GOVERNMENT REFORM IN ITALY:GOVERNMENT REFORM IN ITALY:STATE OF THE ARTSTATE OF THE ART
Franco BASSANINI
Cabinet Minister for Public Administration
Italy Today: Public Administration Issues
AD HOC COUNCIL - Rome November 13, 2000
www.funzionepubblica.it
F. Bassanini - Government Reform in Italy2
The need for ReformThe need for Reformin the early ninetiesin the early nineties
An An obsoleteobsolete administration: no government-wide administration: no government-wide reforms since 1865reforms since 1865
An An inefficientinefficient administration: islands of administration: islands of excellence in a sea of general inefficiencyexcellence in a sea of general inefficiency
A A costlycostly administration: crucial need to balance administration: crucial need to balance the budget and reduce public debtthe budget and reduce public debt
F. Bassanini - Government Reform in Italy3
The need for ReformThe need for Reformpublic debt up to 1994 (% of GDP)public debt up to 1994 (% of GDP)
57,7 59,964,9
70
86,390,5 92,6
124,9
101,598
108,7
119,1
82,3
75,2
95,6
55
65
75
85
95
105
115
125
135
Source: Italy - Ministry of the Treasury
F. Bassanini - Government Reform in Italy4
Calls for ReformCalls for Reform
The need for change drives large calls for The need for change drives large calls for Reform and consequently a large consensus Reform and consequently a large consensus among:among:
PublicPublic
BusinessBusiness
LaborLabor
Parliament Parliament (a bipartisan reform)(a bipartisan reform)
F. Bassanini - Government Reform in Italy5
The Tools of ReformThe Tools of Reform
A broad A broad “delegating law” (“delegating law” (legge delega)legge delega) n. 59 of 1997: n. 59 of 1997:Parliament delegates Government the power to adopt “legislative decrees” (primary level regulation) in defined areas, pursuant to the principles set by the law
The The “delegislation” (“delegislation” (delegificazione)delegificazione) mechanism: mechanism:Parliament authorizes Government to substitute primary laws with Governmental decrees (secondary level regulation) in two main sectors: administrative procedures and organization of public offices
F. Bassanini - Government Reform in Italy6
The Main Areas of ReformThe Main Areas of Reform Devolution, outsourcing Devolution, outsourcing
and “administrative and “administrative federalism”federalism”
Reorganization of Central Reorganization of Central GovernmentGovernment
Civil Service ReformCivil Service Reform
A performance-oriented A performance-oriented public sector managementpublic sector management
Simplifying regulatory and Simplifying regulatory and administrative burdensadministrative burdens
The new Public BudgetingThe new Public Budgeting
A more transparent and A more transparent and comprehensible Governmentcomprehensible Government
ee-Government-Government
7 F. Bassanini - Government Reform in Italy
DevolutionDevolutiona leaner but more efficient Statea leaner but more efficient State
Horizontal subsidiarity - focusing Horizontal subsidiarity - focusing Government on its core business:Government on its core business:
closingclosing unnecessary Government activities unnecessary Government activities outsourcingoutsourcing and/or privatizing activities that can and/or privatizing activities that can
be more efficiently undertaken by the private sector be more efficiently undertaken by the private sector (business and non-profit organizations) (business and non-profit organizations)
liberalizationliberalization of public utilities of public utilities
8 F. Bassanini - Government Reform in Italy
DevolutionDevolution liberalization and privatizationliberalization and privatization
Liberalization. Three examples:Liberalization. Three examples: 110 fixed 110 fixed telecommunicationtelecommunication licenses and 86 operators instead of licenses and 86 operators instead of
Telecom Italia Telecom Italia monopolymonopoly unbundling of local loop from end 2000unbundling of local loop from end 2000 ENELENEL control of control of electricityelectricity market: from 90% in 1990 to less than market: from 90% in 1990 to less than
40% in 200340% in 2003
Privatization of Privatization of public utilitiespublic utilities: : ENI, BNL, INA, ENEL, ENI, BNL, INA, ENEL, Telecom, Alitalia, AutostradeTelecom, Alitalia, Autostrade … …world largest privatization program (total revenue up to end 1999: world largest privatization program (total revenue up to end 1999: approx. 87 billions US Dollars)approx. 87 billions US Dollars)
9 F. Bassanini - Government Reform in Italy
DevolutionDevolutionrevenues from privatization in OECD countries revenues from privatization in OECD countries
(1993 - 1998)(1993 - 1998)
0
10.000
20.000
30.000
40.000
50.000
60.000
70.000
F D I E UK J US C AUS
Millions US Dollars
France (F) 48.530
Germany (G) 15.392
Italy (I) 63.473
Spain (S) 34.441
Un. King. (UK) 28.709
Japan (J) 46.721
USA (US) 3.100
Canada (C) 7.024
Australia (AUS) 45.000
Source: OECD
10 F. Bassanini - Government Reform in Italy
DevolutionDevolutiontotal stock mkt cap/GDPtotal stock mkt cap/GDP
The privatization program has contributed fostering the growth of the Italian equity market
11,5 15,117,9 18,4 20,6
30,8
45,7
66,4
77
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
19
92
19
93
19
94
19
95
19
96
19
97
19
98
19
99
20
00
(fe
b.)
