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Industrial Practical Training Report
Submitted in the partial fulfillment of
the requirement of the award of degree of
BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
IN
CSE/IT
Submitted To: Submitted By:
Mr. sunil Nagpal Name: Lakhwinder Singh
Head of department Branch&Sem:CSE(5th
)sem
CSE/IT Univ. Roll.No:1180952
Department of CSE/ITBABA FARID COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY,
BATHINDA.
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Certificate from Head of department(HOD)
This is to certify that Lakhwinder Singh class B.tech 5th sem Rollno-1180952 of
Baba Farid Collage of Engineering &Technology, affiliated to Punjab Technical
University(PTU) for the award of the degree of Becholors of Technology.
To the best of my knowledge, this work has not been submitted in part or
full, for publications or to any other University/ Institute for the award of degree.
HOD:Signature..
Name: Mr.Sunil Nagpal
Designation : HOD
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Certificate from Internal Guide
This is to certify that the project Realestate is being submitted by Rajveer kaur
class B.tech 4th sem Rollno-1180954 of Baba Farid collage of engineering &
Technology, affiliated to Punjab Technical University(PTU) for the award of the degree
of Becholors of Technology, is a bonafide research work, carried out by him under my
supervision.
To the best of our knowledge, this work has not been submitted in part or full, for
publications or to any other University/ Institute for the award of degree.
Internal Guide:
Name:Miss. Sonia Gupta
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We deeply express our sincere thanks to our head of College Mr. sunil Nagpal for
encouraging and allowing us to present our major project work and premises for the partial
fulfillment of the requirements.We sincerely express our gratitude to the project guide Miss Sonia Gupta for their
benevolent guidance in completing our project titled Job Portal. Their kindness and help
have been the source of encouragement for us.
We are grateful to Mr.Amandeep Singh (Head of Training & Placement) who gave us
constructive helpful support.
Lakhwinder Singh(1180952)
CSE(5th sem)
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
S.No Particulars Page No
1. Acknowledgement 4
2. Table of contents 5
3. Overview of organization 6-7
4. Overview of project 8
5. Hardware and software requirements 9
6. Introduction to programming language(php) 10
7. Advantages of php 11
8. How php works 12
9. Developing a web database application 13
10. MYSQL 14-15
11. Various tools used 16-39
12. Planning phase 40-42
13. Analysis phase 43
14. Design phase 44
15. System implementation and Testing 45-46
16 Data flow diagram 47
17 project 48-54
18 References 55
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Overview of Organization
Netmax technologies were established in 2001 in the field of Advance Networking andembedded systems design solutions.
Mission : To provide world class professional training and solutions in advancenetworking, Embedded systems design and career services for IT professionals as wellas electronic system designers.
Netmax Technologies provides industrial training to B.Tech /MCA / BCA/Diplomastudents in fields like
Embedded systems Robotics
PLC and SCADA Automation Technologies, Advance Networking Technologies(CISCO) JAVA development .NET development PHP programming and Web development Red hat (RHCE) and Unbent Administration Microsoft System Administration( MCSE 2003 , MCITP 2008 )
Technology Focus:-
We specialize in building solutions around the following key technologies
Microsoft:
As a Microsoft Gold Certified Partner we have demonstrated expertise with Microsoft
development tools, back office servers and mobile technologies. Main focus areas
are .NET application development, Visual Studio development (VB, VC++, and
FoxPro), database applications using SQL Server and Windows Mobile Applications.
Java:
We work on Java platforms from IBM, BEA and Oracle. We use STRUTS and Portal
frameworks for application development. We have substantial expertise in EJB, JMS,
JSP, Servlets, JDBC and JSTL technologies.
C/C++:
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We work on writing machine and device interfaces using C/C++ technologies. We
have extensive experience in porting enterprise applications on specialized mobile
devices like RF controlled bar code guns and mobile data acquisition devices.
Mobile:
Our mobile solutions development group can develop solutions on Microsoft, Palm
and Symbian platforms.
Key Alliances:-
Microsoft Gold Certified Partner for E-Business Solutions
IBM certified ISV
Member Oracle Technology Network
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Overview of Project
My project of training was in PHP with Mysql as backend and frontend codingin PHP. I have also done HTML, CSS and Javascript. Our Project for 6weekstraining was based on RealEstate. This project is based on the property matters. Inthis you can search properties in various cities according to property type, pricerange, area etc. Here by creating an account you get feature to advertiseyour property detail and can edit the same.
PHP, a scripting language designed specifically for use on the Web, is our tool for
creating dynamic Web pages. Rich in features that make Web design and programming
easier, PHP is in use on more than 20 million domains.Its popularity continues to grow, so it must be fulfilling its function pretty well.
PHP: HyperText Preprocessor. In its early development by a guy named Rasmus
Lerdorf, it was called Personal Home Page tools. When it developed into a full-blown
language, the name was changed to be more inline with its expanded functionality. The
PHP languages syntax is similar to the syntax of C.
