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hORGANIZATIONAL DEVELOPMENT 101
Prepared By: Claudyne Garro
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Definition:
• Old definition
“ Organizational Development is an effort planned, organization-wide, and managed from the top, to increase effectiveness and help through planned interventions in the organization process using behavioral science knowledge.”
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• New definition
“ Organizational development is a system-wide application of behavioral science to the planned development and reinforcement of organizational strategies, structures and processes to improve organizational effectiveness.
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Purpose: improvement of organization effectiveness.
Scope: Over-all organizational change
Processes: Planned, value-based, consultant-aided, and directed by top Management.
Target: Organization’s culture, structure, strategy, processes.
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History
1950- rooted from the attempt to understand the process of group
dynamics.
1980- evidence by massive organizational restructuring and downsizing. OD re-establishes the relationship
between employees and Organizations.
Today: OD is directed to the process of organizational transformation.
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Basic Components
• Change Agent
- The person who initiates the change
Job:- diagnosing and classifying the problem- identifying course of action- recommending change procedures- implementing the change
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• The client
- recipient of the change effort- might be an individual, a group, or possibly the whole organization
• Intervention
- intervention that the change agent does on behalf of the client
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MANUAL OF ORGANIZATIONAL
DESIGN
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Organizational Structure – a choice of which interest or which values will have preferred access or greater emphasis.
Organizing- dividing the work
Delegation - Deals with the division of work between vertical levels in the organization.
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Degrees:
•Take Action- no further contact with me is needed
•Take Action- let me know what you did
•Look into this problem- let me know what you intend to do; do it unless I tell you not to.
•Look into this problem- let me know what you intend to do; delay action until I give you approval.
•Look into this problem- let me know the pros and cons of probable actions and recommend one for my approval
•Look into this problem- give me all the facts; I will decide what to do.
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Key Factors in Choosing Patterns of Organizations
- Will it take advantage of specialization?
- Will it facilitate coordination?
- Will it recognize local conditions?
- Will it reduce expenses?
- Will it provide higher level of service to customers?
- Is it aligned with the mission and values of the organization?
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Means of Designing
Organizational Pattern
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Organizing by Product/PurposeThe activities necessary to accomplish a given purpose, or to produce a given product, are grouped together under the supervision of a single person.
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Organizing by Function
Activities are grouped and supervised on the basis of specialized technical skills.
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. Organization by Location
Activities are grouped based on geographic are to be served.
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Organizing by equipment
Dividing the organization based on the availability of technology and equipment.
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Organizing by time sequence
Activities may be based on time sequence with the work broken down under categories.
Ex. Planning dept., Execution dept., Construction dept .
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Organizing by Harmonious Overlap
Involves harmonious overlapping of the different parts of work to speed up the completion.
One phase is started even before the previous one is finished.
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Hybrid Structures
Combination of two or more patterns of organization.
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“Organizing is a continuous work…a continuously changing work environment requires a continuously changeable structure to keep pace.”
- Dr. William D. Leavitt, Manual of Organizational Design
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Leavitt’s Law: Never Create more structure than you need
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THANK YOU!