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FIRE & EXPLOSION RISK ASSESSMENTRoslinormansyahEHS Manager PT. Alstom Power ESI
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Outline of Lecture
1. Understanding Fire and Explosion
3. Selection safeguard for Fire and Explosion’ s Risk Control
2. Framework of Risk Assessment on Fire and Explosion Hazard
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Understanding Fire and Explosion
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Understanding Fire and Explosion
History of Fire and Explosion Incident
Carbide Industries, Fire & Explosion
March , 2011
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Understanding Fire and Explosion
History of Fire and Explosion Incident
Kleen Energy, Explosion
June, 2009
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Understanding Fire and Explosion
Definition
1.Fire : A slow combustion that significant without overpressure
2.Explosion : A release of energy that causes a blast
3.Flammability Limit : The minimum (lower,LFL) and maximum concentration of combustible vapor in air that will propagate a flame
(source : Guidelines CPQRA, AIChE, 2000)
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Understanding Fire and Explosion
Basic Philosophy
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Understanding Fire and Explosion
Philosophy of FERA
Flammability Limits range
Objective of FERA
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Understanding Fire and Explosion
Flammability Limits (FL) = ƒ (suhu, tekanan, inert gas)
Flammability Limits (FL)
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Understanding Fire and Explosion
Combusation = ƒ (FL, Minimum Ignition Energy (MIE), Surface Area)
Philosophy of Combustion
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Understanding Fire and Explosion
Fire occurance step
1. Jet Fire2. Flash Fire3. Pool Fire4. Fireball
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Understanding Fire and Explosion
Explosion occurance step
Explosion
Physical Explosion
Chemical Explosion
1. Overpressure2. BLEVE - Fireball3. RPT 4. UVCE/CVE
1. Runway reaction
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Understanding Fire and Explosion
Physical Properties Key Factor of Flammable
1. Boiling Point2. Vapor Pressure3. Flash Point4. Autoignition5. Enthalphy of Combustion (ΔHc)6. MIE7. Density8. Conductivity of material9. Size of material
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Understanding Fire and Explosion
Environmental Properties Key Factor of Fire /Explosion
1. Operational Parameter (Pressure, Flowrate, Temp, etc)
2. Lay-out of unit process/equipment
3. Installation (congested, confined, etc)
4. Source of heat (open fire, conductive heat, static electric, etc)
5. Meteorogical condition (Wind speed, direction, etc)
6. Leakage dimension (bore, rupture, hole, etc)
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Understanding Fire and Explosion
Impact of Fire & Explosion
1. Breakage the molecular bond
2. Heat Flux / Heat Radition
3. Poisonous Gas
4. Blast Wave/Shock Wave
5. Debris trajectory/projectile
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Framework of Risk Assessment on Fire and Explosion Hazard
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Framework of Risk Assessment on Fire and Explosion Hazards
Overall Risk Assessment Process
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Framework of Risk Assessment on Fire and Explosion Hazards
Detail Risk Assessment Process
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Framework of Risk Assessment on Fire and Explosion Hazards
Step 1 – Describe system and identify hazards
Scenario Development
Screening Method
Credible Scenario
Potential Accident Scenario
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Framework of Risk Assessment on Fire and Explosion Hazards
Step 1 – Describe system and identify hazards
Scenario Development
– Merupakan “critical step” dalam FERA -Key word : Loss of Containment-Tool yang umum dipergunakan
What-If HAZOPs FMEA Incident Analysis Tie-Bow Analysis
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Framework of Risk Assessment on Fire and Explosion Hazards
Step 1 – Describe system and identify hazards
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Framework of Risk Assessment on Fire and Explosion Hazards
Step 1 – Describe system and identify hazards
Credible Scenario
Merupakan scenario yang akan dianalisis lebih lanjut tingkat “consequences” dan “probability”-nya
Merupakan model yang memiliki tingkat “kemiripan” yang tinggi bila terjadi accident
Tidak menggambarkan secara keseluruhan (each system has particular credible scenario)
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Framework of Risk Assessment on Fire and Explosion Hazards
Step 2 – Determination of frequency and consequences
Frequency
Menggambarkan tingkat “failure” setiap peralatan yang terlibat dalam Credible Scenario
Memiliki satuan (……../waktu)
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Framework of Risk Assessment on Fire and Explosion Hazards
Step 2 – Determination of frequency and consequences
Frequency
Fault Tree Analysis
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Framework of Risk Assessment on Fire and Explosion Hazards
Frequency
Event Tree Analysis