11 F. Bassanini - Government Reform in Italy
DevolutionDevolutionstrengthening local Governmentsstrengthening local Governments
Strengthening Strengthening stabilitystability of local Governments of local Governmentsdirect election of Majors (since 1993), Presidents of Provinces (1993), Presidents of Regions (2000)
Strengthening Strengthening financial autonomyfinancial autonomy of local Governments: the of local Governments: the “fiscal “fiscal federalism”federalism”transformation of State financial transfers to Local Authorities into local taxation or participation in main State taxes (VAT, Income tax…)
Strengthening Strengthening sovereigntysovereignty of Local Governments of Local Governmentstransferring general legislative powers to Regions (constitutional bill presented by the Government)
Strengthening Strengthening efficiencyefficiency of Local Administrations of Local Administrationsreform of control mechanisms, “city managers”, local public managers chosen also from private sector, salaries linked to performance
12 F. Bassanini - Government Reform in Italy
DevolutionDevolutionthe “administrative federalism”the “administrative federalism”
19971997: law n. 59 identifies a mandatory list of State tasks : law n. 59 identifies a mandatory list of State tasks and plans the devolution of all other tasks to Regions, and plans the devolution of all other tasks to Regions, Provinces and MunicipalitiesProvinces and Municipalities
1997-19981997-1998: five “legislative decrees” identify in detail : five “legislative decrees” identify in detail the tasks to be transferred from central to local Governmentthe tasks to be transferred from central to local Government
1999-20001999-2000: Prime Minister decrees transfer groups of : Prime Minister decrees transfer groups of tasks together with related human and financial resourcestasks together with related human and financial resources
January 1January 1stst, 2001, 2001: end of devolution process: end of devolution process
13 F. Bassanini - Government Reform in Italy
DevolutionDevolutionopinions of the publicopinions of the public
Has the “Bassanini reform” improved the efficiency of local Governments?