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Hardware & Software Requirements
HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS
The lists of the hardware used currently for the project are:
Processor : Intel Pentium dual core CPU
RAM: 512 MB
HARD DISK DRIVE: 20 GB
CD ROM: 42X
Floppy Disk Drive: 1.44
Monitor: 17 color
Keyboard: Standard 110 keys
Mouse: Scroll
SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS
The lists of the software used currently for the project are:
Platform: Microsoft Windows 7
Front End:
Development:
Environment: PHP
Back End
Database
MySQL
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INTRODUCTION TO PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE
PHP
PHP, a scripting language designed specifically for use on the Web, is our tool for
creating dynamic Web pages. Rich in features that make Web design and programming
easier, PHP is in use on more than 20 million domains.
Its popularity continues to grow, so it must be fulfilling its function pretty well.
PHP stands for
PHP: HyperText Preprocessor. In its early development by a guy named Rasmus
Lerdorf, it was called Personal Home Page tools. When it developed into a full-blown
language, the name was changed to be more inline with its expanded functionality. The
PHP languages syntax is similar to the syntax of C.
PHP is actually simpler than because it doesnt use some of the more difficult concepts
of C. PHP also doesnt include the low-level programming capabilities of C because
PHP is designed to program Web sites and doesnt require those capabilities.PHP is
particularly strong in its ability to interact with databases.
PHP support every database weveever heard of (and some we havent). PHP handles
connecting to the database and communicating with it.
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ADVANTAGES OF PHP
The popularity of PHP is growing rapidly because of its many advantages:
_Its fast. Because it is embedded in HTML code, the response time is short.
_Its inexpensive free, in fact. PHP is proof that free lunches do existand that WE can get more than WE paid for.
_Its easy to use. PHP contains many special features and functionsneeded to create dynamic Web pages. The PHP language is designed tobe included easily in an HTML file.
_It can run on many operating systems. It runs on a variety of operatingSystems Windows, Linux, Mac OS, and most varieties of UNIX.
_Technical support is widely available.A large base of users providesfree support through e-mail discussion lists.
_Its secure. The user does not see the PHP code.
_Its designed to support databases. PHP includes functionality designedto interact with specific databases. It relieves WE of the need to knowthe technical details required to communicate with a database.
_Its customizable. The open source license allows programmers to
modify the PHP software, adding or modifying features as needed to fittheir own specific environments.
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How PHP works
PHP is an embedded scripting language when used in Web pages. This means
that PHP code is embedded in HTML code. WE use HTML tags to enclose the
PHP language that WE embed in our HTML file the same way that WE
would use other HTML tags. WE create and edit Web pages containing PHP
the same way that WE create and edit regular HTML pages.
For example
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Developing a Web Database Application Using PHP and MySQL
The PHP software works with the Web server. The Web server is the software thatdelivers Web pages to the world. When we type a URL into our Web browser, we aresending a message to the Web server at that URL, asking it tosend we an HTML file.The Web server responds by sending the requested file. WEr browser reads the HTMLfile and displays the Web page.
In addition, the Web server processes a file when WE click a Web page buttonthatsubmits a form. When PHP is installed, the Web server is configured to expect certainfile extensions to contain PHP language statements. Often the extension is .php or.phtml, but any extension can be used. When the Web server gets a request for a filewith the designated extension, it sends the HTML statements.
When PHP language statements are processed, only the output is sent by theWeb server to the Web browser. The PHP language statements are not included in theoutput sent to the browser, so the PHP code is secure and transparent to the user.users browser. The browser interprets the statement as HTML code and displays aWeb page with one paragraph hello World. The PHP statement is not delivered tothe browser, so the user never sees any PHP statements.
PHP is not integrated with all Web servers but does work with many of thepopular web servers. PHP is developed as a project of the Apache Software Foundation thus, it works best with Apache. PHP also works with Microsoft IIS/PWS, iPlanet(formerly Netscape Enterprise Server), and others. Although PHP works with severalWeb servers, it works best with Apache. If WE can select or influence the selection ofthe Web server used in our organization, select Apache. By itself, Apache is a goodchoice. It is free, open source, stable, and popular. It currently powers more than 60percent of all Web sites. It runs on Windows, Linux, Mac OS, and most flavors of Unix.
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MySQL
MySQL is a fast, easy-to-use RDBMS used on many Web sites. Speed was thedevelopers main focus from the beginning. In the interest of speed, they made thedecision to offer fewer features than their major competitors (such as Oracle andSybase). However, even though MySQL is less full-featured than its commercialcompetitors, it has all the features needed by the majority of database developers. Itseasier to install and use than its commercial competitors,and the difference in price isstrongly in MySQLs favor.MySQL is developed, marketed, and supported by MySQL AB, which is a Swedishcompany.
The company licenses it in two ways:
Open source software: MySQL is available through the GNU GPL (General PublicLicense). MySQL provides two versions of the open source software
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ADVANTAGES OF MySQL
MySQL is a popular database with Web developers. Its speed and small sizemake it ideal for a Web site. Add to that the fact that its open source, whichmeans free, and WE have the foundation of its popularity. Here is a rundownof some of its advantages:
_Its fast. The main goal of the folks who developed MySQL was speed.Thus, the software was designed from the beginning with speed in mind.
