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Edition EMB Rev 3A
Gas Suspension Absorber Technologyfor
Multi-pollutant Control of Flue Gas Emissions
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Which Dry Scrubbing
Technology to Choose?
• Dry Sorbent Injection
– Lowest capital cost, Increased reagent cost
– Performance Limits for SO2 Reduction
• Spray Dryer Absorber
– Lime Reagent (plus ash recycle)
– Spray Down Temperature Limit
– Sulfur content limits
• Recirculating Dry Scrubber
– Highest performance capability
– Reagent, water injected separately
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Dry Sorbent Injection
• Powdered reagent pneumatically injected
upstream of particulate collector
• Reagent can be hydrated lime, trona, sodium
bicarbonate
• Lime reacts quickly with HCl, less so with SO2
absent moisture
• Sodium compounds are non-selective towards
acid gases, can complicate disposal options
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Spray Dryer Absorbers
• Lime slurry is atomized into droplets, sprayed
into absorber
• Water in slurry evaporates, cools and
humidifies the gas
• Spray down temperature limits slurry input,
which can limit applicability
– Low inlet temperatures
– High sulfur contents
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Recirculating Dry Scrubbers
• Powdered hydrated lime is used as reagent
• Water is used to cool and humidify
• Lime and water are injected separately
– Eliminates spray down temperature limit
– Can handle higher sulfur fuels
• High level of solids recirculation in reactor
– Higher removal efficiencies
– Higher reagent utilization
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Recent Trends in Dry
Scrubbers
• DSI very popular for MATS & MACT
compliance
– HCl capture
• Recirculating Dry Scrubbers increasingly used
for larger units
– Both as FGD and as polishing scrubbers
• Spray Dryers maintain niche applicability
– Effective on PRB coal
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• A recirculating bed dry scrubber technology capable of efficient acid gas control
– SO2, HCl, and H2SO4.
• Utilizes lime reagent either as dry hydrate or as lime slurry.
• Coupled with ESP or FF for control of PM and PM-10 emissions.
• Can incorporate ACI for control of Hg and dioxins/furans.
• Emissions of HCl, PM, Hg below MATS and MACT requirements.
Gas Suspension Absorber Technology
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• Cyclone captures majority of bed material
• Recirculation box returns captured material to bed
• Excellent for retrofitting existing plants
• Experience with various combustor types
• Can utilize typical filter or ESP
– Not elevated or oversized
• Slim footprint
• Modularized Approach
– Pre-engineered sizes up to about 500,000 ACFM per reactor
• Can utilize either dry lime injection or lime slurry
– Low consumption rates.
Unique Features of the GSA
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Gas Suspension AbsorberWith dry lime injection
1 Active carbon silo2 Reactor3 Cyclone4 Re circulation box5 Nozzle lance6 Pump7 Water tank8 Air compressor9 Blower
10 Ca(OH)2 silo11 Fabric filter12 Flue gas
13 Re-circulated sorbent
14 By-product to silo or disposal
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• Used extensively for power and incineration
applications for more than 20 years
• Numerous installations in North America, Europe
and Asia
• Five projects (nine industrial boilers) executed
since KC licensed the technology in 2005
Gas Suspension Absorber Experience
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Gas Suspension Absorber Nine Dragons, China
BAGHOUSE
CYCLONES
REACTOR
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Gas Suspension AbsorberPoint Comfort, TX
BAGHOUSE
CYCLONES
REACTOR
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Gas Suspension Absorber Cheng Loong, Taiwan
BAGHOUSE
CYCLONE
REACTOR
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GSA Under Construction
Petron Refinery, Philippines
BAGHOUSE
CYCLONES
REACTOR
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• No internal moving parts
• Economical
• Low outlet emissions of HCl, SO2, PM, Hg
• Low reagent usage
• Ability to use existing collector (ESP, FF)
• Minimal plan area requirement
• Modular configuration
• Shorter erection period
Benefits of the GSA Dry Scrubber
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Thank you!
Questions?
Mike Widico
908-304-2004
Kevin Cosman
908-923-0694