Yes 36,1
Yes, in part 31,7
No 24,9
Doesn't know
7,3
14 F. Bassanini - Government Reform in Italy
Reorganization of Central GovernmentReorganization of Central Governmentthe general strategythe general strategy
The first government-wide Reform The first government-wide Reform since 1865since 1865: a system up to now : a system up to now grown only by “adding layers”grown only by “adding layers”
Merging bodiesMerging bodies with similar missions; eliminating duplication and with similar missions; eliminating duplication and segmentationsegmentation
Functions assigned by law; internal organization established by a Functions assigned by law; internal organization established by a more more flexibleflexible secondary regulation. End of the traditional “pyramid model” for secondary regulation. End of the traditional “pyramid model” for MinistriesMinistries
Reducing the MinistriesReducing the Ministries from 22 (in 1995) to 18 (present) to 12 (in April from 22 (in 1995) to 18 (present) to 12 (in April 2001)2001)
Introducing “Introducing “AgenciesAgencies”: non-ministerial bodies with technical and ”: non-ministerial bodies with technical and executive tasksexecutive tasks
““Central Government Local Offices”: merging several State local offices Central Government Local Offices”: merging several State local offices into into a single “interministerial” bodya single “interministerial” body
15 F. Bassanini - Government Reform in Italy
Reorganization of Central GovernmentReorganization of Central Governmentreform of the Prime Minister’s Officereform of the Prime Minister’s Office
Making the role of stimulating, guiding and coordinating more effectiveMaking the role of stimulating, guiding and coordinating more effective A leaner but stronger, more flexible structureA leaner but stronger, more flexible structure Additional specific responsibilities of P.M.O.:Additional specific responsibilities of P.M.O.:Government reform, regulation, P.A., dialogue with supra- and intra- national Authorities (EU, Regions, Municipalities)
Transferring all other executive tasks Transferring all other executive tasks to “sector” administrationsto “sector” administrations
16 F. Bassanini - Government Reform in Italy
Reorganization of Central GovernmentReorganization of Central Governmentfrom 18 to 12 Ministriesfrom 18 to 12 Ministries
1 – Ministry of Foreign Affairs1 – Ministry of Foreign Affairs2 – Ministry of the Interior2 – Ministry of the Interior3 – Ministry of Justice3 – Ministry of Justice4 – Ministry of Defense4 – Ministry of Defense
5 – Ministry of Economy5 – Ministry of Economyand Finance and Finance
-- MinistryMinistry of the Treasury and Budgetof the Treasury and Budget- Ministry of Finance- Ministry of Finance
6 – 6 – Ministry for Ministry for Production ActivitiesProduction Activities
- Ministry of Industry, Trade and Crafts- Ministry of Industry, Trade and Crafts- Ministry of Foreign Trade- Ministry of Foreign Trade- Ministry of CommunicationsMinistry of Communications- P.M.O. Tourism Dept.P.M.O. Tourism Dept.
7 – Ministry of Agriculture7 – Ministry of Agriculture
17 F. Bassanini - Government Reform in Italy
Reorganization of Central GovernmentReorganization of Central Governmentfrom 18 to 12 Ministriesfrom 18 to 12 Ministries
8 – Ministry of the 8 – Ministry of the Environment and Environment and Protection of the TerritoryProtection of the Territory
- Ministry of Environment- Ministry of Environment - Ministry of Public Works (part)Ministry of Public Works (part)- P.M.O. “Servizi Tecnici” Dept.P.M.O. “Servizi Tecnici” Dept.
9 – Ministry of Infrastructure9 – Ministry of Infrastructureand Transportand Transport
- Ministry of Public Works (part)Ministry of Public Works (part)- Ministry of TransportMinistry of Transport- P.M.O. Dept. for Urban AreasP.M.O. Dept. for Urban Areas
12 - 12 - Ministry of Heritage Ministry of Heritage and Cultureand Culture
10 - Ministry of Employment, 10 - Ministry of Employment, Health and Social PoliciesHealth and Social Policies
- Ministry of Employment and Social Security- Ministry of Employment and Social Security- Ministry of Health- Ministry of Health- P.M.O. Dept. of Social AffairsP.M.O. Dept. of Social Affairs
11 - Ministry of Education, 11 - Ministry of Education, Universities and ResearchUniversities and Research
- Ministry of Education- Ministry of Education- Ministry of Universities and Scientific ResearchMinistry of Universities and Scientific Research
- Ministry of Heritage and Culture- Ministry of Heritage and Culture- P.M.O. Dept. of Sport- P.M.O. Dept. of Sport- P.M.O. Dept. of Entertainment- P.M.O. Dept. of Entertainment
18 F. Bassanini - Government Reform in Italy
Civil Service ReformCivil Service Reformdistinguishing Politics from Administrationdistinguishing Politics from Administration
«Politicians are responsible for Policies»:«Politicians are responsible for Policies»:Ministers define policies and strategies, assess results, appoint general directors but have no further direct involvement in administration
