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CSNDSP 2006 Iran Telecommunication Research Center 1
Flat Fading Modeling in Fixed MicrowaveRadio Links Based on ITU-R P.530-11
Iran Telecommunication Research Center (ITRC)
Mehrbod Mohajer, Ramin Khosravi, Mehrnoosh Khabiri
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Outlines
Introduction Outage Calculation Fading Prediction in ITU-R P.530-11 Simulations Conclusion
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Propagation Scenarios in LOS Point-to-Point Links
0452-01
Tropospheric scatter
Diffraction
Line-of-sight
0452-02
Hydrometeor scatter
Elevated layer reflection/refraction
Ducting
Line-of-sight with multipath enhancements
Link Design
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What is the Problem? In multi path situation,
several rays with different delays and amplitudes are constructively or destructively added to the ray of direct or line-of-sight (LOS) path which introduce signal fluctuations.
If the signal falls below a certain point the link can be considered to be non functioning.
Outage
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What can we do about it? We cannot possibly know all the details of the environment
through which the signal propagates. We need to take a statistical view of the behaviour of the received
field strength. It is necessary to model the fading effects in such a way that a
reasonable fade margin is obtained to achieve acceptable outage time.
Regarding to PTP links are used ashigh-availability links in the backboneof networks, the model should have thedetailed shape of low probability section of distribution.
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Which Model? Traditionally, the well-known lognormal
distribution is widely used in the fixed wireless system design procedure.
In order to evaluate the performance of high-availability links, a distribution fading model is required which can precisely present the deep fade depths probability distribution.
Conventional distributions can not provide the detailed shape of deep fade depths probability.
The ITU-R P.530-11 model derived from empirical measurements can perform this task excellently.
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All Important Propagation Standards
ITU-R P.530-11 (2005)
TIA-845: Radiowave
Propagation
ETSI: BRAN HIPERACCESS
IEEE 211-1997
IEC 60050-705
Why ITU-R P.530-11?
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Propagation Effects in ITU-R P.530
Fading
Multi-Hop Links
Rain Attenuation
XPD
Diffraction
DistortionVariation in
Angle of Arrival/Launch
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Outlines
Introduction Outage Calculation Fading Prediction in ITU-R P.530-11 Simulations Conclusion
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Fade Margin Concept
Transmitter 1
Receiver 1
Splitter Splitter
Transmitter 2
Receiver 2
OutputPower (Tx)
Branching Losses
waveguide
Prop
agat
ion
Loss
es
Ant
e nna
G
ain
Ant
enna
G
ain
Branching Losses
Receiver threshold Value
Fade Margin
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Outage Time
t
RSL
Noise power threshold
Fade Margin
The real RSL value which
varies in time due to fading
processes.
The RSL value for a path subject
to Free-space and atmospheric
attenuation only.
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Improving Outage Time
t
RSL
Free-space and atmospheric
losses.
Noise power threshold
Fade Margin
By increasing the fade margin, we can improve the outage time.
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Outlines
Introduction Outage Calculation Fading Prediction in ITU-R P.530-11 Simulations Conclusion
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Fading Prediction in ITU-R P.530-11
Flat Fading Prediction For Small Percentage of Time
(Deep Fade Depths) For All Percentage of Time
(Shallow and Deep Fade Depths) Selective Frequency Fading Prediction
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Flat Fading (Deep Fade Depth)
kmdkm 1855.7 GHzfMHz 37450 mradp 37
%101 1000085.0032.097.02.3
Ahfpw
LKdp
42.0003.09.3 110 adN sK
%101 10001.0033.02.10.3
Ahfpw
LKdp
10029.02.410 dNK dhh erp
mhm L 230017 kmNunitdNKmNunit /150/860 1 8506 as
Detailed Link Design Applications Quick Planning Applications
These relations were derived from multiple regressions on fading data for 251 links in various geo-climatic regions of the world with
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Flat Fading (Shallow and Deep Fade Depths)
%10
1)0(00085.0032.0
97.02.30
Lhf
pw KdApp
%10
1)0(001.0033.0
2.10.30
Lhf
pw KdApp
dBpAt 0log2.125
%10 10/0
Aw pp %10 10/
0tA
t pp
%10exp1100 20/Aqw
ap
Detailed Link Design Applications Quick Planning Applications
)),,(),,(( AAqqApqfq tatttaa
AAt AAt Deep Fade Depths Shallow Fade Depths
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Outlines
Introduction Outage Calculation Fading Prediction in ITU-R P.530-11 Simulations Conclusion
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Simulations
Fade probability for ITU-R P.530-11
and Lognormal models
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PDF of the ITU-R P.530-11 model
Deep fade depths probability Shallow fade depths probability
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Simulations
BER of QPSK modulation with various channel
models
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Conclusion The outage calculation and fade margin concept are
reviewed. The prediction methods of multi-path fading are
introduced based on ITU-R P.530-11 standard. The ITU-R P.530-11 model is more accurate in
comparison to the conventional models like Lognormal model.
It is shown that using the theoretical lognormal model instead of empirical ITU-R model will cause to overestimation or underestimation in link design calculations.Therefore, please use ITU-R P.530
model in your lin
k design
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Any Question?
Thanks For Being Such a Good Audience