Fisheries Performance Indicators
A Guest Lecture Prepared for the
United Nations University Fisheries Training Program
Reykjavik, Iceland
Gunnar Knapp
Professor of Economics
Institute of Social and Economic Research
Anchorage, Alaska USA
January 2013
How can we MEASURE how well a fishery is managedand how well it is doing?
How can we MEASURE how well a fishery is managedand how well it is doing?
This is not an easy question!!!
• Fisheries are managed for multiple objectives. – We need multiple measures– Fisheries may be performing well by some measures and poorly
by other measures– How should we “average” different measures?
• Collecting and analyzing fisheries data is expensive and takes time– particularly if the data need to be comparable between fisheries
and countries!• What measures are needed—and how detailed and reliable they
need to be—depends on how we plan to use them.
My goal for this lecture . . .
• To get you to think about the problem of designing fishery performance indicators
• To describe an ongoing project to develop fishery performance indicators
• To have you evaluate a fishery you are familiar with according to these performance indicators
• To critique these performance indicators:– What is good about them?– What is bad about them?– How would you change them?
The “Fisheries Performance Indicators” (FPI) Project . . .
• Objective is to develop simple, practical and useful “fisheries performance indicators” (FPIs) which:– Provide useful indicators of the performance of a fishery with respect to
multiple objectives– Can be developed for any kind of fishery in any country– Are comparable across fisheries and countries– Can be used to analyze how different factors affect fishery success– Information can be developed easily, quickly, and at low cost by one or a
few fishery specialists– Are easy to understand and work with
• Designed by three economists– James L. Anderson (World Bank)– Jingie Chu (World Bank)– Chris Anderson (University of Washington)
• Tested by about thirty fishery specialists for fisheries in many developed and developing countries
On a piece of paper please write:
Your name (or alias)
Your country
The name of a fishery in your country you will attempt to evaluate using some of the fishery performance indicators
Your name: ________________ Your country: __________________
Fishery which you attempted to evaluate using selected “fishery performance indicators”:
________________________________________________________
Performance indicatorPerformance
indicator ranking
How well did you understand what this indicator was
asking for?
How easy or difficult for you
was it to assign a value for
this indicator?
“Overfishing or Rebuilding”
Output performance indicator:Overfishing or Rebuilding
A. Stock is not overfished or is rebuilt
B. Growth overfished, but stable or rebuilding
C. Growth overfished and experiencing growth overfishing
D. Recruit overfished, but stable or rebuilding
E. Recruit overfished and experiencing recruit overfishing
Stock
is not o
verfish
ed or...
Growth
overfi
shed, b
ut s...
Growth
overfi
shed and e...
Recruit o
verfi
shed, b
ut st..
.
Recruit o
verfi
shed and e...
26%
35%
9%13%
17%
How well did you understand what this indicator was asking for?
A. I understood exactly what it was asking for
B. I understood fairly well what it was asking for
C. I had only a vague understanding of what it was asking for
D. I didn’t understand at all what it was asking for
I underst
ood exactly w
ha...
I underst
ood fairly
well .
..
I had only
a vague under..
.
I didn’t u
nderstand at a
l...
36%
9%14%
41%
Mean = 1.95
How easy or difficult for you was it to assign a value for this indicator?
A. Very easy
B. Somewhat easy
C. Somewhat hard
D. Very hard
Very easy
Somewhat easy
Somewhat hard
Very hard
28%
0%
28%
44%
Mean = 2.00
“Fishery wages compared to non-
fishery wages”
Output performance indicator:Boat owners fishery wages compared to non-fishery wages
A. More than 50% above the regional average
B. Between 10 and 50% above regional average
C. Within 10% above the regional average
D. Between 50% and 90% of the regional average
E. Less than half of the regional average
More th
an 50% above th
...
Between 10 and 50% abo..
With
in 10% above the re
...
Between 50% and 90% of..
.
Less
than half o
f the re
gi...
17%
43%
26%
13%
0%
How well did you understand what this indicator was asking for?