«Public managers are responsible for Administration»:«Public managers are responsible for Administration»:public managers are given broader powers but also greater responsibilities, and higher salaries linked to results and performance
19 F. Bassanini - Government Reform in Italy
Civil Service ReformCivil Service Reformthe “privatization” of Civil Servicethe “privatization” of Civil Service
Civil law for civil servantsCivil law for civil servantspublic administration has the same powers as private sector employers
Jurisdiction for civil service disputesJurisdiction for civil service disputessince 1998 transferred from the Administrative to the Civil Courts
20 F. Bassanini - Government Reform in Italy
Civil Service ReformCivil Service Reformthe “contractualization” of Civil Servicethe “contractualization” of Civil Service
Labor Contracts:Labor Contracts: collective bargaining (at national and local levels) replaced the law in
determining employment conditions, salaries and tasks. The “integrative negotiation”
promoting efficiency and professionalism through individual integrative contracts
«A.R.A.N.»«A.R.A.N.»an Agency created to represent the State in labor negotiations in place of the Minister (but following Government guidelines)
Reform of labor representationReform of labor representationfor each public sector (Ministries, Education, Health …) bargaining with the State is allowed only to those Unions having more than 5% of the consensus in that sector
21 F. Bassanini - Government Reform in Italy
Civil Service ReformCivil Service Reformthe Resistancesthe Resistances
Strong contradictions and incoherencies remain in:Strong contradictions and incoherencies remain in:
The behaviour of Trade Unions:The behaviour of Trade Unions: the choice, in principle, in favour of professionalism and merit, responsibility
and decentralisation is sometimes contradicted
The behaviour of Politicians, administrators and public The behaviour of Politicians, administrators and public managers:managers: no global vision in salary increases strong defence of privileges and of the “maze of charges”
Parliament choices:Parliament choices: The choice, in principle, in favour of collective bargaining, meritocracy and
quality is contradicted by the constant enactment of rules creating favouritism: “ope legis” promotions, permanent hiring without concours of pro-tempore workers etc.
22 F. Bassanini - Government Reform in Italy
A performance-orientedA performance-orientedpublic administrationpublic administration
the new approachthe new approachBeforeBefore: a formal/juridical approach to government:: a formal/juridical approach to government:
compliance with laws and procedures without regard to quality and results
NowNow: a consumer-oriented approach: a consumer-oriented approach quality service and customer satisfaction new performance control complementing traditional legal control public service charters promoting professional growth: a special training program
Public administration “close to citizens and businesses”:Public administration “close to citizens and businesses”: favors the allocation of investment capital acquires relevance “beyond the national borders” partially sheds its authoritative nature
23 F. Bassanini - Government Reform in Italy
A performance-orientedA performance-orientedpublic administrationpublic administration
the new public managementthe new public management An interministerial body of public managers, with few An interministerial body of public managers, with few
exceptionsexceptions
AAccess by ccess by concours, concours, a formal competitive examinationa formal competitive examination((no more than 5% of managers may be chosen from outside the Civil no more than 5% of managers may be chosen from outside the Civil Service for a fixed term)Service for a fixed term)
No more “jobs for life”: individual contracts (fixed term: 2-No more “jobs for life”: individual contracts (fixed term: 2-7 years) determine assignment, duties and salaries7 years) determine assignment, duties and salaries
Managers’ salaries vary depending on responsibilities and Managers’ salaries vary depending on responsibilities and performancesperformances
24 F. Bassanini - Government Reform in Italy
A performance-orientedA performance-orientedpublic administrationpublic administration
the Resistancesthe Resistances
Administrations and judges still show a legalistic and Administrations and judges still show a legalistic and statist culturestatist culture
The defence of irremovability and irresponsibility of top The defence of irremovability and irresponsibility of top civil servants in the name of administrative neutralitycivil servants in the name of administrative neutrality
The fear of the spoils system (it exists in the USA, but not The fear of the spoils system (it exists in the USA, but not in Italy…)in Italy…)
The refusal of the culture of evaluation and meritThe refusal of the culture of evaluation and merit
25 F. Bassanini - Government Reform in Italy
