Germanium

Ge

periodic table locationon the periodic

table, Germanium is found in group 14 and period 4. Germanium is a

metalloid.

Germanium DetailsGermanium DetailsGermanium DetailsGermanium Details

Atomic Number:32Atomic Radius:122.5 pmAtomic Symbol:GeMelting Point:938.25 CAtomic Weight:72.59Boiling Point:2833 CElectron Configuration:[Ar]4s23d104p2

Oxidation States:4, 2Density: 5.323 g/cm3Ions: +4

Isotopes & Ions of Germanium

Isotopes & Ions of Germanium

Germanium has an ionic charge

of +4

Structure of GermaniumStructure of Germanium

Germanium Germanium has 32 has 32

Protons and Protons and has around has around

40 Neutrons.40 Neutrons.

Properties of GermaniumProperties of Germanium

Germanium is a gray-white metalloid. In pure state, Germanium is crystalline and brittle. It is a very important semiconductor.

Germanium is a gray-white metalloid. In pure state, Germanium is crystalline and brittle. It is a very important semiconductor.

germanium orepure germaniumpure germanium

uses of germaniumThe refraction and dispersion properties of its oxide's have made germanium a useful component of wide-angle camera lenses and microscope objectives.

Germanium and germanium oxide are transparent to the infrared and are used in infrared spectroscopes and other optical equipment

Germanium mineral pills

germanium button

infared lense

History of GermaniumIn 1869, Dmitri Mendeleev predicted the existence of several unknown elements, including one filling a gap in the carbon family, between silicon and tin. Because of its position in the table, he called it ekasilicon (Es) and assigned it an atomic weight of 72.

In mid-1885, in a mine near Freiberg, Saxony, a new mineral was found. It was named argyrodite, because of its high silver content. Clemens Winkler examined this new mineral and was able to isolate an element similar to antimony in 1886. Before he published his results on the new element Winkler intended to name the element neptunium, as the actual discovery of planet Neptune in 1846 had been preceded by mathematical prediction of its existence. However, the name neptunium had already been given to an element , and instead, Winkler named the new metal germanium. Because the element showed similarities with the elements arsenic and antimony, its place in the periodic table was under discussion, but the similarities between Mendeleev's ekasilicon and germanium confirmed its place. Winkler confirmed the chemical properties of the new element in 1887. He also determined an atomic weight of 72.32, while Lecoq de Boisbaudran deduced 72.3 by a comparison of the lines in the spark spectrum of the element.

$ Cost $Germanium use to cost $3 in the 1900’s, but now it costs $1.50 because of its abundance.

Then Now