_Its inexpensive. MySQL is free under the open source GPL license, andthe fee for a commercial license is reasonable.
_Its easy to use. WE can build and interact with a MySQL database byusing a few simple statements in the SQL language, which is the standardlanguage for communicating with RDBMSs. thelowdown on the SQL language.
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VARIOUS TOOLS USED
Css(cascading style sheets)
Cascading style sheet enable us to precisely control the formatting of elementon our webpages.Html was designed to control the structure of ourwebpages,such as headings,images,links,paragraphs and tables.style sheets
were desined to control the formatting of these elements in far greater detailthan the HTML commands allow.styles are the rules that define how theelemenys appear in a webpages such as font and color.
Three types of css: -1. Inline(highest priorty)2. Internal3. external
For example:
facebookEmail
Remember mePassword
Forget Password?Facebook helps you connect and sharewith
the people in your life.Sign UpIt's free and always will be.FirstName: -
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LastName:
Your
Email:Re-enter Email:New Password:I am:selectsexMaleFemaleBirthday:Month:
janfebmarapr
mayjunjulaugsep
octnov
decDay:1234567
89
101112
13
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Facebook page
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HTML (Hyper Text Markup Language)
What is HTML?
HTML is a language for describing web pages.
HTML stands for Hyper Text Markup Language HTML is not a programming language, it is a markup language A markup language is a set ofmarkup tags
HTML uses markup tags to describe web pages
HTML Tags
HTML markup tags are usually called HTML tags
HTML tags are keywords surrounded byangle brackets like HTML tags normallycome in pairs like and The first tag in a pair is the start tag, the second tag is the end tag
Start and end tags are also called opening tags and closing tags.
HTML Documents - Web Pages
HTML documents describe web pages HTML documents contain HTML tags and plain text HTML documents are also called web pages
The purpose of a web browsers (like Internet Explorer) is to read HTML
documents and display them as web pages. The browser does not display theHTML tags, but uses the tags to interpret the content of the page:
My First Heading
My first paragraph
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Example Explained
The text between and describes the web page The text between and is the visible page content
The text between and is displayed as a heading
The text between
and
is displayed as a paragraphHTM or HTML Extension?
When you save an HTML file, you can use either the .htm or the .htmlextension. We use .htm in our examples. It is a habit from the past, when the
software only allowed three letters in file extensions.
With new software it is perfectly safe to use .html.
HTML Headings
HTML headings are defined with the to tags.
Example
This is a headingThis is a headingThis is a heading
HTML Paragraphs
HTML paragraphs are defined with the
tag.
Example
This is a paragraph
This is another paragraph
HTML Links
HTML links are defined with the tag.
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H1 headings should be used as main headings, followed by H2 headings, andless important H3 headings, and so on.
HTML Comments
Comments can be inserted in the HTML code to make it more readable andunderstandable. Comments are ignored by the browser and not displayed.
Comments are written like this:
Example
Note: There is an exclamation point after the opening bracket, but not beforethe closing bracket.
HTML Tip - How to View HTML Source
Have you ever seen a Web page and wondered "Hey! How did they do that?"
To find out, click the VIEW option in your browser's toolbar and selectSOURCE or PAGE SOURCE. This will open a window that shows you the HTML
code of the page.
Examples From This Page
HeadingsThis example demonstrates the tags that display headings in an HTMLdocument.
Hidden comments
This example demonstrates how to insert a hidden comment in the HTMLsource code.
http://w3schools.com/html/tryit.asp?filename=tryhtml_headershttp://w3schools.com/html/tryit.asp?filename=tryhtml_headershttp://w3schools.com/html/tryit.asp?filename=tryhtml_commenthttp://w3schools.com/html/tryit.asp?filename=tryhtml_commenthttp://w3schools.com/html/tryit.asp?filename=tryhtml_commenthttp://w3schools.com/html/tryit.asp?filename=tryhtml_headers -
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HTML Tag Reference
When you lookup W3Schools' tag reference, you will see additional informationabout tags and their attributes.
You will learn more about HTML tag attributes in the next chapters of thistutorial.
Tag Description
Defines an HTML document
Defines the document's body
to Defines header 1 to header 6
Defines a comment
HTML Paragraphs
Paragraphs are defined with the
tag.
Example
This is a paragraph
This is another paragraph
HTML Line Breaks
Use the
tag if you want a line break (a new line) without starting a newparagraph:Example
This is
a para
graph with line breaksThe
tag is an empty tag. It has no end tag like .HTML Rules (Lines)
The tag is used to create an horizontal rule (line).
http://w3schools.com/tags/tag_html.asphttp://w3schools.com/tags/tag_html.asphttp://w3schools.com/tags/tag_body.asphttp://w3schools.com/tags/tag_body.asphttp://w3schools.com/tags/tag_hn.asphttp://w3schools.com/tags/tag_hn.asphttp://w3schools.com/tags/tag_comment.asphttp://w3schools.com/tags/tag_comment.asphttp://w3schools.com/tags/tag_comment.asphttp://w3schools.com/tags/tag_hn.asphttp://w3schools.com/tags/tag_body.asphttp://w3schools.com/tags/tag_html.asp -
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Example
This is a paragraph
This is a paragraph
This is a paragraph
HTML Tag Reference
When you lookup W3Schools' tag reference, you will see additional informationabout tags and their attributes.