SimplificationSimplificationthe problemsthe problems
Regulatory inflation:Regulatory inflation:over 35,000 primary laws (of State and Regions)
Regulatory costs:Regulatory costs:unnecessary burdens on the public, on businesses and even on public administrations
Regulatory pollution:Regulatory pollution:ambiguity, contradictions, overlapping, layers of rules generate uncertainty on the existing law
26 F. Bassanini - Government Reform in Italy
SimplificationSimplificationa specific policy on regulatory reforma specific policy on regulatory reform
Regulatory impact analysisRegulatory impact analysisto measure the cost of new regulations on the public and business
A central “Regulatory Simplification Unit”A central “Regulatory Simplification Unit”a task force of 65 experts and staff in P.M.O., exclusively monitoring “regulatory quality”, drafting simplification decrees and consolidated texts
ConsultationConsultationthe “Osservatorio per la semplificazione”: a consultative body with representatives from Ministries, Regions, Local Authorities and social parties
27 F. Bassanini - Government Reform in Italy
SimplificationSimplificationthe toolsthe tools
““Self-declarationsSelf-declarations”” replace more than 95% of the certificates replace more than 95% of the certificates
“ “Notification of the beginning of an activity”Notification of the beginning of an activity” and and silent consentsilent consent (in 194 cases) replace authorizations and licenses(in 194 cases) replace authorizations and licenses
One “One “conferenza di servizi”conferenza di servizi” ( (combined services conferencecombined services conference) ) replaces many administrative actsreplaces many administrative acts
One-stop-shopOne-stop-shop (on line): a single procedure to start up a new (on line): a single procedure to start up a new productive plant, replacing 43 previously needed authorizations (productive plant, replacing 43 previously needed authorizations (see see specific slidespecific slide))
Few Few consolidated textsconsolidated texts replace thousands of laws and decrees replace thousands of laws and decrees Annual simplification lawsAnnual simplification laws enabling government to abolish or enabling government to abolish or
simplify existing procedures, authorizations and licenses.simplify existing procedures, authorizations and licenses.
28 F. Bassanini - Government Reform in Italy
SimplificationSimplificationsome initial resultssome initial results
180180 procedures ruled by primary law have already been “delegislated” procedures ruled by primary law have already been “delegislated” (ready to be abolished or simplified by Government decree)(ready to be abolished or simplified by Government decree)
7171 procedures already simplified by Government (50% in the year procedures already simplified by Government (50% in the year 2000, with the support of the new central unit). They include the one-2000, with the support of the new central unit). They include the one-stop-shops for: new productive plants, car drivers, import-export tradestop-shops for: new productive plants, car drivers, import-export trade
88 consolidated texts drafted (on local Governments, cultural heritage, consolidated texts drafted (on local Governments, cultural heritage, administrative documentation, building activities, expropriations, administrative documentation, building activities, expropriations, university, civil service, justice expenses); 3 of them already in forceuniversity, civil service, justice expenses); 3 of them already in force
relevant progress in regulatory capacity shown by the draft report of the relevant progress in regulatory capacity shown by the draft report of the OECD regulatory reviewOECD regulatory review
F. Bassanini - Government Reform in Italy29
Progress in regulatory capacity indicators, 1998-2000
0
20
40
60
80
100
Transparency Use ofRegulatory
Impact Analysis
Structureddecision
processes
Index of reviewactivity
Communicationof regulatoryrequirements
ITA-1998
ITA-2000
Source: OECD, Public Management Directorate, 2000.
30 F. Bassanini - Government Reform in Italy
SimplificationSimplification# of certificates issued per year# of certificates issued per year
19961998
2000 *
70.641.741
51.661.396
30.658.516
0
10.000.000
20.000.000
30.000.000
40.000.000
50.000.000
60.000.000
70.000.000
Source: Italy – Department of Public Administration
* Data 2000: 8-monthprojection of the year 2000
31 F. Bassanini - Government Reform in Italy
SimplificationSimplification# of c# of certified signatures issued per yearertified signatures issued per year
19961998
2000 *
38.871.110
20.199.919
7.116.993
0
5.000.000
10.000.000
15.000.000
20.000.000
25.000.000
30.000.000
35.000.000
40.000.000
Source: Italy – Department of Public Administration
* Data 2000: 8-monthprojection of the year 2000
32 F. Bassanini - Government Reform in Italy
SimplificationSimplificationthe opinion of the publicthe opinion of the public
Do you know that in most cases all you need is a self-declaration?
