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Cloud computingThe three-tier architectural style &
Google AppEngine
Some material adapted from slides by Indranil Gupta, Jimmy Lim, Christophe Bisciglia, Aaron Kimball, & Sierra Michels-Slettvet, Google Distributed Computing Seminar, (licensed under Creation Commons Attribution 3.0 License)
“Cloud computing is simply a buzzword used to repackage grid computing
and utility computing, both of which have existed for decades.”
“Cloud computing is simply a buzzword used to repackage grid computing
and utility computing, both of which have existed for decades.”
whatis.comDefinition of Cloud Computing
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“The interesting thing about cloud computing is that we’ve redefined cloud computing to include everything that we already do. […]
The computer industry is the only industry that is more fashion-driven than women’s fashion.
Maybe I’m an idiot, but I have no idea what anyone is talking about. What is it? It’s complete gibberish. It’s insane. When is this idiocy going to stop?”
“The interesting thing about cloud computing is that we’ve redefined cloud computing to include everything that we already do. […]
The computer industry is the only industry that is more fashion-driven than women’s fashion.
Maybe I’m an idiot, but I have no idea what anyone is talking about. What is it? It’s complete gibberish. It’s insane. When is this idiocy going to stop?”
Larry EllisonDuring Oracle’s Analyst Day
From http://blogs.wsj.com/biztech/2008/09/25/larry-ellisons-brilliant-anti-cloud-computing-rant/ 6
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Steady CAPEX spend
Global Annual Server Spending (IDC)
Source: IBM Corporate Strategy analysis of IDC data
Uncontrolled management and energy costs
To make progress, delivery organizations must address the server, storage and network operating cost problem, not just CAPEX
$0B
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New system spend Management and admin costsPower and cooling costs
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A new consumption and delivery model inspired by consumer Internet services.
Private, Public and Hybrid
Workload and/or Programming Model Specific
The Industrialization of Delivery for IT supported Services
Cloud Services
Cloud Computing Model
Self-service Sourcing options Economies-of-scale
Multiple Types of Clouds will co-exist:
“Cloud” represents:
Cloud enables:“Cloud” is:
Cloud computing: a new consumption and delivery model inspired by consumer Internet services.
5 key characteristics:
• On-demand self-service • Ubiquitous network access• Location independent resource pooling• Rapid elasticity• Pay per use
While the technology is not new, the end user focus of self-service, self-management leveraging these technologies is new.
Virtualization ServiceAutomation
UsageTracking Web 2.0
End User Focused
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A new consumption and delivery model inspired by consumer Internet services.
Private, Public and Hybrid
Workload and/or Programming Model Specific
The Industrialization of Delivery for IT supported Services
Cloud Services
Cloud Computing Model
Self-service Sourcing options Economies-of-scale
Multiple Types of Clouds will co-exist:
“Cloud” represents:
Cloud enables:“Cloud” is:
Hardware
Operating System
App App App
Traditional StackHardware
OS
App App App
Hypervisor
OS OS
Virtualized Stack
Hardware
JVM
App App App
OS/JVM Managent
JVM JVM
Virtualized Stack
Enterprise
Mutiple primary delivery models companies are implementing for cloud
Public CloudIT activities/functions are provided “as a service,” over the Internet Key features:
Scalability Automatic/rapid provisioning Standardized offerings Consumption-based pricing. Multi-tenancy
Traditional Enterprise
IT
Private CloudIT activities/functions are provided “as a service,” over an intranet, within the enterprise and behind the firewall Key features include:
Scalability Automatic/rapid provisioning Chargeback ability Widespread virtualization
Private CloudPublic Clouds
Hybrid Cloud
Source: IBM Market Insights, Cloud Computing Research, July 2009.
