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Flavio CorsinFlavio Corsin
NACA experiences on NACA experiences on better management, better management,
surveillance and surveillance and traceabilitytraceability
Network of Aquaculture Network of Aquaculture Centres in Asia-PacificCentres in Asia-Pacific
AustraliaBangladesh Cambodia China Hong Kong SAR IndiaIndonesiaI.R. IranKorea (DPR)
MalaysiaMyanmar
NepalPakistan
PhilippinesSri LankaThailandVietnam
Promote rural development through sustainable aquaculture
Aquaculture Aquaculture worldwideworldwide
Fastest growing food producing sectorFastest growing food producing sector Accounts for more than 1/3 of total Accounts for more than 1/3 of total
fisheries sectorfisheries sector
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000
Year
Pro
du
cti
on
(m
.m.t
)
Aquaculture Capture Total
146 mmt
91 mmt
55 mmt
Aquaculture Aquaculture in Asia-Pacificin Asia-Pacific
90% of world aquaculture production!90% of world aquaculture production! Huge economic importanceHuge economic importance
Major foreign currency earnerMajor foreign currency earner Food consumption and securityFood consumption and security
2/3 of fisheries products available for 2/3 of fisheries products available for consumption are consumed in Asia!consumption are consumed in Asia!
Employment Employment about 20 million people full-timeabout 20 million people full-time
One important example: shrimp farmingOne important example: shrimp farming
Shrimp farmingShrimp farming Global shrimp production (in 2003) Global shrimp production (in 2003)
1.8 million metric tons1.8 million metric tons Valued USD 9.3 billionValued USD 9.3 billion
Asia produced (in 2003)Asia produced (in 2003) 1.5 m.m.t. (83% of the global production)1.5 m.m.t. (83% of the global production) Valued USD 7.8 billion Valued USD 7.8 billion
Rapidly growing in recent years Rapidly growing in recent years China 3.4-fold increase (1998→2003)China 3.4-fold increase (1998→2003) Vietnam 4.5-fold increase (1998→2003)Vietnam 4.5-fold increase (1998→2003)
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
2
1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000
Pro
du
cti
on
[m
.m.t
]
China Thailand Viet Nam Indonesia India Brazil Ecuador Bangladesh Philippines Others
Global shrimp Global shrimp productionproduction
Major challengesMajor challenges New diseases with old impactsNew diseases with old impacts Environmental degradationEnvironmental degradation
Self-pollutionSelf-pollution Deterioration of resources (e.g. salinization)Deterioration of resources (e.g. salinization)
Increasingly stringent marketsIncreasingly stringent markets Healthier products (limit antibiotic Healthier products (limit antibiotic
residues)residues) TraceabilityTraceability AntidumpingAntidumping
Allegations for poor socio-economical Allegations for poor socio-economical sustainabilitysustainability Declining prices paid to farmersDeclining prices paid to farmers
Need forNeed forbetter = more sustainablebetter = more sustainable
ways to do shrimp farming!ways to do shrimp farming!
Responsible Responsible shrimp farmingshrimp farming
FAO Code of Conduct for Responsible FAO Code of Conduct for Responsible FisheriesFisheries
Principles for responsible shrimp farmingPrinciples for responsible shrimp farming Consortium program (1999)Consortium program (1999)
(NACA, WB, WWF, FAO, UNEP, …)(NACA, WB, WWF, FAO, UNEP, …) NACA supports implementation of principles by: NACA supports implementation of principles by:
promoting Better Management Practices (BMP) to promoting Better Management Practices (BMP) to farmers and through the whole supply chainfarmers and through the whole supply chain
Supporting countries to develop systems in support Supporting countries to develop systems in support to BMP implementation (national strategies, to BMP implementation (national strategies, surveillance)surveillance)
Better Management Better Management PracticesPractices
BMP are practices that target:BMP are practices that target: Environment protectionEnvironment protection Improved shrimp healthImproved shrimp health Improved food safetyImproved food safety Socio-economic sustainabilitySocio-economic sustainability Profitable farmingProfitable farming
Better Management Better Management PracticesPractices
SimpleSimple PracticalPractical Cost-effectiveCost-effective Applicable by all, Applicable by all,
especially small-scale especially small-scale farmersfarmers
System/time specificSystem/time specific
Better Management Better Management PracticesPractices
Focus on working in groupsFocus on working in groups Reduced risk of failure (seed Reduced risk of failure (seed
selection, water management)selection, water management) Increased trading power Increased trading power
(buying seed, selling product)(buying seed, selling product) Include compliance to Include compliance to
systemssystems Surveillance & contingency Surveillance & contingency
planningplanning Traceability (record keeping)Traceability (record keeping)
Surveillance system & Surveillance system & Contingency planningContingency planning
A system to:A system to: Detect emergencies quickly and accuratelyDetect emergencies quickly and accurately Allow sharing of info with all stakeholders Allow sharing of info with all stakeholders
involvedinvolved Extension workersExtension workers Other farming communitiesOther farming communities Local & national authoritiesLocal & national authorities Researchers/diagnostic laboratoriesResearchers/diagnostic laboratories
Allow a prompt reaction to the informationAllow a prompt reaction to the information Disease controlDisease control Disease prevention in areas not yet affected (early Disease prevention in areas not yet affected (early
warning)warning) Allow collection of accurate info on productionAllow collection of accurate info on production
Must be cost effective and affordable by allMust be cost effective and affordable by all Must have “ownership” by allMust have “ownership” by all NACA/FAO/OIE regional reporting systemNACA/FAO/OIE regional reporting system
TraceabilityTraceability
Requirement of importing countries (EU, US,…)Requirement of importing countries (EU, US,…) Food safetyFood safety BioterrorismsBioterrorisms
Record keeping is criticalRecord keeping is critical Concerns about small-scale producersConcerns about small-scale producers But also opportunities for small-scale producers But also opportunities for small-scale producers
in creating links between consumers and in creating links between consumers and producers, for the benefit of both? producers, for the benefit of both?