Do you think it is useful?
92%
8%
yes
no
92%
8%
yes
no
Source: ISPO
33 F. Bassanini - Government Reform in Italy
Simplification – the one-stop-shop exampleSimplification – the one-stop-shop example“not only a single access, but also a single answer”“not only a single access, but also a single answer”
Since 1999Since 1999 a single procedure to start up a new business, a single procedure to start up a new business, replacing 43 authorizations previously needed replacing 43 authorizations previously needed
BeforeBefore: 2-5 years to get a final answer: 2-5 years to get a final answer
NowNow: normally no more than 3 months in most cases, max 11 : normally no more than 3 months in most cases, max 11 monthsmonths
(average time: 57 days in a sample of 100 operational one stop shops)(average time: 57 days in a sample of 100 operational one stop shops)
One single office to deal with businesses and a new role for One single office to deal with businesses and a new role for Municipalities in the development of their territoryMunicipalities in the development of their territory
An An ee-structure, accessible through the net-structure, accessible through the net
34 F. Bassanini - Government Reform in Italy
The new public budgetingThe new public budgetingfrom financial to economic budgetfrom financial to economic budget
BeforeBefore: a segmented spending model with more than : a segmented spending model with more than
6.000 expenditure units6.000 expenditure units
NowNow: about 1.000 basic budget units, matching each : about 1.000 basic budget units, matching each Ministry’s target and responsibilityMinistry’s target and responsibility
Only one administrative office responsible for each Only one administrative office responsible for each basic unitbasic unit
New economic budget showing the link between the use New economic budget showing the link between the use of resources and achievementsof resources and achievements
35 F. Bassanini - Government Reform in Italy
The new public budgetingThe new public budgeting new spending proceduresnew spending procedures
Drafting the budget: no longer the traditional criteria of Drafting the budget: no longer the traditional criteria of incremental spendingincremental spending
An effective An effective cost analysiscost analysis to back the annual financing law to back the annual financing law and the spending legislationand the spending legislation
More effective More effective constraintsconstraints on Government expenditure bills on Government expenditure bills and parliamentary amendmentsand parliamentary amendments
An An electronic mandateelectronic mandate
Towards a permanent electronic market for public purchases Towards a permanent electronic market for public purchases
Planning hiringPlanning hiring of civil servants of civil servants
36 F. Bassanini - Government Reform in Italy
The new public budgetingThe new public budgetingpublic sector personnel cost (% of GDP)public sector personnel cost (% of GDP)
12
11,6 11,5 11,4
10,8 10,710,5
9,1
10,2
9,5
9,8
12,5
12,712,712,8
9
9,5
10
10,5
11
11,5
12
12,5
13
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
Source: OECD and Italy DPEF 2000-2003
37 F. Bassanini - Government Reform in Italy
The new public budgetingThe new public budgeting public deficit (% of GDP)public deficit (% of GDP)
-11,1
-9,2
-7,7-6,6
1,3
-8,5
-9,6-10,1
-1,9-2,8
-2,7 -1-1,3 -0,70,2
-12
-10
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
Source: ISTAT and Italy DPEF 2000-2003
38 F. Bassanini - Government Reform in Italy
The new public budgetingThe new public budgeting public debt (% of GDP)public debt (% of GDP)
98
101,5
108,7
119,1
124,6122,4
118,7
95
114,9
124,9
125,3
99,7
103,5
112,1
106,6
94
99
104
109
114
119
124
129
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
Source: ISTAT and Italy DPEF 2000-2003
39 F. Bassanini - Government Reform in Italy
The new public budgetingThe new public budgeting primary expenditure in Italy and EU (% of GDP)primary expenditure in Italy and EU (% of GDP)
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
1990
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
1998
ItalyEU
Source: ISTAT and European Commission
40 F. Bassanini - Government Reform in Italy
ee-Government-Government IT: the best resource for a leap forward in quality changeIT: the best resource for a leap forward in quality change
Electronic management of administrative documents, Electronic management of administrative documents, procedures and archivesprocedures and archives
12,000 billion liras (5,2 bill. USD) for investments in 2000-12,000 billion liras (5,2 bill. USD) for investments in 2000-2002 (11,000 already allocated, 1,300 coming from the 2002 (11,000 already allocated, 1,300 coming from the UMTS licenses)UMTS licenses)
