Dr. W. GronauIntercollege Larnaca, Cyprus
Prof. Dr. A. KagermeierUniversity of Paderborn, Germany
Key Factors for Successful Leisure and
Tourism Public Transport Offers
– some German Experiences
”Transport and Tourist Destinations”
Geography of Leisure and Tourism Research Group
(GLTRG)
Royal Geographic Society
London 31st August to 2nd September 2005
Prof. Kagermeier, Paderborn & Dr. Gronau, Larnaca Successful Leisure & Tourism Public Transport
Agenda
1) Leisure and tourism traffic as a continuously growing transport segment
2) Structural conditions at the supply side for successful implementations
3) Means of transport affinity as a central dimension on the demand side
4) Conclusions
Prof. Kagermeier, Paderborn & Dr. Gronau, Larnaca Successful Leisure & Tourism Public Transport
Leisure & Tourism Traffic: a fast growing Market?
Source: DIW 2004
26 2627
35 36 36 36 3635 35
1976 1983 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2001 20020
10
20
30
40Billion trips
0
10
20
30
40
Prof. Kagermeier, Paderborn & Dr. Gronau, Larnaca Successful Leisure & Tourism Public Transport
Affinity of Leisure & Tourism Traffic for Motorized Private Vehicle Traffic
4,2%3,3%
6,3%
6,3%
74,0%
6,0%
Distances
Source: DIW 2004
27,7%9,8%
4,4%1,0%
57,1%
0,01%
foot bike bus train car plane
Trips
Prof. Kagermeier, Paderborn & Dr. Gronau, Larnaca Successful Leisure & Tourism Public Transport
Supply Side Basic Conditions for Successful Leisure & Tourism Public Transport Offers
structural precondition:aiming at choice-riders/non-captives
transparency and quality of the offer(frequency, direct relations, …)
service quality in the catchment area
Prof. Kagermeier, Paderborn & Dr. Gronau, Larnaca Successful Leisure & Tourism Public Transport
Basic Conditions: Quality of the Offer
Source: own investigations
Dinosaurierpark
Freilichtmuseum
Mensch&Natur
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
car bus/train bike by foot
EastWestfalia
(rural)
Munich(urban)
poor quality
good quality – rural catchment area
good quality – urban catchment area
Zoo Hellabrunn
Prof. Kagermeier, Paderborn & Dr. Gronau, Larnaca Successful Leisure & Tourism Public Transport
Supply Side Basic Conditions for Successful Leisure & Tourism Public Transport Offers
structural precondition:aiming at choice-riders/non-captives
transparency and quality of the offer(frequency, direct relations, …)
service quality in the catchment area
management of car parking facilities
Prof. Kagermeier, Paderborn & Dr. Gronau, Larnaca Successful Leisure & Tourism Public Transport
Basic Conditions: Quality of the Offer
Source: own investigations
Dinosaurierpark
Freilichtmuseum
Mensch&Natur
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
car bus/train bike by foot
EastWestfalia
(rural)
Munich(urban)
low quality
good quality – rural catchment area
good quality – urban catchment area
Zoo Hellabrunn
good quality – urban + park. management
Prof. Kagermeier, Paderborn & Dr. Gronau, Larnaca Successful Leisure & Tourism Public Transport
Supply Side Basic Conditions for Successful Leisure & Tourism Public Transport Offers
structural precondition:aiming at choice-riders/non-captives
transparency and quality of the offer(frequency, direct relations, …)
service quality in the catchment area
management of car parking facilities
intensive marketing activities(cooperation / “combined-tickets”)
Prof. Kagermeier, Paderborn & Dr. Gronau, Larnaca Successful Leisure & Tourism Public Transport
Role of „combined-tickets“
2/5 of car users knowthe ticket
1/3 of combined-ticket users have a high affinity to private car use
1/3 of combined-ticket users could have used their own car
Source: own investigations
Prof. Kagermeier, Paderborn & Dr. Gronau, Larnaca Successful Leisure & Tourism Public Transport
Supply Side Basic Conditions for Successful Leisure & Tourism Public Transport Offers
structural precondition:aiming at choice-riders/non-captives
transparency and quality of the offer(frequency, direct relations, …)
service quality in the catchment area
management of car parking facilities
intensive marketing activities(cooperation / “combined-tickets”)
slow reaction speed (2 to 3 years start-up time)
Prof. Kagermeier, Paderborn & Dr. Gronau, Larnaca Successful Leisure & Tourism Public Transport
Example of Time-Lag for Inventing new Offers
2000 2001 2002 20030%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100% Frankenwald-mobil
Vulkan-Express
reference basis (100%): year 2003
Dr. W. GronauIntercollege Larnaca, Cyprus
Prof. Dr. A. KagermeierUniversity of Paderborn, Germany
Conditions on the Demand Side
Prof. Kagermeier, Paderborn & Dr. Gronau, Larnaca Successful Leisure & Tourism Public Transport
Leisure Time Connotation of Different Means of Transport (Medians)
Quelle: Fastenmeier, Gstalter & Lehnig 2004, p. 19
by foot
bike
motor-bike
car
sports car
coach
public transport
train
boat
airplane1 2 3 4 5 6 7
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