Infrastructure as a service (IaaS) Utility computing Why buy machines when you can rent cycles? Examples: Amazon’s EC2, GoGrid, AppNexus
Platform as a Service (PaaS) Give me nice API and take care of the
implementation Example: Google App Engine
Software as a Service (SaaS) Just run it for me! Example: Gmail
Virtualized environments only get benefits of scale if they
are highly utilized
Drives lower capital requirements
More complexity = less automation possible =
people needed
Take repeatable tasks and automateL
abo
r L
ever
age
Infr
astr
uct
ure
L
ever
age
Clients who can “serve themselves” require less support and get services
Self Service
Automation of Management
Standardization of Workloads
Virtualization of Hardware
Utilization of Infrastructure
Server/Storage
Utilization10-20%
Self service NoneTest
ProvisioningWeeks
Change Managemen
tMonths
Release Managemen
tWeeks
Metering/Billing
Fixed cost model
Payback period for
new servicesYears
70-90%
Unlimited
Minutes
Days/Hours
Minutes
Granular
Months
Legacy environments Cloud enabled enterprise
Cloud accelerates business value across a wide variety of domains.
Capability From To
Marc Benioff, head of salesforce.com “Cloud computing isn't just candyfloss
thinking – it's the future. If it isn't, I don't know what is. We're in it. You're going to see this model dominate our industry."
Is data really safe in the cloud? "All complex systems have planned and unplanned downtime. The reality is we are able to provide higher levels of reliability and availability than most companies could provide on their own," says Benioff
Push factors
Fluctuating demand Highly standardized
applications Modular,
independent applications
Unacceptably high costs
Barriers
Data privacy or regulatory and
compliance issues High level of Internal
control required Accessibility and
reliability are a concern Cost is not a concern
Source: IBM Market Insights, Cloud Computing Research,
Trade-off is value vs. risk of migration
Workload characteristics are critical New workloads will emerge as cloud
makes them affordable (eg pervasive analytics, Smart Healthcare)
Different levels of abstraction Instruction Set VM: Amazon EC2 ApplicationLevel VM: Google AppEngine
Similar to languages Higher level abstractions can be built on top of
lower ones
EC2 Azure AppEngineForce.com
Lower-level,More flexibility,More managementNot scalable by default
Higher-level,Less flexibility,
Less managementAutomatically scalable
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Separation of concerns: Presentation, business and data handling logic are clearly partitioned in different tiers.
Synchronous communications: Communications between tiers is synchronous request-reply. Each tier waits for a response from the other tier before proceeding.
Flexible deployment: There are no restrictions on how a multi-tier application is deployed. All tiers could run on the same machine, or each tier may be deployed on its own machine.
Databases
Application Logic
Web Server / Presentation Logic
Web Client
Web Client
Web Client
Client Tier
Web ServerTier
Business Logic Tier
Data Management Tier
BigTable
(your) Java / Python hosted application
/ Presentation Logic
Web Client
Web Client
Web Client
Client Tier
Web ServerTier
Business Logic Tier
Data Management Tier
Hosting Server
Simplified (Web Application) development (for a part of the application lifecycle)
by leveraging Google infrastructure▪ Scalability ▪ Reliability ▪ Functionality
Simplified (Web Application) development Implementation
▪ Simplified/integrated application monitoring and logging
▪ Simplified user authentication ▪ Tooling
Deployment / maintenance / and use ▪ No servers to setup – Apache, EJB containers,
database▪ No server management / monitoring / upgrade ▪ Billing model: Pay per use
▪ Reduced upfront investment ▪ [Promise of] scalability▪ Monitoring and statistics▪ User authentication
Runs your code (e.g., servlet) Restricted JVM environment
▪ Threads, security manager, file-access read only, new connections, reflection
Enforces Isolation Keeps apps safe from each other Many applications, many concurrent requests
▪ Smaller footprint
Stateless! Allows for scheduling flexibility
Time bound!
Service API requests to access to other services
Based on BigTable http://labs.google.com/papers/bigtable.h
tml
Replicated and fault tolerant On commit: ≥3 machines Geographically distributed
No relational model!New API.
Benefits▪ Scalability▪ No machines to manage▪ Integrated development/production environment
▪ Tools: admin console, logging▪ Easy deployment
Some restrictions ▪ Small request footprint (implicit) ▪ Fast requests▪ Stateless requests ▪ Schemaless data model▪ [understand their impact and the reasons they
were added]
AppEngine: specialized platform for Web Applications unfit for general computing.
Support for part of lifecycle of a web application
Offers transparent access to scalable infrastructure You pay a price for the ‘infinite’ scalability
offered: constrains on your application ▪ Requests have to explicitly fetch state, schemaless
data models, limits on resource usage for each request.