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FUNCTIONAL MOVEMENT
SCREEN
Brad Eggebraaten PT, SCS, ATC
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Optimum Performance Pyramid
Functional Movement
Functional Performance
Functional Skill
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Optimum Performance Pyramid
Mobility
ROM / flexibility
Stability
core stability / neuromuscular control
Testing
FMS / Y balance test
Functional Movement
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Optimum Performance Pyramid
Kinetic linking movements gross movement not isolationPower production movements Olympic lifts / plyometrics
Testing vertical leap / medicine ball toss
Functional Performance
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Optimum Performance Pyramid
Sports specific training
Control and proper technique
coaching / video analysis
Testing
3 point shooting / baseball infield testing
Functional Skill
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Key question
Functional Movement
Functional Performance
Functional Skill
Are we building fitness and skill on top of dysfunction?
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What is the FMS?What is the FMS?
• A series of movements designed to evaluate A series of movements designed to evaluate stability and mobility (i.e. functional movement)stability and mobility (i.e. functional movement)
• Uses extreme positions where weaknesses and Uses extreme positions where weaknesses and imbalances become noticeableimbalances become noticeable
• Ultimate goal is to identify athletes at increased Ultimate goal is to identify athletes at increased risk for injuryrisk for injury
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Key PrinciplesKey Principles
• Optimum functional movementOptimum functional movement– Balance between mobility and stabilityBalance between mobility and stability
• Tightness = weaknessTightness = weakness– Example :Example :
» Hamstring seemingly become tight when the core is Hamstring seemingly become tight when the core is too weak to control the pelvistoo weak to control the pelvis
» Targeting the tightness only will result in a short Targeting the tightness only will result in a short term gain at bestterm gain at best
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Functional Movement ScreenFunctional Movement Screen
• Consists of 7 tasksConsists of 7 tasks• Scored 0 (lowest) through III (highest)Scored 0 (lowest) through III (highest)
– Lowest score counts on bilateral testsLowest score counts on bilateral tests
• Best possible score = 21Best possible score = 21
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Scoring the FMSScoring the FMS™™
III – Able to complete taskIII – Able to complete task
II – Able to complete task with compensationII – Able to complete task with compensation
I – Unable to complete the task I – Unable to complete the task
0 – Pain during test (or clearing exam)0 – Pain during test (or clearing exam)
Max Score = 21 pointsMax Score = 21 points
Also looking for asymmetryAlso looking for asymmetry
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Asymmetry
• musculo-skeletal asymmetry is a well established risk factor for injury
Ekstrand & Gillquist, 1983; Knapik et al., 1991; Baumhauer et al., 1995; Nadler et al., 2000; Soderman et al., 2001; Plisky et al., 2006; Myer et al., 2008; Yeung et al., 2009
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Functional Movement ScreenFunctional Movement Screen
• Deep SquatDeep Squat• Hurdle StepHurdle Step• In-line LungeIn-line Lunge• Shoulder MobilityShoulder Mobility• Active Straight Leg RaiseActive Straight Leg Raise• Trunk Stability Push UpTrunk Stability Push Up• Rotary Stability Rotary Stability
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DEEP SQUATRequires:
closed kinetic chain dorsiflexion of the ankles
flexion of the knees and hips
extension of the thoracic spine
flexion and abduction of the shoulders
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DEEP SQUATRequires:
mobility :
ankle, knee, hip, thoracic spine, and shoulders
stability :
core in symmetrical stance
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DEEP SQUATUpper torso is parallel
with tibia or toward vertical
Femur below horizontal
Knees are aligned over feet
Dowel aligned over feet
FunctionalMovement.com
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HURDLE STEPRequires:
stance-leg stability of the ankle, knee, and hip
closed-kinetic chain extension of the hip
step-legopen-kinetic chain dorsiflexion of the ankle
flexion of the knee and hip
adequate balance-dynamic stability
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HURDLE STEPRequires:
mobility :step leg ankle, knee and hip
stability :stance leg ankle, knee, and hip with
closed chain hip extensioncore stabilization to maintain adequate balance in single leg stance
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HURDLE STEP
Hips, knees and ankles remain aligned in the sagittal plane
Minimal to no movement is noted in lumbar spine
Dowel and hurdle remain parallel
FunctionalMovement.com
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IN-LINE LUNGERequires:
stance leg stability of the ankle, knee, and hip apparent closed kinetic-chain hip
abduction step-leg
mobility of hip abductionankle dorsiflexion, and rectus femoris
flexibility adequate balance due to the lateral stress
imposed
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IN-LINE LUNGERequires:
mobility :stance leg ankle, knee, and hipkneeling leg thigh flexibility
stability :bilateral ankle, knee, hip
core stabilization to maintain balance in asymmetrical stance
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IN-LINE LUNGEDowel contacts remain
with lumbar spine extension
No torso movement is noted
Dowel and feet remain in sagittal plane
Knee touches board behind heel of front foot
FunctionalMovement.com
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SHOULDER MOBILITYRequires:
shoulder mobility in a combination of motions including
abduction/external rotation, flexion/extension, andadduction/internal rotation
scapular and thoracic spine mobility.