You will learn more about HTML tag attributes in the next chapters of thistutorial.
Tag Description
Defines a paragraph
Inserts a single line breakDefines a horizontal rule
This text is bold
This text is big
This text is italic
This is computer output
This is subscript and superscript
HTML Formatting Tags
HTML uses tags like and for formatting output, like bold or italictext.
These HTML tags are called formatting tags.
Refer to the bottom of this page for a complete reference.
http://w3schools.com/tags/tag_p.asphttp://w3schools.com/tags/tag_p.asphttp://w3schools.com/tags/tag_br.asphttp://w3schools.com/tags/tag_br.asphttp://w3schools.com/tags/tag_hr.asphttp://w3schools.com/tags/tag_hr.asphttp://w3schools.com/tags/tag_hr.asphttp://w3schools.com/tags/tag_br.asphttp://w3schools.com/tags/tag_p.asp -
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Tables
Tables are defined with the tag. A table is divided into rows (with the tag), and each row is divided into data cells (with the tag). The letters
td stands for "table data," which is the content of a data cell. A data cell can
contain text, images, lists, paragraphs, forms, horizontal rules, tables, etc.
How it looks in a browser:
Heading Another Heading
row 1, cell 1 row 1, cell 2
row 2, cell 1 row 2, cell 2
Empty Cells in a Table
Table cells with no content are not displayed very well in most browsers.
row 1, cell 1row 1, cell 2
row 2, cell 1
How it looks in a browser:
row 1, cell 1 row 1, cell 2
row 2, cell 1
Ordered Lists
An ordered list is also a list of items. The list items are marked with numbers.
An ordered list starts with the tag. Each list item starts with the tag.
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CoffeeMilk
Here is how it looks in a browser:
1. Coffee2. Milk
Inside a list item you can put paragraphs, line breaks, images, links, otherlists, etc.
Definition Lists
A definition list is not a list of items. This is a list of terms and explanation ofthe terms.
A definition list starts with the tag. Each definition-list term starts with
the tag. Each definition-list definition starts with the tag.
Coffee
Black hot drinkMilkWhite cold drink
Here is how it looks in a browser:
CoffeeBlack hot drink
MilkWhite cold drink
Inside a definition-list definition (the tag) you can put paragraphs, linebreaks, images, links, other lists, etc.
Forms
A form is an area that can contain form elements.
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Form elements are elements that allow the user to enter information (like textfields, textarea fields, drop-down menus, radio buttons, checkboxes, etc.) in a
form.
A form is defined with the tag.
Input
The most used form tag is the tag. The type of input is specified with
the type attribute. The most commonly used input types are explained below.
Text Fields
Text fields are used when you want the user to type letters, numbers, etc. in aform.
First name:
Last name:How it looks in a browser:
First name:
Last name:
Note that the form itself is not visible. Also note that in most browsers, thewidth of the text field is 20 characters by default.
Radio Buttons
Radio Buttons are used when you want the user to select one of a limitednumber of choices.
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Male
FemaleHow it looks in a browser:
Male
Female
Note that only one option can be chosen.
Checkboxes
Checkboxes are used when you want the user to select one or more options of alimited number of choices.
I have a bike:
I have a car:I have an airplane:
How it looks in a browser:
I have a bike:
I have a car:
I have an airplane:
The Form's Action Attribute and the Submit Button
How it looks in a browser:
Username:Submit
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If you type some characters in the text field above, and click the "Submit" button, the
browser will send your input to a page called "html_form_submit.asp". The page will
show you the received input.
Java Script
The HTML tag is used to insert a JavaScript into an HTML page.
How to Put a JavaScript Into an HTML Page
document.write("Hello World!");
The code above will produce this output on an HTML page:
Hello World!
Example Explained
To insert a JavaScript into an HTML page, we use the tag. Inside the tag we use the type attribute to define the scripting language.
So, the and tells where the JavaScriptstarts and ends:
...
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The word document.write is a standard JavaScript command for writingoutput to a page.
By entering the document.write command between the and
tags, the browser will recognize it as a JavaScript command and execute the
code line. In this case the browser will write Hello World! to the page:
Example
document.write("Hello World!");
HTML Comments to Handle Simple Browsers
Browsers that do not support JavaScript will display JavaScript as pagecontent.
To prevent them from doing this, and as a part of the JavaScript standard, theHTML comment tag can be used to "hide" the JavaScript. Just add an HTMLcomment tag (end ofcomment) after the last JavaScript statement.
The two forward slashes at the end of comment line (//) is the JavaScriptcomment symbol. This prevents JavaScript from executing the --> tag.
JavaScripts in the body section will be executed WHILE the page loads.
JavaScripts in the head section will be executed when CALLED.
