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Field Testing and Evaluation of a Demonstration Timber
Bridge
Travis K. Hosteng, P.E.Iowa State University
2010 ASCE Structures Congress
Session: New Perspectives on Timber Bridges
May 13, 2010
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Overview
• Field Testing Project
• Lab Project
• Demonstration Bridge
• Observations/Future Work
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Introduction/Background• 2003 BEC Project
– 8 glued-laminated timber girder bridges w/ asphalt wearing surfaces
– ~$250,000 project– OR, AL, NY, WI
• Significant asphalt deterioration
• Results– Differential Panel Deflections– Deck Panel Condition
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Field Tests Field tested 12 timber bridges with asphalt wearing surfaces
Elmhurst Moisture Meter
w/ 2” pin
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Field Tests Cont. Rolling Static Tests: BDI Strain; Deflections
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Typical Wearing Surface Performance
• Full-width transverse cracks located at each deck panel interface
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Typical Wearing Surface Performance
Constructed 07/04; Photo taken 08/04
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Field Test Observations Diff. Panel Defl. – Cupped Panels
DifferentialDeflection
Not to scale; Looking North.
Deck Panels
Transducer
Girder
GirderDifferentialDeflection
Not to scale; Looking North.
Deck Panels
Transducer
DifferentialDeflection
Transducer
Girder
Deck Panels
Not to scale; Looking North.
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Results – Global Defl.
• Lost Creek = 2032 9• Camp Creek = 1380 7• Badger Creek = 1150 9• Russellville = 750 5• Chambers Co. = 675 6• Wittson = 600 5• Butler Co. = 560 2• Erfurth = 520 4
Experimental n: L/nWS
Rating*
*Rating Scale: 1-severe; 5-moderate; 9-minorAASHTO=L/500; AASHTO LRFD=L/425; Timber Design Manual=L/360
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Results Cont. – Diff. Panel Defl.
• Camp Creek = N/A 7• Lost Creek = N/A 9• Badger Creek = 0.022 9• Chambers Co. = 0.027 6• Russellville = 0.034 5• Wittson = 0.054 5• Erfurth = 0.127 4• Butler Co. = 0.176 2
Experimental (in.): Limit <0.1 in.
*Rating Scale: 1-severe; 5-moderate; 9-minor
WS
Rating*
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Field Test Observations
• Bridges with higher n-values generally performed better
• The condition of the deck panels was a significant factor affecting wearing surface deterioration
• Research methods to reduce and remediate diff. panel defl. on both new and existing bridges
• Further research into the design of asphalt mixes for wearing surfaces on timber bridges
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Introduction/Background Cont.• 2005 BEC Project
– Constructed full-scale timber bridge– ~$150,000 project– ISU Structures Laboratory
• Single span, 16ft wide• Reduce Differential Panel Deflections– Deck Modification Alternatives
• Test Alternative in the field
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Laboratory Bridge
16-ft wide 4’ x 5 1/8” Deck
Panels
31-ft single span Four Girders
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Deck Panel Joint Alternatives
Plywood Steel Plate Steel Plate w/ Bolts
FRP Dowels Mastic Tape
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Test Results
0.10 in. Limit Suggested by Timber Manual
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Lab Bridge Results
• Alternatives Reduced Diff/Defl.• Important Alt. Qualities
– Effectiveness– Cost– Constructability!
• Top Three: Dowels, Steel Plate, Plywood
• Selected Alternative: Plywood
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Demonstration Timber Bridge Project
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Objective
• Design Full-scale Glued-laminated Timber Bridge
• Utilize Selected Alternative• Document:
– Design– Construction– Serviceability Performance– Live Load Performance
• Final report
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Demonstration Bridge Design
Span 1 Span 2
Glued-laminatedGirder (See Plan Sheet)
Transverse Glued-laminated Deck Panel(See Plan Sheet)
Plywood(See Plywood Detail Sheet)
Asphalt Wearing Surface(See Notes)
Pier Bearing(See Bearing Detail Sheet)
Cross Bracing(See Plan and Cross BracingDetail Sheets)
Cross Bracing
Glued-laminatedGirder
TransverseGlued-laminatedDeck Panel
Steel Plate(See Steel Plate Joint Detail Sheet)
Asphalt Wearing Surface
Thru-BoltsLag Screws(See Plan Sheet) Lag Screws
AbutmentBearing(See Bearing Detail Sheet)
Overall Superstructure Layout(Guardrail omitted for clarity, see Guardrail Detail Sheets)
AbutmentBackwall
AbutmentBackwall
28'
76'
38' 38'
Deck Screws
N
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Plywood Layout
Plan Layout of 1" T/G Treated Plywood
7 @ 4' = 28'
8 panels @ 48" = 32'
38'
3'
Glued-laminatedDeck Panel Joint
1" TreatedT/G Plywood
3'
Span 1 Only
9 sheets @ 4' = 36' 1'
8'
4'
4'
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Demonstration Bridge Design
1'-6"
Glued-laminatedGirders
5'
Bridge Section Near Support and Midspan
5'5'
Cross Frame(See Cross Bracing Detail Sheet)
Glulam Rail(See Rail Detial Sheets)
Bridge Section Near 14 Span
5' 5'
Plywood(See Plywood Detail Sheet)
3" Asphaltat CrownGlued-laminated
Transverse Deck
CL
Cross Frame(See Cross Bracing Detail Sheet) 3" Asphalt
at Crown Steel Plate(See Steel Plate Joint Detial Sheet)Glued-laminated
Transverse Deck
Glulam Rail(See Rail Detial Sheets)
1'-6"
Bridge Section Near Support and Midspan
5'5'5'
Bridge Section Near 14 Span
5' 5'
Glued-laminatedGirders(See Plan Sheet)
LC
Span 1
Span 2
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Demonstration Bridge Construction
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Demonstration Bridge Construction
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Demonstration Bridge Construction
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Demonstration Bridge Construction
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Demo Bridge – Inspection Resutls
Span w/o Plywood
Span w/ Plywood
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Demo Bridge – Test Results
8 panels @ 48" = 32'
38'
28'Out - Out
3' 3'
1/2" Typ.
G1
G2
G3
G4
G5
G6
66646
76914
60257
76912
70360
70369
90388
60265
6026070370
TF 4829BF 1112
TF 4826BF 4815
TF 1293BF 1177
TF 4817BF 4814
TF 4782BF 4821
TF 4818BF 4810
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Test Results Cont.- Differential Deflections
Span w/o Plywood
Span w/o Plywood
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Demo Bridge – Conclusions/Recommendations
• Plywood– reduces differential panel deflections
– easy install– Alters asphalt cracking pattern
• Future investigations:– Plywood pattern– Tongue/Groove plywood– Asphalt Mix Design
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Thank You!