Distribution Hardware or How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Burn Things with](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052518/5f0de4e47e708231d43c9b4f/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Sooooo much laser power….
![Page 19: Hacking Quantum Key Distribution Hardware › public › download › kaiser... · Hacking Quantum Key Distribution Hardware or How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Burn Things with](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052518/5f0de4e47e708231d43c9b4f/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
![Page 20: Hacking Quantum Key Distribution Hardware › public › download › kaiser... · Hacking Quantum Key Distribution Hardware or How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Burn Things with](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052518/5f0de4e47e708231d43c9b4f/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Side quest: Fiber Fusing
@crazy4pi314
![Page 21: Hacking Quantum Key Distribution Hardware › public › download › kaiser... · Hacking Quantum Key Distribution Hardware or How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Burn Things with](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052518/5f0de4e47e708231d43c9b4f/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Step 2. Testing the monitoring diodes
![Page 22: Hacking Quantum Key Distribution Hardware › public › download › kaiser... · Hacking Quantum Key Distribution Hardware or How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Burn Things with](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052518/5f0de4e47e708231d43c9b4f/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Investigating monitoring photodiode damage
New Detector Post-attack detector
![Page 23: Hacking Quantum Key Distribution Hardware › public › download › kaiser... · Hacking Quantum Key Distribution Hardware or How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Burn Things with](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052518/5f0de4e47e708231d43c9b4f/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
SEM images of the photodiode
That will work!
![Page 24: Hacking Quantum Key Distribution Hardware › public › download › kaiser... · Hacking Quantum Key Distribution Hardware or How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Burn Things with](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052518/5f0de4e47e708231d43c9b4f/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Step 3. Attack paths found
• Full key: Melt detector and it fails not in alarm mode (small but finite chance)
• Partial key: Decrease detector efficiency by 20-40%, which enables other attacks
![Page 25: Hacking Quantum Key Distribution Hardware › public › download › kaiser... · Hacking Quantum Key Distribution Hardware or How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Burn Things with](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052518/5f0de4e47e708231d43c9b4f/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Step 4. Attack demo!
Full key attack on
running system
![Page 26: Hacking Quantum Key Distribution Hardware › public › download › kaiser... · Hacking Quantum Key Distribution Hardware or How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Burn Things with](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052518/5f0de4e47e708231d43c9b4f/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Lessons learnedDon’t look in laser with remaining eye
![Page 27: Hacking Quantum Key Distribution Hardware › public › download › kaiser... · Hacking Quantum Key Distribution Hardware or How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Burn Things with](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052518/5f0de4e47e708231d43c9b4f/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
I Learned to Stop Worrying and Burn Things with Lasers ♥
• Brute force sometimes is the best force
• Physical side channels can compromise even the best security
• Quantum hardware and software needs existing expertise!
Want to learn more about quantum tech or QKD? Find me on twitter @crazy4pi314
![Page 28: Hacking Quantum Key Distribution Hardware › public › download › kaiser... · Hacking Quantum Key Distribution Hardware or How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Burn Things with](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052518/5f0de4e47e708231d43c9b4f/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
![Page 29: Hacking Quantum Key Distribution Hardware › public › download › kaiser... · Hacking Quantum Key Distribution Hardware or How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Burn Things with](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052518/5f0de4e47e708231d43c9b4f/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
BB84 protocol: quantum phase
![Page 30: Hacking Quantum Key Distribution Hardware › public › download › kaiser... · Hacking Quantum Key Distribution Hardware or How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Burn Things with](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052518/5f0de4e47e708231d43c9b4f/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
QKD protocol : BB84
Alice Bob0 1 0 011 1
0
0
1
1