Graphic design
Materials, techniques and
processes
Introduction to:
Pencils
There is a variety of pencils such as HB, 2H and 2B that you may have heard of. Try as many as you can to see what the differences are.
Use softer pencils for sketching (they rub out easily and blend well). Mechanical pencils are ideal for technical drawing as they are always sharp.Make sure that you sharpen your pencils – and never throw them because if the lead breaks then you may as well throw it away!
Pencils - task
Use pairs of pencils to create a range of colours. (e.g. use red and yellow to create a range of reds, oranges and yellows)
Try to blend as seamlessly as possible.
Marker pensThese are harder to use well than you may think. Task - Try to colour a square approx 10cm² without making any one part darker than the rest and without going over the edges.
Use felt pens sparingly – they should be used as a presentation medium, not for sketching or writing in.
Charcoals and PastelsThese are great for sketching, blending
and creating presentation drawings.
However, they can make a mess. Make
sure that you use a fixative on the
finished drawings and wash your hands
frequently.
Printing Processes• Offset
lithography• Gravure• Letterpress• Photocopiers• Plotters• Laser printers• Inkjet Printers
In school you may have some of these processes available to you, where as others are used mainly in industry.
Cyan
Magenta
Yellow
Black
Colour printing
What four colours are used in printing?
Modelling• Presentation models are used to show what finished
products will look like.• Sketch models are quick models roughly showing what
something will be like (think Blue Peter)• Demonstration models show how something works (e.g.
use Lego Technic®)• Virtual Prototyping is using 3D drawing programs on a
computer to show a high quality representation of a potential product.
• Rapid prototyping uses computer generated 3d images and uses computer controlled lasers to create solid models from materials such as foam.
• Computer simulation is used for products to test products in certain situations (e.g. how much weight can be put on a chair before it collapses)
Pictures from www.turbocad.co.uk
Paper, Cards and Boards
A1 – 594mm x 841mm
A2 – 420mm x 594mm
A3 – 297mm x 420mm (coursework pages)
A4 – 210mm x 297mm (standard school printer size)
A5 – 148mm x 210mm
A6 – 105mm x 148mm
A8 – (business card)
Paper comes in a variety of standard sizes as well as off the roll.
Paper, Cards and Boards - taskResearch a range of papers, boards and cards.
Try to find out what each is used for, its weight and cost.
e.g.
Tracing paper
Corrugated card
Whiteboard
Cartridge paper
Sugar paper
Cardboard
Foamboard
gsm = grams per square metreStandard writing paper = 80gsm