Fluorinated Waste and Firefighting ActivitiesBiodegradation Of Halogenated Foams From Petrochemical Refinery Soil
Dr. Renato Nallin MontagnolliPostdoctoral research supervised
by Prof. Ederio Dino Bidoia
São Paulo State UniversityRio Claro – SP – Brazil
Petroleum
Coal
Hidroeletrical
Gas
Nuclear
Berkeley
Firefighting foam
AqueousFilmFormingFoam
Aqueous Film
Oxygen
Foam Blanket
Foam Blanket
Perfluorinated compounds (PFCs)
PFBSaAm
PFPeSaAmA
PFHxS
PFOSPFBA
PFHpA
PFNA
FtTAoS
FtSaAm
FtB
FtS
PFDS
PFOSaAm
PFUdA
PFHpS
PFBSaAmAPFBSaAm
PFPeSaAmA
PFHxSPFDS
PFHpS
PFHxS
PFOSPFBA
PFHpA
PFNA
FtTAoSFtB
FtS
PFBSaAm
PFPeSaAmA
PFHxS
PFHpS
PFOS
PFBA
PFHpA
PFNA
FtB
FtS
PFBSaAmA
PFBSaAm
PFHpS
PFBSaAm
PFPeSaAmA
PFHpS
Elet
roflu
orat
ion
Fluortelomeration
PFCs
PFASprecursoras
FtTAoSFTOH
PFOA e PFOS
ex.: PFHxS, PFBAPFCAsPFSAs
FtSsFtBs
Deg
rada
tion
Formulation
PersistenceBioacumulation
Ecotoxicity
Human HealthLow weight in
newborns (FEI et al., 2007)
Menopause ahead oftime (KNOX et al.,
2011)
Low fertility atdetected in young
men semen(JOENSEN et al.,
2009)
Tireoidal diseases athuman population in the US (MELZER et
al., 2010).
Lowered attention(HOFFMAN et al.,
2010)
Compromisedimmunoresponseafter vaccination
(GRANDJEAN et al., 2012).
Renal insuficiencynearby a PFAS
factory (BARRY et al., 2013).
Ecotoxicity
Hepatotoxicity (FUENTES et al., 2007, JOHANSSON et al., 2009)
Imunotoxicity (PEDEN -ADAMS et al., 2008 e THIBODEAUX et al., 2003, HUANG et al., 2010)
Neurotoxicity (HAGENAARS et al., 2008, ANKLEY et al., 2005).
Bioacumulation
General wildlife (BAO et al., 2009; HOUDE et al., 2011; LOOS et al., 2010). Swedish minks (PERSSON et al., 2013) Fish (OAKES et al., 2010) Canadian sea turtles (SOLLA et al.,
2012).
LawsA Norma ABNT NBR 12615, em vigor desde 25/03/92, supera os requisitos da norma Petrobrás N- 1886 (1983) e torna tais substancias aprovadas para a comercialização, sem a preocupação com contaminações ambientais subsequentes
BTEX AFFF
Petroleumindustrycontext
Micro-organisms
The objective of this research was to detect the effects of the
individual components of full AFFF formulations and
characterize shifts in aromaticsdegradation while measuring
byproducts.
- 50 mL BH media- 50 µL AFFF- 9 µL BTEX- 5 g soil
- Simulatedcontamination from a refinery sample
Aerobic
Anaerobic
GC-FID(BTEX)
present study
GC-MS(AFFF)
ongoing research
Biotransformation Monitoring
Incubation
(35oC / no shaking)
GC-FID
n-alcanes
BTEX
GC-FID
AFFF Ansulite FormulationComponent Structure Concentration Fncrion
Water 77~85% Solvent
Dietyleneglicol
butil eter (Butyl
carbitol - DGBE)
12% Co-solvent / anti-
freezing
Alkyl-sulfates 1~2% Foam formation
agente
Perfluoriunated
surfactants
(Lodyne)
1~6% Foam forming,
spreading, fuel
difusion limiting
agente
Tolyltriazole 0,05% Anti-corrosion
AFFF Ansulite FormulationWater
DGBE
PFCs
AFFF
GC-FID
� A (AFFF) – Average degradation� B (DGBE only) – Lowest removal� C (Lodyne only) – Highest removal
Chromatogram before biodegradation Benzene (peak A) and toluene (peak B) mixture
A
B
Chromatogram after biodegradation in C (Lodyne) assaysshowing possible cathecol (peak C) and styrene (peak D) byproducts
formation
A C
B D
The release of persistent compounds should be avoided.
The context of this release is that of emergency situations in which lives and properties are at risk.
Reasonable thinking is recommended for defining priorities, where environmental remediation must be
placed in the background, since human safety is compromised.
The goal is not to preserve the environment to the detriment of human lives. After all, for this reason we have
bioremediation techniques.
DISCLAIMER
Acknowledgements