GENETICS REVIEW
• A diagram used to
predict the
outcomes of a
genetic cross.
• Punnet Square
• An alternate form of the
same gene for a given trait.
• Allele
Traits that are
controlled by two or
more genes.
Often show a wide variety of
phenotypes.
Example: Human skin color
• Polygenic Traits
The heterozygous
phenotype is a mixture
of both of the parent’s
phenotypes.
Example:
Red flowers = RR
White flowers = rr
Pink flowers = Rr
• Incomplete Dominance
• Law of Independent
Assortment
Genes for different traits can
separate independently from
each other when forming
gametes (sperm and egg).
• The scientific study
of heredity.
• Genetics
• When both alleles
for a trait are the
same. (SS or ss)
• Homozygous
• The physical
characteristics of
an organism.
(ex. Tall or short)
• Phenotype
• The alleles from each
parent are separated
during the formation
of gametes
(sperm and egg).
• Segregation
• Sperm and Egg
• Gametes
(in the game of love)
When both alleles for
a trait are different. (Ss)
• Heterozygous
• The form of a trait that
is typically covered up
by the dominant allele.
• Resessive Trait
• The passing of traits
from parents to offspring.
• Heredity
• The expressed form
of a trait that usually
covers up the recessive
allele.
• Dominant
Genes that have more
than two possible
alleles.
Example: Human blood type
Three alleles exist:
A, B, and O
• Multiple Alleles
A specific characteristic
that varies from one
individual to another.
• Trait
A segment of DNA that
can be thousands to
millions of base pairs
long and codes for a trait.
•Gene
Both alleles are
expressed at the same
time in an organism.
Example: Hair color in cattle
Red hair = RR
White hair = WW
Roan (red & white hair) = RW
• Co Dominance
Regular Dominance,
Co Dominance, or
Incomplete Dominance?
Regular Dominance,
Co Dominance, or Incomplete
Dominance?
Regular Dominance,
Co Dominance, or Incomplete
Dominance?
Regular Dominance,
Co Dominance, or Incomplete
Dominance?
Regular Dominance,
Co Dominance, or Incomplete
Dominance?
Regular Dominance,
Co Dominance, or Incomplete
Dominance?
Regular Dominance,
Co Dominance, or Incomplete
Dominance?
Regular Dominance,
Co Dominance, or Incomplete
Dominance?
Regular Dominance,
Co Dominance, or Incomplete
Dominance?
Meiosis
FALSE; crossing over exchanges the DNA
so genetic information is new and different
TRUE or FALSE
After prophase I, sister chromatids are
identical
S2C06 Jeopardy Review
http://www.life.uiuc.edu/plantbio/102/lectures/08mit&veg102.html
Meiosis
Tetrads form and crossing over occurs
S2C06 Jeopardy Reviewhttp://www.life.uiuc.edu/plantbio/102/lectures/08mit&veg102.html
Tell how prophase I is different from
mitosis
A pair of homologous Chromosomes very
close together about to undergo crossing over
What is a tetrad?
S2C06 Jeopardy Review
Meiosis
Meiosis
Diploid
Cells that have 2 copies of each
chromosome are called:
S2C06 Jeopardy Review
Meiosis
MITOSIS
What type of cell division makes
diploid cells?
S2C06 Jeopardy Review
Meiosis
MITOSIS
Which type of cell division is
used by somatic cells to repair
injuries
S2C06 Jeopardy Review
Which type of cell division is
used to produces 4 haploid
gametes?
Meiosis
MEIOSIS
S2C06 Jeopardy Review
Meiosis
Homologous Chromosomes
S2C06 Jeopardy Review
What are these
chromosomes called?
Eye Color is which type of
Trait?
Polygenic
Why is Eye Color a Polygenic Trait?Because Eye Color is coded for by MANY GENES
Poly = Many Genic = Genes
Eye color is coded for on chromosome5 and 9 as well as other genes that code for the distribution of pigment within the iris
What is the Law of Independent Assortment?
Pairs of genes separate freely of each other when forming sperm and egg (gametes)….
Your kids could have your mom’s big lips and your dad’s small teeth, your mom’s short height and your dad’s strong legs…..
Your sperm and eggs (gametes) will have different combinations of genes than even you or your parents have….. (CRAZY!)
Sperm Possibilities:
Mother’s Genes Father’s GenesBrown Hair Blonde HairSmall legs Big legsShort TallFast Slowmetabolism metabolism
Brown HairTallFast MetBig Legs
Blonde HairTallSlow MetSmall Legs
Brown HairShortFast MetSmall Legs
Blonde HairShortFast MetBig Legs