Electronic ID card (under experiment)Electronic ID card (under experiment)
The “Government Portal”: a single gateway for public The “Government Portal”: a single gateway for public administrationsadministrations
Towards electronic public procurementsTowards electronic public procurements
41 F. Bassanini - Government Reform in Italy
ee-Government-Governmentsome first resultssome first results
«Electronic Revenue Service»: «Electronic Revenue Service»: 100%100% income income tax returns (40 millions per year) are filed and tax returns (40 millions per year) are filed and reviewed electronicallyreviewed electronically
Land Register (Land Register (80% 80% of documents of documents are filed and are filed and reviewed electronically)reviewed electronically)
Electronic signature (having legal value from Electronic signature (having legal value from 1998): more than 1998): more than 1 million1 million signatures already signatures already certified by 8 companiescertified by 8 companies
A A Single Single AdministrativeAdministrative Network Network
42 F. Bassanini - Government Reform in Italy
The Italian Action Plan forThe Italian Action Plan foree-Government-Government
Citizens will obtain any public service by simply Citizens will obtain any public service by simply applying to any front-office administration in chargeapplying to any front-office administration in charge
Citizens will communicate variations in their personal Citizens will communicate variations in their personal information to the administration only onceinformation to the administration only once
Each administration will be able to gather the Each administration will be able to gather the information needed, wherever stored (all public information needed, wherever stored (all public services on line)services on line)
All the public services for which it is technically All the public services for which it is technically possible will be delivered on linepossible will be delivered on line
F. Bassanini - Government Reform in Italy43
Action PlanAction Plan pointspoints
Information portals Portals for supply of
services National networks Local administrations on
line Integration of personal
data National index of personal
data
Exchange of information system for local land-registries
Electronic identity cards Promotion of digital
signatures Informatic Protocols e-procurement Foundation courses Specialist courses
F. Bassanini - Government Reform in Italy44
The Future of ReformThe Future of Reform
The crucial phase of implementationThe crucial phase of implementationthe Reform has almost been achieved in its laws the Reform has almost been achieved in its laws
and decrees, but laws alone cannot change citizens’ and decrees, but laws alone cannot change citizens’ liveslives
What are now the main challenges?What are now the main challenges?
F. Bassanini - Government Reform in Italy45
The Future of ReformThe Future of Reform
Changing the cultureChanging the culture
Acquiring and disseminating new approaches:Acquiring and disseminating new approaches: to technological and organizational to technological and organizational innovationinnovation to to simplificationsimplification (releasing unnecessary administrative (releasing unnecessary administrative
burdens)burdens) to quality of service and to quality of service and performanceperformance to citizen-to citizen-user satisfactionuser satisfaction to rewarding to rewarding professionalismprofessionalism and and meritmerit to promoting, encouraging and to promoting, encouraging and energizingenergizing citizens and citizens and
businessesbusinesses
F. Bassanini - Government Reform in Italy46
The Future of ReformThe Future of Reform
CommunicationCommunication
disseminating anddisseminating and
sharing information to sharing information to
explain to citizens their new rightsexplain to citizens their new rights
F. Bassanini - Government Reform in Italy47
The Future of ReformThe Future of Reform
Investing on Public AdministrationInvesting on Public Administration
in in trainingtraining, to improve knowledge and , to improve knowledge and awareness of the main interpreters of the Reformawareness of the main interpreters of the Reform
in in ITIT, to exploit the enormous opportunities of , to exploit the enormous opportunities of digital revolutiondigital revolution
in in financial incentivesfinancial incentives, to promote quality of , to promote quality of services and professional growthservices and professional growth
F. Bassanini - Government Reform in Italy48
The Future of ReformThe Future of Reform
The «Maastricht approach»The «Maastricht approach»
EURO example: Italy is a country capable EURO example: Italy is a country capable of finding hidden human resources to of finding hidden human resources to
face the most difficult tasksface the most difficult tasks