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Global Environmental Challenges to LNG Projects
Paul Bosma, Job HottentotRene Jacobs, Matthew Swatton
Shell Global Solutions International BV
7th Doha Natural Gas Conference
10th march 2009
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Three Hard Truths for the Energy System
• World energy demand is accelerating
• Supply will struggle to
keep pace
• Environmental pressuresare increasing
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No More “Easy” Oil & Gas
• Remote location, harsh climate
• Deep Water
• “Tight Gas”
• Depleted fields
• Sour gas
• High N2, CO2 content
Photographs courtesy of SEIC, Orman Lange
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Environmental Pressures
In a “Business as usual” world CO2 from energy rises dramatically
Source: Shell International BV
2007 2025 2050
North America EuropeLatin America Asia & OceaniaMiddle East & Africa
28 Gt/yr
48
65
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Natural Gas
• Cleanest fossil fuel
• As LNG, has a low “carbon footprint” across its value chain
• Has a firm position in tomorrow’s energy mix
Pollutant Natural Gas Oil Coal Carbon Dioxide 117,000 164,000 208,000 Carbon Monoxide 40 33 208 Nitrogen Oxides 92 448 457 Sulfur Dioxide 1 1,122 2,591 Particulates 7 84 2,744 Mercury 0.000 0.007 0.016
Fossil Fuel Emissions 1 (lbs per MMBtu of energy input)
1) Source: EIA Natural Gas Issues & Trends
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0
(4) Gas LiquefactionRemoval of contaminants, NGLsextraction
Cooling to –161oC at atm.pressure
(5B) LNG Transport–161oC, atmospheric pressure
(6) RegasificationReturn to gaseous state
(1) Gas Exploration & Production
(3) Gas Transport
Industry
Space heating/cooking
(5A) Onshore Pipeline Gas TransportHigh pressure, ambient temperature
(2) Gas Treatment Oil/water/solids removal
(7) Gas Transport & Distribution
High pressure, ambient temperature
Power
The Natural Gas Value Chain
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Shell’s Approach to HSSE Assurance
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Addressing the Environmental Factors• Land take,
Coastline
• Water Use & Effluent
• Noise
• NOx & SOx
• Spills
• Flaring
• Greenhouse Gases
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Examples of Environmental Solutions• Careful Site
Selection
• Air Cooled Plant
• Dry Low NOx
Burners
• Range of Sulphur Solutions
Photographs courtesy of Woodside, GE Energy
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Greenhouse Gases
• Energy Efficient Operation
• Combined Heat & Power
• Aeroderivative Gas Turbine
• CO2 Capture & Storage
Photographs courtesy of Gorgon LNG, GE Energy
Specification or limit
Operator target
BEFORE APC APC ONLINE
SETPOINT MOVED
CLOSER TO LIMIT
Specification or limit
Operator target
BEFORE APC APC ONLINE
SETPOINT MOVED
CLOSER TO LIMIT
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Concluding Remarks
• Energy sector is undergoing transformation
• Minimise environmental impact in local, regional & global context
• Control framework & systematic approach needed to deliver results
• Technology & innovation have a crucial role
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Thank you for your attention