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Framework of Risk Assessment on Fire and Explosion HazardsFrequency
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Framework of Risk Assessment on Fire and Explosion Hazards
Consequences
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Framework of Risk Assessment on Fire and Explosion Hazards
Consequences
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Framework of Risk Assessment on Fire and Explosion Hazards
ConsequencesImpact Calculation of Explosion
TNT Method
TNO Method
BST Method
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Framework of Risk Assessment on Fire and Explosion Hazards
Consequences
Impact Calculation of Explosion
TNT Method
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Framework of Risk Assessment on Fire and Explosion Hazards
ConsequencesImpact Calculation of Explosion
TNO Method
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Framework of Risk Assessment on Fire and Explosion Hazards
ConsequencesImpact Calculation of Explosion
BST Method
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Framework of Risk Assessment on Fire and Explosion Hazards
ConsequencesImpact Calculation of Fire
Fire Ball Effect
Pool Fire Effect
Jet Fire Effect
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Framework of Risk Assessment on Fire and Explosion Hazards
ConsequencesImpact Calculation of Fire
Fire Ball Effect
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Framework of Risk Assessment on Fire and Explosion Hazards
ConsequencesImpact Calculation of Fire
Pool Fire Effect
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Framework of Risk Assessment on Fire and Explosion Hazards
ConsequencesImpact Calculation of Fire
Jet Fire Effect
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Framework of Risk Assessment on Fire and Explosion Hazards
Estimating the Risk Analysis
Explosion Frequency
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Framework of Risk Assessment on Fire and Explosion Hazards
Estimating the Risk Analysis
Fire Ball Frequency
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Framework of Risk Assessment on Fire and Explosion Hazards
Estimating the Risk Analysis
Pool Fire Frequency
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Framework of Risk Assessment on Fire and Explosion Hazards
Estimating the Risk Analysis
Individual Risk Calculation
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Framework of Risk Assessment on Fire and Explosion Hazards
Estimating the Risk Analysis
Societal Risk Calculation
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Framework of Risk Assessment on Fire and Explosion Hazards
Risk Criteria
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Framework of Risk Assessment on Fire and Explosion Hazards
Fire and Explosion Risk Assessment Result
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Selection safeguard for Fire and Explosion’ s Risk Control
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Selection safeguard for Fire and Explosion’ s Risk Control
Startegy Prevention and Mitigation
Prevention Barrier
Mitigation Barrier
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Selection safeguard for Fire and Explosion’ s Risk Control
Prevention Barrier
1. Inherently Safe Practice Principles Minimize: Reducing the amount of hazardous material present at
any one time Substitute: Replacing one material with another of less hazard Moderate: Reducing the strength of an effect Simplify: Designing out problems rather than adding additional
equipment or features to deal with them2. Engineering consideration
Hazardous Area Zone Classification (IEC/EN 60079, NFPA 479, API 500)
Heating Venting Air Circulation (HVAC) system Electric Static Discharge (ESD) system Maximum Allowable Working Pressure (MAWP) Design Emergency Shut Down Valve (ESDV) System Lay-out facility (lokasi, jarak, dll) Mechanical Protection (Material, Coating, dll) Inerting System
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Selection safeguard for Fire and Explosion’ s Risk Control
Prevention Barrier
3. Operation Consideration Preventive Maintenance Program (inspeksi rutin, testing
peralatan, dll) Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) (operating parameter
controlling, alarm system, dll) Housekeeping Kompetensi Personel Implementasi Sistem Manajemen Pengendalian Kerugian
(Manajemen resiko) Permit System Storage and handling management system Cooling system (Deluge water system, vessel cooling system,
dll) Accident Investigation and Lesson Learned Electrical Connection System (Lighting Protection,
Grounding, dll)
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Selection safeguard for Fire and Explosion’ s Risk Control
Mitigation Barrier
1. Engineering Consideration Hydrant & Sprinkle System Purging system (PSV, Rupture Disc, Flare System, dll) Dikes Network Water Curtain System CO2/Inert Gas Suppression System Blast-Wall
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Selection safeguard for Fire and Explosion’ s Risk Control
Mitigation Barrier
2. Operation Consideration Fire Extinghuisers (APAR) Foam system Emergency Response Plan (assembly area) Personal Protective Equipment (APD) Community Emergency Response
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Question ?