A. I understood exactly what it was asking for
B. I understood fairly well what it was asking for
C. I had only a vague understanding of what it was asking for
D. I didn’t understand at all what it was asking for
I underst
ood exactly w
ha...
I underst
ood fairly
well .
..
I had only
a vague under..
.
I didn’t u
nderstand at a
l...
57%
4%4%
35%
Mean = 1.57
How easy or difficult for you was it to assign a value for this indicator?
A. Very easy
B. Somewhat easy
C. Somewhat hard
D. Very hard
Very easy
Somewhat easy
Somewhat hard
Very hard
41%
5%
27%27%
Mean = 1.95
“International trade”
Output performance indicator:International trade
A. 90-100% export
B. 60-90% export
C. 30-60% export
D. 2-30% export
E. Virtually no export
90-100% export
60-90% export
30-60% export
2-30% export
Virtually
no export
32%
14%
5%
36%
14%
How well did you understand what this indicator was asking for?
A. I understood exactly what it was asking for
B. I understood fairly well what it was asking for
C. I had only a vague understanding of what it was asking for
D. I didn’t understand at all what it was asking for
I underst
ood exactly w
ha...
I underst
ood fairly
well .
..
I had only
a vague under..
.
I didn’t u
nderstand at a
l...
57%
17%9%
17%
Mean = 1.87
How easy or difficult for you was it to assign a value for this indicator?
A. Very easy
B. Somewhat easy
C. Somewhat hard
D. Very hard
Very easy
Somewhat easy
Somewhat hard
Very hard
62%
14%10%
14%
Mean = 1.76
“Social standing of boat owners”
Output performance indicator:Social standing of boat owners
A. Among the most respected in the community, comparable with civic and religious leaders and professionals such as doctors and lawyers
B. Comparable to management and white collar jobs
C. Comparable to skilled labor jobs
D. Comparable to unskilled blue collar or service jobs
E. Among the least respected, such as slaves or indentured servants
Among the m
ost re
specte
...
Comparable to m
anage...
Comparable to sk
illed la
b..
Comparable to unsk
illed ...
Among the le
ast re
specte
..
24%
5% 5%
24%
43%
How well did you understand what this indicator was asking for?
A. I understood exactly what it was asking for
B. I understood fairly well what it was asking for
C. I had only a vague understanding of what it was asking for
D. I didn’t understand at all what it was asking for
I underst
ood exactly w
ha...
I underst
ood fairly
well .
..
I had only
a vague under..
.
I didn’t u
nderstand at a
l...
48%
17%9%
26%
Mean = 1.96
How easy or difficult for you was it to assign a value for this indicator?
A. Very easy
B. Somewhat easy
C. Somewhat hard
D. Very hard
Very easy
Somewhat easy
Somewhat hard
Very hard
40%
12%
20%
28%
Mean = 2.04
“Landings Level”
Output performance indicator:Landings Level
A. Harvest is less than MSY (stock is above MSY level)
B. Harvest is approximately at MSY
C. Harvest reduced to promote recovery (stock is below MEY level)
D. Harvest is constraining stock recovery (stock is stable below MEY level)
E. Harvest is causing overfishing (stock is below MEY and declining)
Harvest
is less
than M
SY ...
Harvest
is appro
ximate
ly ..
Harvest
reduce
d to pro
...
Harvest
is co
nstraining s.
..
Harvest
is ca
using o
verfi
s...
20% 20% 20%20%20%
How well did you understand what this indicator was asking for?
A. I understood exactly what it was asking for
B. I understood fairly well what it was asking for
C. I had only a vague understanding of what it was asking for
D. I didn’t understand at all what it was asking for
I underst
ood exactly w
ha...
I underst
ood fairly
well .
..
I had only
a vague under..
.
I didn’t u
nderstand at a
l...
25% 25%25%25%
Mean =
How easy or difficult for you was it to assign a value for this indicator?
A. Very easy
B. Somewhat easy
C. Somewhat hard
D. Very hard
Very easy
Somewhat easy
Somewhat hard
Very hard
25% 25%25%25%
Mean =
“Harvest Safety”
Output performance indicator:Harvest Safety
A. Less than 0.1 deaths per thousand person seasons
B. Less than 0.5 deaths
C. Less than 1
D. Less than 5
E. More than 5 deaths per thousand person seasons
Less
than 0.1 death
s per..
