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Fungal Structure
362 MIC
Amal Alghamdi
4/7/2014 1Dep. of Botany & Microbiology
King Saud UniversityDepartment of Botany and Microbiology
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Fungi
• Eukaryotes
• Heterotrophic
• Their cell wall contain chitin, a polymer of acetyl glucosamine.
• Example: yeast, molds, mushrooms, etc…
• The study of fungi: mycology.
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Vegetative Structure
• The thallus (body) of a mold and fleshy fungus consists of long filaments of cells joined together. Theses filaments are called hyphae (singular hypha).
• Most of the molds contain cross-walled called septa (singular: septum). Which separate them; Hyphae that has this is called septate hyphae.
• Other clasess of fungi have hyphae that contain no septa and appear as long continuous cells with many nuclei. These are called coenocytic hyphae.
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Septate, Coenocytic, and Hyphae growth
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Hypha
• Hypha that obtains nutrients are called the vegitative hypha,
• hypha section that involved in the reproduction is the reproductive or aerial hypha.
• hypha will grow and form filamentous mass called mycelium.
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Aerial and Vegetative Hyphae
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• Asexual spores are formed by the hyphae of one organism. Once they germinate they become organisms that are genetically identical to the parent. Ex: arthrospore, blastospore, conidiospore, & sporangiospore
• Sexual spores are result from the fusion of nuclei from two opposite mating strains of the same species of fungus.Ex: zygospore, oospore, ascospore, & basidiospore
Fungal Spores
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• Nonfilamentous
• Unicellular fungi
• Typicaly spherical or oval
Yeast– unicellular fungi
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• Budding Yeast ---> divide unevenlySaccharomyces cerevisae
• Pseudohypha ---> Buds that fail to detach themselves and form a short chain of cellsCandida albicans
• Fission yeast--> Divide evenly to produce two new cells during divisionSchizosaccharomyces
Yeast reproduction
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Budding yeast
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Schizosaccharomyces
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• Form zoospore : flagellated and motile, asexual spore develop in zosporangium
• Sexual spore : Oospore
Chytridiomycota
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Zoospore-Chytridiomycota
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• Non septate hyphae
• Produce asexual spores Sporangiospores in the sacs called sporangia
• Sexual spores : Zygospore
• Example : Rhizopus stolonifer
Mucor
Zygomycota
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zigospore
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• Produce sexual spore the ascospore formed within sacs called ascus.
• Ascus in macroscopic structures called ascocarp.
• Asexual spores : conidiospore
• Ex: Claviceps purpurea ergot disease
Morchella esculenta
Aspergillus
Ascomycota
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Morchella esculenta
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• Most of the members are mushrooms
• Has basidiocaprs
• Spore bearing structures called basidia
• Sexual spores : basidiospore
• Asexual spores : conidiospore
Basidiomycota
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basidiocarp
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Amanita muscaria
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Agaricus langei
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بمشيئة هللابمشيئة هللا
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Rhizopusفطر
هيفات
جذور
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Aspergillusفطر
Chains of Conidia
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Saccharomycesفطر
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Example of unicellular motile algeطحلب
Chlamydomonas
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1- Cyanophyta
Nostocطحلب : مثل
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2- Cholorophyta
Spirogyraطحلب: مثل
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Conjugation in Spyrogyra
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2- Cholorophyta
Volvoxطحلب الفولفكس : مثل
غالف جيالتيني
مستعمرات بنوية
خاليا تكاثرية
خاليا جسدية
Microscopic graph
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