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SHOULDER MOBILITY Fists are within one
hand length
(Assume one hand length is 8 inches)
FunctionalMovement.com
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ACTIVE SLRRequires:
functional hamstring flexibility, which is the flexibility that is available during training and competition
(this is different from passive flexibility, which is more commonly assessed)
adequate hip mobility of the opposite leg
lower abdominal stability
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ACTIVE SLRRequires:
Mobility :functional hamstring flexibility, which is the flexibility that is available during training and competition(this is different from passive flexibility, which is more commonly assessed)adequate asymmetrical hip mobility
Stability : lower abdominals
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ACTIVE SLR• Ankle/Dowel resides
between mid-thigh and ASIS
FunctionalMovement.com
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TRUNK STABILITY PUSH UP
requires:symmetric trunk stability in the sagittal plane during a symmetric upper extremity movement
(Many functional activities in sport require the trunk stabilizers to transfer force symmetrically from the upper extremities to the lower extremities and vice versa)
If :the trunk does not have adequate stability during these activities, kinetic energy will be dispersed and lead to poor functional performance, as well as increased potential for micro traumatic injury
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TRUNK STABILITY PUSH UP
Males perform one repetition with thumbs aligned with the top of the forehead
Females perform one repetition with thumbs aligned with chin
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ROTARY STABILITYRequires:
asymmetric trunk stability in both sagittal and transverse planes during asymmetric upper and lower extremity movement
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ROTARY STABILITYPerforms one correct
unilateral repetition while keeping spine parallel to surface
Knee and elbow touch
FunctionalMovement.com
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Clinical ImplicationsClinical Implications
• Identifies athletes at risk of injuryIdentifies athletes at risk of injury
• Targeted Objective ExamTargeted Objective Exam– Narrows the scopeNarrows the scope
• Implement Exercise ProgressionsImplement Exercise Progressions– Specific to deficiencies found during the FMSSpecific to deficiencies found during the FMS
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ResearchResearch
• J Occup Med Toxicol. Apr 2007.J Occup Med Toxicol. Apr 2007.– 433 firefighters433 firefighters– 62% reduction in lost time with intervention62% reduction in lost time with intervention– 42% reduction in 12-month injury rate42% reduction in 12-month injury rate
• NFL DataNFL Data– If FMS score is If FMS score is << 14, and there is an asymmetry, then 14, and there is an asymmetry, then
the probability of suffering a time loss injury increased the probability of suffering a time loss injury increased from 15% (pre-test probability) to just over 50%from 15% (pre-test probability) to just over 50%
– Scores can be improved with a specific off Scores can be improved with a specific off
season training program.season training program.
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Research
• Intrarater and Interrater Reliability– Minick, KI, Kiesel, KB, Burton, L, Taylor, A, Plisky, P, and Butler,
RJ. Interrater reliability of the Functional Movement Screen. J Strength Cond Res 24(2): 479–486, 2010
– Teyhen,DS, Donofry DF, Shaffer SW, Walker MJ, Lorenson CL,Dugan JL, Halfpap JP, Childs MD. Functional movement
screen: a reliability study in service members. US Army Med Dep J. 2010 Jul-Sep:71
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References
• Cook, Gray Athletic Body in Balance, 2003.
• Functional Movement.com