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Gate Distance and Skier Tactics in Slalom
Robert Reid, Matthias Gilgien, Tron Moger, Håvard Tjørhom,
Per Haugen, Ronald Kipp, Gerald Smith
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BACKGROUND METHODS RESULTS &
DISCUSSION SUMMARY
Ted Ligety, Alta Badia, 2007
Norges skiforubund Alpin Trenerseminar
30. Juni til 1. Juli, 2012
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BACKGROUND METHODS RESULTS &
DISCUSSION SUMMARY
Norges skiforubund Alpin Trenerseminar
30. Juni til 1. Juli, 2012
How do skier’s adapt their technique and tactics to courses of varying gate distance?
![Page 4: Gate Distance and Skier Tactics in Slalom€¦ · Robert Reid, Matthias Gilgien, Tron Moger, Håvard Tjørhom, Per Haugen, Ronald Kipp, Gerald Smith . BACKGROUND METHODS RESULTS &](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022050410/5f86eac62c8a421e8656e08e/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
BACKGROUND METHODS RESULTS &
DISCUSSION SUMMARY
Norges skiforubund Alpin Trenerseminar
30. Juni til 1. Juli, 2012
• 3D kinematic analysis.
• 6 male athletes on the Norwegian Europa Cup team.
• Slalom race simulations.
• April 2006.
METHODS
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BACKGROUND METHODS RESULTS &
DISCUSSION SUMMARY
COURSE SETTING
• Open, rhythmical courses (10 m & 13 m distances).
• Even, medium terrain (19˚).
• Compact, hard snow conditions.
Norges skiforubund Alpin Trenerseminar
30. Juni til 1. Juli, 2012
![Page 6: Gate Distance and Skier Tactics in Slalom€¦ · Robert Reid, Matthias Gilgien, Tron Moger, Håvard Tjørhom, Per Haugen, Ronald Kipp, Gerald Smith . BACKGROUND METHODS RESULTS &](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022050410/5f86eac62c8a421e8656e08e/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
BACKGROUND METHODS RESULTS &
DISCUSSION SUMMARY
CAMERAS
• Software genlock
• 4 DV cameras
• 50 Hz
(Pourcelot et al., 2000)
• 720 x 576 resolution
• Panning, tilting, zooming
Y [m]
Z [m]
X [m]
CAM 1
CAM 2
CAM 3
CAM 4
Norges skiforubund Alpin Trenerseminar
30. Juni til 1. Juli, 2012
![Page 7: Gate Distance and Skier Tactics in Slalom€¦ · Robert Reid, Matthias Gilgien, Tron Moger, Håvard Tjørhom, Per Haugen, Ronald Kipp, Gerald Smith . BACKGROUND METHODS RESULTS &](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022050410/5f86eac62c8a421e8656e08e/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
BACKGROUND METHODS RESULTS &
DISCUSSION SUMMARY
Norges skiforubund Alpin Trenerseminar
30. Juni til 1. Juli, 2012
RECONSTRUCTION
• 21 points digitized.
• 2nd-order Butterworth filter.
• Cut-off frequencies:
→ 10 Hz position data.
→ 5 Hz velocity, accerlation.
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BACKGROUND METHODS RESULTS &
DISCUSSION SUMMARY
Norges skiforubund Alpin Trenerseminar
30. Juni til 1. Juli, 2012
SKIER MODEL
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BACKGROUND METHODS RESULTS &
DISCUSSION SUMMARY
TURN CYCLE STRUCTURE
INITIATION
TURN PHASE 1
TURN PHASE 2
COMPLETION
TURN START
GATE
TURN END
0 20 40 60 80 1000
10
20
30
40
50
% Turn Cycle
Cente
r of M
ass T
urn
Radiu
s [m
]
10 m courseINITIATION TURN PHASE 1 TURN PHASE 2 COMPLETION
Norges skiforubund Alpin Trenerseminar
30. Juni til 1. Juli, 2012
![Page 10: Gate Distance and Skier Tactics in Slalom€¦ · Robert Reid, Matthias Gilgien, Tron Moger, Håvard Tjørhom, Per Haugen, Ronald Kipp, Gerald Smith . BACKGROUND METHODS RESULTS &](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022050410/5f86eac62c8a421e8656e08e/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
BACKGROUND METHODS RESULTS &
DISCUSSION SUMMARY
Norges skiforubund Alpin Trenerseminar
30. Juni til 1. Juli, 2012
![Page 11: Gate Distance and Skier Tactics in Slalom€¦ · Robert Reid, Matthias Gilgien, Tron Moger, Håvard Tjørhom, Per Haugen, Ronald Kipp, Gerald Smith . BACKGROUND METHODS RESULTS &](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022050410/5f86eac62c8a421e8656e08e/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
BACKGROUND METHODS RESULTS &
DISCUSSION SUMMARY
Norges skiforubund Alpin Trenerseminar
30. Juni til 1. Juli, 2012
![Page 12: Gate Distance and Skier Tactics in Slalom€¦ · Robert Reid, Matthias Gilgien, Tron Moger, Håvard Tjørhom, Per Haugen, Ronald Kipp, Gerald Smith . BACKGROUND METHODS RESULTS &](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022050410/5f86eac62c8a421e8656e08e/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
BACKGROUND METHODS RESULTS &
DISCUSSION SUMMARY
Norges skiforubund Alpin Trenerseminar
30. Juni til 1. Juli, 2012
![Page 13: Gate Distance and Skier Tactics in Slalom€¦ · Robert Reid, Matthias Gilgien, Tron Moger, Håvard Tjørhom, Per Haugen, Ronald Kipp, Gerald Smith . BACKGROUND METHODS RESULTS &](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022050410/5f86eac62c8a421e8656e08e/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
