Feature Oriented Regional Modeling System (FORMS) – as a synthesis
component of the Global and Coastal IOOS
Avijit Gangopadhyay
University of Massachusetts Dartmouth
Email: [email protected]
Seed funded by NASA
OUTLINE
• Feature Oriented Regional Modeling
• Concept -- Initialization/Synthesis Methodology
• Example of Strategy in Sicily Strait
• Shallow water applications – CCS
• Global Applications
• Feature oriented synthesis…..
Features in Western North Atlantic
• Gulf Stream
• Warm Core Rings
• Cold Core Rings
• Southern Recirculation Gyre
• Northern Recirculation Gyre
• Deep Western Boundary Current
• Gangopadhyay et al., 3-part series in 1997: Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Tech. (14) 1314:1365
• Maine Coastal Current
• NEC Inflow
• GSC Outflow
• Jordan Basin Gyre
• Wilkinson Basin Gyre
• Georges Basin Gyre
• Georges Bank Gyre
• Tidal Mixing Front• Gangopadhyay et al. 2003:
Continental Shelf Res. 23(3-4), 317-353
• Gangopadhyay and Robinson, 2002: DAO 36(2002) 201-232
Deep Sea region (GSMR) Coastal region (GOMGB)
Table I. List of GOMGB features and selected studies
Features Selected Studies
Maine Coastal Current(including Great South Channel Outflow)
Beardsley et al. (1985), Bisagni et al. (1996), Brooks(1987, 1990, 1994), Brooks and Townsend (1989),Chapman and Beardsley (1989), Holboke and Lynch(1995), Mavor and Huq (1996), Mountain and Manning(1994), Lynch et al. (1992, 1996, 1997), Lynch (1999),Naimie et al. (1994), Naimi (1995,1996), Smith (1989).
Gorges Bank Anticyclonic circulation,Tidal Fronts
Loder et al. (1992), Butman and Beardsley (1987),Butman et al. (1987), Bisagni et al. (1996), Flagg(1987), Houghton et al. (1982).
Jordan Basin Gyre Brooks (1987), Pettigrew et al. (1998), Wright et al.(1986), Beardsley et al. (1997).
Wilkinson Basin Circulation Brown and Beardsley (1978), Brown and Irish (1992,1993), Brown (1998a), Mountain and Jessen (1987).
Georges Basin Gyre Brooks, (1985), Wright et al. (1986), Beardsley et al.(1997), Pettigrew et al. (1998), Xue et al. (2000).
North East Channel Inflow Brooks (1987), Ramp et al. (1985), Bisagni and Smith(1998)
Abbreviations:GOMGB : Gulf of Maine and Georges Bank
MCC : Maine Coastal CurrentGSC : Great South ChannelTMF : Tidal (Mixing) FrontJBG : Jordan Basin GyreWBG : Wilkinson Basin GyreGBG : Georges Basin GyreNEC : North East Channel
T(x,y,z)=Ta(x,z)+(x,z)(y)where,Ta(x,z)={[T0(x)-Tb(x)](x,z)
+Tb}
U(x,y,z)=(y){[UT(x)-UB(x)](x,z)+ UB(x)}
In general, a coastal current (CC), a front (SSF) and an eddy/gyre (E/G) are represented by:
CC: TM(x, η, z) =TMa(x, z)+ αM(x, z) M(η)
SSF: Tss(x, y, z) = Tsh (x, z) + (Tsl (x, z) – Tsh(x, z)) (, z)
E/G T(r, z) = Tc (z) - [Tc (z) - Tk (z) ] {1-exp(-r/R)}
where, TM
a(x, z), Tsh (x, z) and Tc (z) are axis, shelf and core
(η) = (0 W)
(, z) = ½ + ½ tanh[(-.Z)/]
Strategy for GOMGB
MCC, WBG, JBG, GBG, GBAG, TMF, SSF, Inflow/Outflow
Feature Models at
feature locations
+
Regional Climatology
=
FORMS
FORMS Protocol
• Identify Circulation and Water mass features• Regional Synthesis -- Processes from a modeling
perspective• Synoptic Data sets -- in-situ and satellite• Regional Climatology (Background Circulation)• Objective Analysis (Climatology + Feature
Models)• Simulation -- Nowcasting/Forecasting
Feature oriented methodology is applicable to ALL different
Numerical Models • MOM (Modular Ocean Model)
• ROMS (Regional Ocean Model System)
• POM (Princeton Ocean Model)
• HYCOM
• MIT GCM
• HOPS (Harvard Ocean Prediction System)
• Finite Element / Finite Volume modelsIt is an Initialization and Assimilation Methodology
FORMS Applications in Different Oceans
Ocean Application
Western North Atlantic Operational Modeling, e.g. AFMIS-RFAC
Strait of Sicily Dynamical Analysis
Monterey Bay Real-time forecasting w/ ROMS: AOSN-II in summer 2003 upwelling
Brazil Current Meander-eddy-Upwelling Interaction
Persian Gulf, Arabian Sea, Red Sea
Monsoonal FORMS
Chilean Waters - Northern Humboldt Currents
Nested Biophysical Modeling
Shallow water feature models
• Use of ‘intelligent observations’ that are important to resolve the scales and represent the underlying dynamical processes
• Not only temperature-salinity structure, but include first-order dynamics
• Process-oriented feature models
Elements of Synthesis
• Synthesis of Multi-sensor observational system: Satellite (SST, SSH, SSC), in-situ, CODAR -- using feature-oriented approach
• Process-oriented shallow water feature models• Feature Tracking -- High resolution data
fusion• EOF analysis for Vertical Structure
determination (Warn-Varnas et al., 2004)• High-resolution regional climatology• Dynamical Adjustment via Models -- FORMS
Some more thoughts
• Feature-oriented method allows for strategic deployment of available resources
• It optimizes (possibly maximizes) return on investments (ROIs)
• The ‘returns’ are not only in $$ but in science, too
• Minimizes human involvement (loss) – because it’s a knowledge-based system