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Simple Solutions to Complex Problems
A Toolkit for Quick Assessment of Coastal Problems and Adaptation Solution
Alessio Giardino Specialist Disaster Risk Management and Climate Adaptation
…with contribution from many other Deltares colleagues
Giardino et al., 2018 Journal of Ocean & Coastal Management
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Why?
• First order assessment of problems and possible solutions (e.g. during a field mission)
• Sharing of knowledge and capacity building
• Participatory data collection, modelling and monitoring is a key factor to the long-term sustainability of many projects
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Data & Tools for Quick Assessment of Coastal Problems & Solutions
Simple CoastIntroduction Application
Contents of the presentations
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Introduction Deltares
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▪ Deltares is an independent research institute for delta technology, incorporating advanced expertise on water, soil and subsurface issues.
▪ About 850 employees
▪ Research (50%) and consultancy (50%)
▪ NONPROFIT ORGANIZATION
10 december 2019
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Open software
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Most of our software's are free and open
source (e.g. Delft3D, Xbeach)
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Tools and data for quick assessment of coastal problems and adaptation solutions
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Data needs for coastal adaptation studies
▪ Bathymetry
▪ Topography
▪ Sediment type
▪ Geology
▪ Wind
▪ Waves
▪ Water levels
▪ River discharges and sediment input
▪ Coastal ecosystems
▪ Flooding/erosion maps after extreme events
▪ Exposure data (number of assets and values)
▪ Damage reports after extreme events
▪ Information on other indirect damages (e.g. socio-economic)
▪ Overview historical interventions
Data requirement may change according to the details of the assessments Most commonly:
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Global data versus Local Data
Global data Local data
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Surface water changes (1985 – 2016)
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http://aqua-monitor.appspot.com/
Donchyts et.al, 2016, Nature Climate Change
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Applications
▪ Assessment of (long-term) morphodynamic development of river and coastlines
▪ Effects of anthropogenic interventions (e.g. river damming)
▪ Climate change effects on river and coastal waters
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Examples:
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Meandering Niger River
Monitoring lakes and reservoirs(e.g. Toska Lakes, Egypt)
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Shoreline monitor (1984 – 2016)
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https://aqua-monitor.appspot.com/?datasets=shoreline
Luijendijk et al., 2018, Scientific Reports
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Example:
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Erosion east of Lomé port
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Applications
▪ Assessment of (long-term) morphodynamic development of coastlines
▪ Effects of major anthropogenic interventions (e.g. major ports, land reclamation projects, beach nourishments, etc.)
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Question 1: What is the direction of natural alongshore sediment transport?
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16Question 2: Using the Shoreline Monitor (https://aqua-monitor.appspot.com/?datasets=shoreline), identify area which are eroding, accreting
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17Question 2: Using the Shoreline Monitor (https://aqua-monitor.appspot.com/?datasets=shoreline), identify area which are eroding, accreting
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ErosionAccretion
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Bathymetry & Topography (GEBCO / SRTM / Merit…)
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For example:▪ Topography: SRTM, MERIT, TanDEM-X, ALOS World, CoastalDEM▪ Bathmetry: GEBCO
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Sandy beach detection
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https://data.4tu.nl/repository/uuid:a8297dcd-c34e-4e6d-bf66-9fb8913d983d
Athanasiou et al., 2019, Journal of Earth System Science Data
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Estimated nearshore slopes
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https://data.4tu.nl/repository/uuid:a8297dcd-c34e-4e6d-bf66-9fb8913d983d
Athanasiou et al., 2019, Journal of Earth System Science Data
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Global impact of sea level rise on sandy beaches
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Projections of SLR for different climate change scenarios (Joint Research Center)
https://data.4tu.nl/repository/uuid:a8297dcd-c34e-4e6d-bf66-9fb8913d983d
Athanasiou et al., 2019, Journal of Earth System Science Data
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Under development: toolkit for coastal hazard assessment
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An assessment of the impact of anthropogenic interventions and climate change on the West African coastline
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The Sand River: Actions taking place along the “sand river” are interrelated
▪ Client: World Bank▪ Financer: Water Partnership Programme (WPP)
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Viewer West Africa
http://v-web004.deltares.nl/africa/africa/
Giardino et al., 2018. Journal of Ocean & Coastal Management
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Free dataset nearshore waves: http://opendap.deltares.nl/thredds/catalog/opendap/deltares/publications/Giardino_2017/catalog.html
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Wave attenuation by foreshore vegetation
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https://fast.openearth.eu/index.htm
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Coastline dynamics
Breakwater design
Wave penetration
Channel sedimentation
Harbour basin siltation
eCoDeS
Interactive flow fields
CoDeS: An integrated and interactive toolbox for the design of coastal infrastructure
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Generic data
Settings
Coastline
Bathymetry
Structures
Waves
Tide
Sediment
CoDeS Tools
Consistent tool input
Open-source by 01-01-‘20
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Some examples
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The SimpleCoast toolkit
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Do you notice any similarity in those pictures?
Aruba
Sao Tome
GeorgiaBenin
Bangladesh
Common challenges
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... when you are lucky … when you are less lucky
Knowledge fragmentation
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What is SimpleCoast?
Common challenges
Possible synergy for similar solutions
Knowledge fragmentation
Knowledge sharing platform for simple assessment of problems and solution:▪ Website▪ Knowledge notes▪ Free tools and tutorials▪ Trainings
Does NOT replace more complex models!!!
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The website
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http://www.simplecoast.com/
Giardino, A., 2017 Proceedings of the Medcoast 2017 Conference, Malta.
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Knowledge notes
Notes of about 15 – 20 pages on the following topics
▪ Adaptive Approaches to Coastal Zone Management
▪ Coastal Processes and Problems
▪ Data Collection and Monitoring
▪ Coastal Adaptation Solutions
“Simple and Practical”
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Tools and Tutorials
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• Tools + tutorials (one for each tool) including practical examples and applications
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SimpleCoast: practical application
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Exercise
Assess the coastal erosion problem near Abidjan and possible adaptation options
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38Question 3: Using SimpleCoast (http://www.simplecoast.com/toolstutorials/), tool “Littoral” estimate yearly average alongshore sediment transport rate
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Physical setting
• Sediment size 0.2 mm
• Offshore wave height 1 m
• Tidal range spring tide 0.8 m
• Shore normal angle to North = 0
• Wave angle to North = 10
Alongshore sediment transport 300 – 600,000 m3/year (depending on the formula used)
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Question 4: Using SimpleCoast (http://www.simplecoast.com/toolstutorials/), tool “beachnourishment” estimate lifetime of a beach nourishment to protect the observed erosion
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Physical setting
• Sediment size for the beach fill 0.25 mm
• Net alongshore sediment transport 500,000 m3/year
• Total length nourishment = 2 km
41Lifetime is about 5 years
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Discussions
• Feedback and needs on knowledge/tools to be developed
• Hands-on trainings
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