BACKGROUND METHODS RESULTS &
DISCUSSION SUMMARY
Norges skiforubund Alpin Trenerseminar
30. Juni til 1. Juli, 2012
![Page 14: Gate Distance and Skier Tactics in Slalom€¦ · Robert Reid, Matthias Gilgien, Tron Moger, Håvard Tjørhom, Per Haugen, Ronald Kipp, Gerald Smith . BACKGROUND METHODS RESULTS &](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022050410/5f86eac62c8a421e8656e08e/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
BACKGROUND METHODS RESULTS &
DISCUSSION SUMMARY
Norges skiforubund Alpin Trenerseminar
30. Juni til 1. Juli, 2012
![Page 15: Gate Distance and Skier Tactics in Slalom€¦ · Robert Reid, Matthias Gilgien, Tron Moger, Håvard Tjørhom, Per Haugen, Ronald Kipp, Gerald Smith . BACKGROUND METHODS RESULTS &](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022050410/5f86eac62c8a421e8656e08e/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
BACKGROUND METHODS RESULTS &
DISCUSSION SUMMARY
Norges skiforubund Alpin Trenerseminar
30. Juni til 1. Juli, 2012
![Page 16: Gate Distance and Skier Tactics in Slalom€¦ · Robert Reid, Matthias Gilgien, Tron Moger, Håvard Tjørhom, Per Haugen, Ronald Kipp, Gerald Smith . BACKGROUND METHODS RESULTS &](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022050410/5f86eac62c8a421e8656e08e/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
BACKGROUND METHODS RESULTS &
DISCUSSION SUMMARY
Norges skiforubund Alpin Trenerseminar
30. Juni til 1. Juli, 2012
![Page 17: Gate Distance and Skier Tactics in Slalom€¦ · Robert Reid, Matthias Gilgien, Tron Moger, Håvard Tjørhom, Per Haugen, Ronald Kipp, Gerald Smith . BACKGROUND METHODS RESULTS &](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022050410/5f86eac62c8a421e8656e08e/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
BACKGROUND METHODS RESULTS &
DISCUSSION SUMMARY
Norges skiforubund Alpin Trenerseminar
30. Juni til 1. Juli, 2012
![Page 18: Gate Distance and Skier Tactics in Slalom€¦ · Robert Reid, Matthias Gilgien, Tron Moger, Håvard Tjørhom, Per Haugen, Ronald Kipp, Gerald Smith . BACKGROUND METHODS RESULTS &](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022050410/5f86eac62c8a421e8656e08e/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
BACKGROUND METHODS RESULTS &
DISCUSSION SUMMARY
Norges skiforubund Alpin Trenerseminar
30. Juni til 1. Juli, 2012
![Page 19: Gate Distance and Skier Tactics in Slalom€¦ · Robert Reid, Matthias Gilgien, Tron Moger, Håvard Tjørhom, Per Haugen, Ronald Kipp, Gerald Smith . BACKGROUND METHODS RESULTS &](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022050410/5f86eac62c8a421e8656e08e/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
BACKGROUND METHODS RESULTS &
DISCUSSION SUMMARY
Norges skiforubund Alpin Trenerseminar
30. Juni til 1. Juli, 2012
![Page 20: Gate Distance and Skier Tactics in Slalom€¦ · Robert Reid, Matthias Gilgien, Tron Moger, Håvard Tjørhom, Per Haugen, Ronald Kipp, Gerald Smith . BACKGROUND METHODS RESULTS &](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022050410/5f86eac62c8a421e8656e08e/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
BACKGROUND METHODS RESULTS &
DISCUSSION SUMMARY
Norges skiforubund Alpin Trenerseminar
30. Juni til 1. Juli, 2012
![Page 21: Gate Distance and Skier Tactics in Slalom€¦ · Robert Reid, Matthias Gilgien, Tron Moger, Håvard Tjørhom, Per Haugen, Ronald Kipp, Gerald Smith . BACKGROUND METHODS RESULTS &](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022050410/5f86eac62c8a421e8656e08e/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
BACKGROUND METHODS RESULTS &
DISCUSSION SUMMARY
Norges skiforubund Alpin Trenerseminar
30. Juni til 1. Juli, 2012
![Page 22: Gate Distance and Skier Tactics in Slalom€¦ · Robert Reid, Matthias Gilgien, Tron Moger, Håvard Tjørhom, Per Haugen, Ronald Kipp, Gerald Smith . BACKGROUND METHODS RESULTS &](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022050410/5f86eac62c8a421e8656e08e/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
BACKGROUND METHODS RESULTS &
DISCUSSION SUMMARY
Norges skiforubund Alpin Trenerseminar
30. Juni til 1. Juli, 2012
![Page 23: Gate Distance and Skier Tactics in Slalom€¦ · Robert Reid, Matthias Gilgien, Tron Moger, Håvard Tjørhom, Per Haugen, Ronald Kipp, Gerald Smith . BACKGROUND METHODS RESULTS &](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022050410/5f86eac62c8a421e8656e08e/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
BACKGROUND METHODS RESULTS &
DISCUSSION SUMMARY
Norges skiforubund Alpin Trenerseminar
30. Juni til 1. Juli, 2012
Important to understand how ski characteristics and gate positioning influence
tactics and technique.
Great skiers are geniuses at adapting.
We need to develop skiers who are great adapters.