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Where to Put the JavaScript
JavaScripts in a page will be executed immediately while the page loads intothe browser. This is not always what we want. Sometimes we want to execute a
script when a page loads, other times when a user triggers an event.
Scripts in the head section: Scripts to be executed when they are called, orwhen an event is triggered, go in the head section. When you place a script in
To use the external script, point to the .js file in the "src" attribute of the tag:
JavaScript is a sequence of statements to be executed by thebrowser.
JavaScript is Case Sensitive
Unlike HTML, JavaScript is case sensitive - therefore watch your capitalization closely
when you write JavaScript statements, create or call variables, objects and functions.
JavaScript Statements
A JavaScript statement is a command to the browser. The purpose of the command is
to tell the browser what to do.
This JavaScript statement tells the browser to write "Hello Dolly" to the web page:
document.write("Hello Dolly");
It is normal to add a semicolon at the end of each executable statement. Most people
think this is a good programming practice, and most often you will see this in JavaScript
examples on the web.
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The semicolon is optional (according to the JavaScript standard), and the browser is
supposed to interpret the end of the line as the end of the statement. Because of this
you will often see examples without the semicolon at the end.
JavaScript Code
JavaScript code (or just JavaScript) is a sequence of JavaScript statements.
Each statement is executed by the browser in the sequence they are written.
This example will write a header and two paragraphs to a web page:
Example
document.write("This is a header");
document.write("
This is a paragraph
");document.write("
This is another paragraph
");JavaScript Blocks
JavaScript statements can be grouped together in blocks.
Blocks start with a left curly bracket {, and ends with a right curly bracket }.
The purpose of a block is to make the sequence of statements execute together.
This example will write a header and two paragraphs to a web page:
Example
{
document.write("This is a header");
document.write("
This is a paragraph
");document.write("This is another paragraph
");}
The example above is not very useful. It just demonstrates the use of a block.Normally a block is used to group statements together in a function or in a
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condition (where a group of statements should be executed if a condition ismet).
You will learn more about functions and conditions in later chapters.
JavaScript comments can be used to make the code more readable.
JavaScript Comments
Comments can be added to explain the JavaScript, or to make it morereadable.
JavaScript Multi-Line Comments
Multi line comments start with /* and end with */.
This example uses a multi line comment to explain the code:
/*
The code below will writeone header and two paragraphs*/document.write("This is a header");document.write("
This is a paragraph
");document.write("
This is another paragraph
");Using Comments at the End of a Line
In this example the comment is placed at the end of a line:
document.write("Hello"); // This will write "Hello"
document.write("Dolly"); // This will write "Dolly"
Variables are "containers" for storing information.
Do You Remember Algebra From School?
Do you remember algebra from school? x=5, y=6, z=x+y
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Do you remember that a letter (like x) could be used to hold a value (like 5),and that you could use the information above to calculate the value of z to be
11?
These letters are called variables, and variables can be used to hold values
(x=5) or expressions (z=x+y).
Conditional Statements
Very often when you write code, you want to perform different actions fordifferent decisions. You can use conditional statements in your code to do this.
In JavaScript we have the following conditional statements:
if statement - use this statement if you want to execute some code onlyif a specified condition is true
if...else statement - use this statement if you want to execute somecode if the condition is true and another code if the condition is false
if...else if....else statement - use this statement if you want to select
one of many blocks of code to be executed switch statement - use this statement if you want to select one of many
blocks of code to be executed
If Statement
You should use the if statement if you want to execute some code only if aspecified condition is true.
Syntax
if (condition)
{code to be executed if condition is true}
Note that if is written in lowercase letters. Using uppercase letters (IF) willgenerate a JavaScript error!
Example 1//Write a "Good morning" greeting if//the time is less than 10var d=new Date();var time=d.getHours();
if (time
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{document.write("Good morning");
}
If...else Statement
If you want to execute some code if a condition is true and another code if thecondition is not true, use the if....else statement.
Syntax
if (condition){code to be executed if condition is true}else{code to be executed if condition is not true}
Example
//If the time is less than 10,//you will get a "Good morning" greeting.//Otherwise you will get a "Good day" greeting.var d = new Date();
var time = d.getHours();
if (time < 10){document.write("Good morning!");
}else
{document.write("Good day!");}
The JavaScript Switch Statement
You should use the switch statement if you want to select one of many blocksof code to be executed.
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Syntax
switch(n)
{case 1:
execute code block 1
break;case 2:
execute code block 2break;
default:code to be executed if n isdifferent from case 1 and 2
}
This is how it works: First we have a single expression n(most often a variable),that is evaluated once. The value of the expression is then compared with the
values for each case in the structure. If there is a match, the block of codeassociated with that case is executed. Use break to prevent the code fromrunning into the next case automatically.
Example
//You will receive a different greeting based
//on what day it is. Note that Sunday=0,//Monday=1, Tuesday=2, etc.var d=new Date();
theDay=d.getDay();switch (theDay){case 5:
document.write("Finally Friday");break;
case 6:document.write("Super Saturday");break;
case 0:document.write("Sleepy Sunday");
break;default:
document.write("I'm looking forward to this weekend!");}
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Alert Box
An alert box is often used if you want to make sure information comes throughto the user.