no leisure connotation at all strong leisure connotation
no leisure connotation at all strong leisure connotation
Prof. Kagermeier, Paderborn & Dr. Gronau, Larnaca Successful Leisure & Tourism Public Transport
-1.5 0.5 21.5
-2
-1
2
1
-2 -1 -0.5 1
1.5
0.5
-1.5
-0.5Fu
n Im
po
rta
nc
e
Funktion Importance
Fun-OrientatedCar Enthusiasts
Outside-OrientatedSportlers
HastyIndividualists
Price Conscious Dawdlers
VersatileFamily Persons
Sporty Enviromentalists
CalmBon Viveurs
Importance of Fun and Function for Transport Alternatives in Leisure Time by „Mobility Groups“
Prof. Kagermeier, Paderborn & Dr. Gronau, Larnaca Successful Leisure & Tourism Public Transport
Connotations for Different Transport Alternatives in Leisure Time by „Mobility Groups“
-1.5 0.5 21.5
-2
-1
2
1
-2 -1 -0.5 1
1.5
0.5
-1.5
-0.5
Fu
n F
acto
r
PublicTransport
Car
Function Factor
Fun-OrientatedCar Enthusiasts
Outside-Orientated Sportlers
HastyIndividualists
Price Conscious Dawdlers
VersatileFamily Persons
Sporty Enviromentalists
CalmBon Viveurs
Fun-OrientatedCar Enthusiasts
VersatileFamily Persons
Sporty Enviromentalists
HastyIndividualists
Outside-Orientated Sportlers
Price Conscious Dawdlers
Prof. Kagermeier, Paderborn & Dr. Gronau, Larnaca Successful Leisure & Tourism Public Transport
Affinity for Different Transport Alternatives in Leisure Time by „Mobility Groups“
-1.5 0.5 21.5
-2
-1
2
1
-2 -1 -0.5 1
1.5
0.5
-1.5
-0.5Pu
bli c
-Tra
nsp
ort
Car
Fun-OrientatedCar Enthusiasts
Outside-Orientated Sportlers
HastyIndividualists
Price Conscious Dawdlers
VersatileFamily Persons Sporty Enviromentalists
CalmBon Viveurs
Prof. Kagermeier, Paderborn & Dr. Gronau, Larnaca Successful Leisure & Tourism Public Transport
Influence of „Mobility Groups“ I (Location Zoo Munich)
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
SportyEnviromentalists
Versatile FamilyPersons
Fun-Orientated CarEnthusiasts
Public Transport Car
Prof. Kagermeier, Paderborn & Dr. Gronau, Larnaca Successful Leisure & Tourism Public Transport
Influence of „Mobility Groups“ II (Location Therme Erding)
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
SportyEnviromentalists
Versatile FamilyPersons
Fun-Orientated CarEnthusiasts
Public Transport Car
Prof. Kagermeier, Paderborn & Dr. Gronau, Larnaca Successful Leisure & Tourism Public Transport
Market Communication
Quality of the Offer
Situation of Moto-rized Individual Traffic
Catchment Area
Target Group Identification(nature-, family-, sport-orientated)
SuccessFactors
for Leisure& TourismTransport
Prof. Kagermeier, Paderborn & Dr. Gronau, Larnaca Successful Leisure & Tourism Public Transport
We want to thank
you for your
attention
… and are looking forward to a lively
discussion
Prof. Kagermeier, Paderborn & Dr. Gronau, Larnaca Successful Leisure & Tourism Public Transport
offer side basic conditions for successful leisure & tourism public transport offers
structural precondition:aiming at choice-riders/non-captives
transparency and quality of the offer(frequency, direct relations, …)
service quality in the catchment area
management of car parking facilities
constraints for car use
Prof. Kagermeier, Paderborn & Dr. Gronau, Larnaca Successful Leisure & Tourism Public Transport
Role of car-restrictions in combination with Parkingplace-Management
Rachel:72 %
PLusen:
19 %
Source: own investigations
Prof. Kagermeier, Paderborn & Dr. Gronau, Larnaca Successful Leisure & Tourism Public Transport
Verkehrsmittelbewertung nach Freizeitverkehrsgruppen
-1.5 0.5 21.5
-2
-1
2
1
-2 -1 -0.5 1
1.5
0.5
-1.5
-0.5
Bewertung Spaß
SportlichUmweltbewusste
PreissensibleBequeme
VielseitigeFamilienmenschen
ÖV
MIV
PreissensibleBequeme
Sportlich UmweltbewussteVielseitigeFamilienmenschen
RuhigeGenießer
SpaßorientierteAutofreunde
EiligeIndividualisten
Außen-orientierte Sportler
SpaßorientierteAutofreunde
AußenorientierteSportler
EiligeIndividualisten
RuhigeGenießer
BewertungFunktion
Bewertung Spaß
Prof. Kagermeier, Paderborn & Dr. Gronau, Larnaca Successful Leisure & Tourism Public Transport
importance of fun and function for choosing amean of transport
0.25 10.75
1
0.5
0.5
0.75
0.25
0
importance of function
Spaß
price-consciouslazily
sportingenvironmentally
conscious versatilefamily orientated
calm “bon viveur”
fun orientatedcar-enthusiasts
outsideoriented
sportsmen
hasty individualists
impo
rtan
ce o
f hav
ing
fun
Prof. Kagermeier, Paderborn & Dr. Gronau, Larnaca Successful Leisure & Tourism Public Transport
Source: DIW 2004
256271
314
384 390 403 404 407388 381
1976 1983 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2001 20020
100
200
300
400
500Billions person kilometer
0
100
200
300
400
500
Leisure & tourism traffic: a fast growing market?
Prof. Kagermeier, Paderborn & Dr. Gronau, Larnaca Successful Leisure & Tourism Public Transport
Influence of „Mobility Groups“ III (Location Museum Munich)
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
SportyEnviromentalists
Versatile FamilyPersons
Fun-Orientated CarEnthusiasts
Public Transport Car