All Edible products, despite of their origin, will have to be All Edible products, despite of their origin, will have to be accompanied by detailed information on source, production accompanied by detailed information on source, production system and processing procedures so as to make consumers, system and processing procedures so as to make consumers, sanitary and inspection institutions able to follow back and sanitary and inspection institutions able to follow back and forward (one step each direction) the distribution stream of forward (one step each direction) the distribution stream of the productthe product
NACA Pilot projectsNACA Pilot projects
Started in IndiaStarted in India Strong program in VietnamStrong program in Vietnam Also other countriesAlso other countries
IndonesiaIndonesia ThailandThailand IranIran
Mainly working with shrimp Mainly working with shrimp but also marine fish and other but also marine fish and other commodities (not for export)commodities (not for export)
Started in 2001 in 1 stateStarted in 2001 in 1 state Now >1000 ponds (650ha) in 5 Now >1000 ponds (650ha) in 5
statesstates Government promotedGovernment promoted AquaclubsAquaclubs Contract hatcheriesContract hatcheries Over the yearsOver the years
Better yield (by 30%)Better yield (by 30%) Reduced diseases (by 60%)Reduced diseases (by 60%) Sometimes reduced cost of Sometimes reduced cost of
production!production! Better quality productBetter quality product
Now exploring traceability & Now exploring traceability & market access for BMP productsmarket access for BMP products
NACA Pilot projects - IndiaNACA Pilot projects - India
NACA Pilot projects - NACA Pilot projects - Viet Viet NamNam
BMP program started in 2004 with BMP program started in 2004 with about 300 farmers (Danish about 300 farmers (Danish government funded)government funded)
Now incorporated into government Now incorporated into government efforts: country-wide dissemination!efforts: country-wide dissemination!
Activities at all levels (farmers, Activities at all levels (farmers, authorities,…)authorities,…)
Farm resultsFarm results Lower risk of diseasesLower risk of diseases Higher yieldHigher yield Improved probability of making a profit Improved probability of making a profit Good quality productGood quality product
Authorities (local, national)Authorities (local, national) Develop legislation and extension materialDevelop legislation and extension material Develop strategies and systems Develop strategies and systems
(surveillance, traceability…)(surveillance, traceability…)
Viet Nam – Surveillance Viet Nam – Surveillance systemsystem
Use mobile phones to send coded Use mobile phones to send coded SMS to a centralized databaseSMS to a centralized database
Web-based access to dataWeb-based access to data Piloted in 5 provincesPiloted in 5 provinces 34 communes & enumerators34 communes & enumerators 20 ponds/commune 20 ponds/commune
(total 680 ponds)(total 680 ponds) Accurate information recordedAccurate information recorded Some problems in getting Some problems in getting
feedbackfeedback Will use GISWill use GIS Vietnam very interested in Vietnam very interested in
continuingcontinuing
Vietnam - TraceabilityVietnam - Traceability
Based on record keepingBased on record keeping Pond books designed to fit Pond books designed to fit
farmer requirementsfarmer requirements Accurate data collected Accurate data collected
but not yet sent to but not yet sent to databasedatabase
Other projects piloted use Other projects piloted use of mobile phonesof mobile phones
Small scale farmers must Small scale farmers must be able to comply!be able to comply!
Vietnam - OASISVietnam - OASIS BMP – Surveillance – TraceabilityBMP – Surveillance – Traceability All can come together: farmer All can come together: farmer
groups/OASISgroups/OASIS OOne-stop ne-stop AAquaculture quaculture SShop and hop and IInfo nfo
SSystemystem
Farmers
Farmers
Farmers
Farmers
OASIS
Surveillance & Traceability info
BMP materialMarket infoAqua inputs
How can APAN help?How can APAN help? Provide network of expertise for:Provide network of expertise for:
Developing surveillance and traceability Developing surveillance and traceability systemssystems
Developing Developing robustrobust system to provide farmers system to provide farmers with information (extension , market, …)with information (extension , market, …)
Use EM data in support to sustainable Use EM data in support to sustainable aquaculture development (where? when?)aquaculture development (where? when?)
Also links on capture fisheriesAlso links on capture fisheries NACA eager to collaborate & provide NACA eager to collaborate & provide
aquaculture expertise through its aquaculture expertise through its regional linksregional links
Thank youThank you Merbani
Danyavad
Dhanyabaad
Kamsahamnida
ArigatoKhawp khun
Khawp jai
Ar kunTerima kasih
Cam on Nandri
Xie xie
Salamat
Chezu tinbade
Istuti
Merci