When an alert box pops up, the user will have to click "OK" to proceed.
Syntax:
alert("sometext");
Confirm Box
A confirm box is often used if you want the user to verify or accept something.
When a confirm box pops up, the user will have to click either "OK" or "Cancel"to proceed.
If the user clicks "OK", the box returns true. If the user clicks "Cancel", the boxreturns false.
Syntax:
confirm("sometext");
Prompt Box
A prompt box is often used if you want the user to input a value before enteringa page.
When a prompt box pops up, the user will have to click either "OK" or "Cancel"to proceed after entering an input value.
If the user clicks "OK" the box returns the input value. If the user clicks"Cancel" the box returns null.
Syntax:
prompt("sometext","defaultvalue");
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JavaScript Functions
To keep the browser from executing a script when the page loads, you can putyour script into a function.
A function contains code that will be executed by an event or by a call to thatfunction. You may call a function from anywhere within the page (or even fromother pages if the function is embedded in an external .js file).
Functions can be defined both in the and in the section of adocument. However, to assure that the function is read/loaded by the browserbefore it is called, it could be wise to put it in the section.
Example
function displaymessage(){alert("Hello World!");
}
If the line: alert("Hello world!!") in the example above had not been put within afunction, it would have been executed as soon as the line was loaded. Now, thescript is not executed before the user hits the button. We have added anonClick event to the button that will execute the function displaymessage()when the button is clicked.
You will learn more about JavaScript events in the JS Events chapter.
How to Define a Function
The syntax for creating a function is:
functionfunctionname(var1,var2,...,varX){
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some code}
var1, var2, etc are variables or values passed into the function. The { and the }defines the start and end of the function.
The return Statement
The return statement is used to specify the value that is returned from thefunction.
So, functions that are going to return a value must use the return statement.
Example
The function below should return the product of two numbers (a and b):
function prod(a,b){x=a*b;return x;}
When you call the function above, you must pass along two parameters:
product=prod(2,3);
The returned value from the prod() function is 6, and it will be stored in the variable
called product.
Events
By using JavaScript, we have the ability to create dynamic web pages. Eventsare actions that can be detected by JavaScript.
Every element on a web page has certain events which can trigger JavaScriptfunctions. For example, we can use the onClick event of a button element toindicate that a function will run when a user clicks on the button. We definethe events in the HTML tags.
Examples of events:
A mouse click
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A web page or an image loading Mousing over a hot spot on the web page
Selecting an input box in an HTML form Submitting an HTML form
A keystroke
Note: Events are normally used in combination with functions, and thefunction will not be executed before the event occurs!
For a complete reference of the events recognized by JavaScript, go to ourcomplete Event reference.
onload and onUnload
The onload and onUnload events are triggered when the user enters or leavesthe page.
The onload event is often used to check the visitor's browser type and browserversion, and load the proper version of the web page based on the information.
Both the onload and onUnload events are also often used to deal with cookies
that should be set when a user enters or leaves a page. For example, you couldhave a popup asking for the user's name upon his first arrival to your page.The name is then stored in a cookie. Next time the visitor arrives at your page,you could have another popup saying something like: "Welcome John Doe!".
onFocus, onBlur and onChange
The onFocus, onBlur and onChange events are often used in combination withvalidation of form fields.
Below is an example of how to use the onChange event. The checkEmail()
function will be called whenever the user changes the content of the field:
onSubmit
The onSubmit event is used to validate ALL form fields before submittingit.Below is an example of how to use the onSubmit event. The checkForm()
function will be called when the user clicks the submit button in the form.
http://www.w3schools.com/jsref/jsref_events.asphttp://www.w3schools.com/jsref/jsref_events.asphttp://www.w3schools.com/jsref/jsref_events.asp -
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PLANNINGPHASE
Problem Recognition
A problem is well defined very rarely. It corps out with a vague feeling of
somestatements lead to vague conclusions. So the first task is to get more
information by interviewing and meeting concerned people. It clarifies how
theproblem is felt, how often it occurs, how it affects the business and which
departments are suffering with this. This phase consists of the following tasks.
Problem Definition & Initial Investigation
This was a preliminary investigation done with a view to have a feel of
the working of the proposed system. This phase has been identified the
end-user directly involved in the system who were the managers, assistant
officer and database administrator, and the development department. By
understanding the working of database, its flow and also after conducting
meetings and interviews with the concerned persons of the department, a
clear idea about the working was obtained. A flexible approach is adapted
towards people who are interviewed. Short hand written notes are
prepared based on the response of the employees. The interviews are
preferably conducted at the work place of the person being interviewed.
Detailed investigation is done in order to define the scope of the problem.
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By the end of this phase, idea as to how the information enters the system, how it is
stored, how it is processed, how information changes affects the working of the system
and finally the output format required by the end-user was collected. All the information
generated from this phase acted as an input to the next phase.
Feasibility study.
A feasibility study is an evaluation of a proposal designed to determine the
difficulty in carrying out a designated task. Generally, a feasibility study
precedes technical development and project implementation.