.
Less
than 0.5 death
s
Less
than 1
Less
than 5
More th
an 5 deaths p
er...
20% 20% 20%20%20%
Output performance indicator:Harvest Safety
A. Less than 0.1 deaths per thousand person seasons
B. Less than 0.5 deaths
C. Less than 1
D. Less than 5
E. More than 5 deaths per thousand person seasons
Less
than 0.1 death
s per..
.
Less
than 0.5 death
s
Less
than 1
Less
than 5
More th
an 5 deaths p
er...
20% 20% 20%20%20%
How well did you understand what this indicator was asking for?
A. I understood exactly what it was asking for
B. I understood fairly well what it was asking for
C. I had only a vague understanding of what it was asking for
D. I didn’t understand at all what it was asking for
I underst
ood exactly w
ha...
I underst
ood fairly
well .
..
I had only
a vague under..
.
I didn’t u
nderstand at a
l...
25% 25%25%25%
Mean =
“Source of capital”
Output performance indicator:Source of capital
A. Unsecured business loans from banks/Venture capital
B. Secured business loans from banks/Public stock offering; investment form elsewhere in supply chain
C. Loans form banks secured by personal (not business) assets/Government subsidized private lending/Government-run loan programs/International aid agencies; secured loans from elsewhere in supply chain
D. Microlending/Family/community-based lending; loans from supply chain significantly reduce margins
E. Mafia/No capital available; exploitive relationship from elsewhere in supply chain
Unsecu
red business
loans...
Secure
d business
loans fr..
Loans f
orm banks s
ecure
...
Micr
olending/Fa
mily/c.
..
Mafia/N
o capita
l availa
bl..
20% 20% 20%20%20%
Output performance indicator:Harvest Safety
A. Less than 0.1 deaths per thousand person seasons
B. Less than 0.5 deaths
C. Less than 1
D. Less than 5
E. More than 5 deaths per thousand person seasons
Less
than 0.1 death
s per..
.
Less
than 0.5 death
s
Less
than 1
Less
than 5
More th
an 5 deaths p
er...
20% 20% 20%20%20%
How well did you understand what this indicator was asking for?
A. I understood exactly what it was asking for
B. I understood fairly well what it was asking for
C. I had only a vague understanding of what it was asking for
D. I didn’t understand at all what it was asking for
I underst
ood exactly w
ha...
I underst
ood fairly
well .
..
I had only
a vague under..
.
I didn’t u
nderstand at a
l...
25% 25%25%25%
Mean =
“Proportion of Harvest Managed
Under Limited Access ”
Output performance indicator:Proportion of Harvest Managed Under Limited Access
A. Virtually all
B. 70-90%
C. 35-70%
D. 5-35%
E. Virtually none
Virtually
all
70-90%
35-70%5-35%
Virtually
none
20% 20% 20%20%20%
Output performance indicator:Harvest Safety
A. Less than 0.1 deaths per thousand person seasons
B. Less than 0.5 deaths
C. Less than 1
D. Less than 5
E. More than 5 deaths per thousand person seasons
Less
than 0.1 death
s per..
.
Less
than 0.5 death
s
Less
than 1
Less
than 5
More th
an 5 deaths p
er...
20% 20% 20%20%20%
How well did you understand what this indicator was asking for?
A. I understood exactly what it was asking for
B. I understood fairly well what it was asking for
C. I had only a vague understanding of what it was asking for
D. I didn’t understand at all what it was asking for
I underst
ood exactly w
ha...
I underst
ood fairly
well .
..
I had only
a vague under..
.
I didn’t u
nderstand at a
l...
25% 25%25%25%
Mean =
How useful is this Fisheries Performance Indicator Project
A. Very useful
B. Somewhat useful
C. Not very useful
D. A total waste of money and time!
Very usefu
l
Somewhat use
ful
Not very
usefu
l
A total w
aste of m
oney a..
9%13%
35%
43%
Mean = 2.52