A feasibility study is a test of a system proposal according to its workability
impact on organization, ability to meet user needs and effective use of
resources. The objective of a feasibility study is not to solve a problem but
to acquire a sense of its scope. In other words, a feasibility study is an
evaluation or analysis of the potential impact of a proposed project. During
the study, the problem definition is crystallized and the aspects of the
problem to be included in the system are determined. After the initial
investigation of system, this helped to have in-depth study of existing
system, understanding its strength and weaknesses & requirements for
new proposed system.
Feasibility study was done in three phases documented below:a) Behavioral feasibility: People are inherently resistant to change and
computers have been known to facilitate change. There is always
some reluctance among the users against the introduction of new
system but they were told that this system would eliminate the
unnecessary overhead of database migration and conversion, which
presently had to be carried out on daily basis to facilitate transactions
between the different departments. The objective this feasibility phase
is to take the operational staff into confidence. As the success of a
good system depends upon the willingness of the operating staff, they
were taken into full confidence that the new proposed system would
make their jobs easier, relieve them from the unnecessary overheads
and reduce the possibility of errors creeping into the system.
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b) Economic feasibility: Economic feasibility is the most frequently used
method for evaluating the effectiveness of the candidate system. More
commonly known as cost\benefit analysis, the procedure is to
determine the benefits and savings that are expected from a candidate
system and compare them with the costs. If benefits outweigh the
costs, then the decision is made to design and implement the system.
A cost\benefit analysis was done for the proposed system to evaluate
whether it would be b economically viable or not. The organization has
in store many machines with high processing power necessary to
implement the system. Also the organization has necessary software
i.e. Visual Studio, SQL Server etc. or hardware to support the system.
Considering the programmer time and the negligible
hardware/software cost required for developing the system, it was
found that the benefits in terms of reduced overhead as a result of
elimination of the requirement of database migration and conversion
was more than the cost.
Cost-based study: It is important to identify cost and benefit
factors, which can be categorized as follows: 1. Development costs;
and 2. Operating costs. This is an analysis of the costs to beincurred in the system and the benefits derivable out of the system.
Time-based study: This is an analysis of the time required to
achieve a return on investments. The future value of a project is
also a factor.
c) Technical feasibility: Technical feasibility centers on the existing
computer system. (Hardware/software) and to what extent it can
support the proposed addition also the organization already has
sufficient high-end machines to serve the processing requirements of
the proposed system. So there is no need to purchase new software
as the organization has necessary software i.e. Visual Studio, SQL
Server etc or hardware to support the proposed system.
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ANALYSIS PHASE
Systems analysis is the study of sets of interacting entities, including computer systems
analysis. This field is closely related to operations research. It is also "an explicit formalinquiry carried out to help someone (referred to as the decision maker) identify a better
course of action and make a better decision than he might otherwise have made."
Analysis is defined as the procedure by which we break down an intellectual or
substantial whole into parts so that we can achieve our end goals.
The development of a computer-based information system includes a systems analysis
phase which produces or enhances the data model which itself is a precursor to
creating or enhancing a database. There are a number of different approaches to
system analysis. When a computer-based information system is developed, systems
analysis would constitute the following steps:
The development of a feasibility study, involving determining whether a project is
economically, socially, technologically and organizationally feasible.
Conducting fact-finding measures, designed to ascertain the requirements of the
system's end-users. These typically span interviews, questionnaires, or visual
observations of work on the existing system.
Gauging how the end-users would operate the system (in terms of general
experience in using computer hardware or software), what the system would be
used for etc.
Another view outlines a phased approach to the process. This approach breaks
systems analysis into 5 phases:
d) Scope definitione) Problem analysis
f) Requirements analysis
g) Logical design
h) Decision analysis
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DESIGN PHASE
After the analysis phase we have with us the details of the existing system and the requirements
of the user for the new system. This phase diverts focus from the problem domain to the solution
domain. It acts as a bridge between the requirement phase and its solution. The design phase
focuses on the detailed implementation of the system recommended in the feasibility study.
Emphasis is on translating performance specifications into design specifications.
The External Design
External design consists of conceiving, planning out and specifying the externally observable
characteristics of the software product. These characteristics include user displays or user
interface forms and the report formats, external data sources and the functional characteristics,
performance requirements etc. External design begins during the analysis phase and continues
into the design phase.
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SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION AND TESTING
Implementation phase of the software development is concerned with translating the
design specifications into the source code. After the system has been designed, and
arrives the stage of putting it into actual usage known as the implementation of the
system. This involves putting up of actual practical usage of the theoretically designed
system. The primary goal of implementation
is to write the source code and the internal documentation so that conformance of the
code to its specifications can easily be verified and so the debugging, modifications and
testing are eased. This goal can be achieved by making the source code as clear and as
straightforward as possible. Simplicity, Elegance and Clarity are the hallmarks of good
programs whereas complexity are indications of inadequate design and misdirected
thinking. The system implementation is a fairly complex and expensive task requiring
numerous inter-dependent activities. It involves the effort of a number of groups of
people: user and the programmers and the computer operating staff etc. This needs a
proper planning to carry out the task successfully. Thus it involves the following
activities:
i) Writing and testing of programs individually
Testing
The most important activity at the implementation stage is the system testing with the
objective of validating the system against the designed criteria. During the development
cycle, user was involved in all the phases that are analysis, design and coding. After each
phase the user was asked whether he was satisfied with the output and the desired
rectification was done at the moment. During coding, generally bottom up technique is
used. Firstly the lower level modules are coded and then they are integrated together.
Thus before implementation, it involves the testing of the system. The testing phase
involves testing first of separate parts of the system and then finally of the system as a
whole. Each independent module is tested first and then the complete system is tested.
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This is the most important phase of the system development. The user carries out this
testing and test data is also prepared by the user to check for all possible combinations of
correct data as well as the wrong data that is trapped by the system. So the testing phase
consists of the following steps:
Unit testing:
In the bottom of coding technique, each module is tested individually. Firstly the
module is tested with some test data that covers all the possible paths and then the
actual data was fed to check for results.
Integration testing:
After all the modules are ready and duly tested, these have to be integrated into
the application. This integrated application was again tested first with the test data
and then with the actual data.
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Dataflow Diagram (DFDs)
Real Estate DFD: -
Real Estate
Home PageUser Register
Redirect to login.phpMySQL Login
Table
If failedUser Login
Advertise
our Pro ert
If successfulYou can search
your property on
Search Property
page.
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Job Portal
Job Portal is "Property consisting of land and the buildings on it, along with its
natural resources such as crops, minerals, or water; immovable property of this
nature; an interest vested in this; (also) an item of real property; (more generally)
buildings or housing in general. Also: the business of real estate; the profession of
buying, selling, or renting land, buildings or housing.
Residential real estate
The legal arrangement for the right to occupy a dwelling in some countries is
known as the housing tenure. Types of housing tenure include owner occupancy,
Tenancy, housing cooperative, condominiums (individually parceled properties in
a single building), public housing, squatting, and cohousing. The occupants of a
residence constitute a household.
Residences can be classified by, if, and how they are connected to neighboring
residences and land. Different types of housing tenure can be used for the same
physical type. For example, connected residents might be owned by a single entity
and leased out, or owned separately with an agreement covering the relationship
between units and common areas and concerns
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DATABASE DESIGN
A database is an organized mechanism that has the capability of storing
information through which a user can retrieve stored information in an effective
and efficient manner. The data is the purpose of any database and must be
protected.
The database design is a two level process. In the first step, user
requirements are gathered together and a database is designed which will meet
these requirements as clearly as possible. This step is called Information Level
Design and it is taken independent of any individual DBMS.
In the second step, this Information level design is transferred into a design
for the specific DBMS that will be used to implement the system in question. This
step is called Physical Level Design, concerned with the characteristics of the
specific DBMS that will be used. A database design runs parallel with the system
design. The organization of the data in the database is aimed to achieve the
following two major objectives.
o Data Integrity
o Data independence
Normalization is the process of decomposing the attributes in an application,
which results in a set of tables with very simple structure. The purpose of
normalization is to make tables as simple as possible. Normalization is carried out
in this system for the following reasons.
To structure the data so that there is no repetition of data , this helps in
saving.
To permit simple retrieval of data in response to query and report
request.
To simplify the maintenance of the data through updates, insertions,
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TABLES STRUCTURE
Table Name: Job Insert
Fieldname Data Type Length Key
Post Varchar 50 -
No. of Post Integer 25 -
Requirement Integer 10 -
Location Varchar 50 -
Salary Integer 20 -
Bond Integer 20 -
Contact Name Varchar 50 -
Contact Number Integer 50 -
Email Varchar 50 -
Table Name: User Registration
Fieldname Data Type Length Key
Username Varchar 50 -
Password Varchar 50 Primary key
Confirm
Password
Varchar 50 -
Contact Name Varchar 50 -
Contact Number Integer 10 -
Email Varchar 50 -
City or Pin Varchar 15 -
Gender Varchar 50
Skill Varchar 50
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Home Page:
New Job Insert :
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Job seeker new registration:
Employer New registration:
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Login Form:
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Future of Job Portal
Job Portal is a project to Search the Job in Bathinda and nearby cities. At present this website is
just for the purpose of training project. In future when well promote our website in various
search engines, we can get a number of hits and can earn well from this site. Well be updating
our website time to time in order to give users complete package and newer features.
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REFERENCES
1.http://www.google.com2.http://www.w3schools.com3.http://www.phpeasystep.com4.http://www.wordpress.org5.http://www.phptutorials.info
http://www.google.com/http://www.google.com/http://www.w3schools.com/http://www.w3schools.com/http://www.phpeasystep.com/http://www.phpeasystep.com/http://www.wordpress.org/http://www.wordpress.org/http://www.phptutorials.info/http://www.phptutorials.info/http://www.phptutorials.info/http://www.wordpress.org/http://www.phpeasystep.com/http://www.w3schools.com/http://www.google.com/