Download - FARA ED Keynote - CCARDESA GA
Forum for Agricultural Research in Africa
The African Agriculture Transformation Agenda: A socio-economic imperative for Enhancing and
Sustaining Africa's Growth
Dr Yemi AkinbamijoExecutive Director
Keynote presentation at the inaugural CCARDESA
General Assembly, Gaborone, Botswana;
6-7 May 2014
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1. Background– Why African agriculture must be transformed?
2. Africa’s Agricultural Transformation Agenda (AATA)
3. Strengthening CCARDESA’s contribution to realization of the AATA
4. FARA
5. Concluding Remarks
Outline
• The foundation for transformation has been laid
• Need for an African narrative of the continent
Africa before
1984 2000
and now
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SSA GDP growth rates (1980-2013)
Compiled with data from IMF World Economic Outlook Database 2014
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1981 1984 1987 1990 1993 1996 1999 2002 2005 20080
25
50
75
100
East Asia and Pacific South AsiaSub-Saharan Africa
Percentage of population living on less than $1.25 per day (1981-2008)Percentage of population living on less than $1.25 per day in 2010
Poverty reduction
East Asia & Pacific
LAC MENA South Asia SSA0
10
20
30
40
50
12.55.5 2.4
31.0
48.5
Prepared from World Bank Data
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1. Sustaining a high growth rate over the long term
2. Ensuring that high growth translates into high poverty reduction (inclusive growth)
3. Ensuring that high growth is environmentally sustainable
Africa’s economic growth challenges
• Wide scope for growth – Bridging the productivity gap
• Offers the highest poverty reducing potential – (2- 4 times compared to other sectors)
• Scope for intensification: to reduce land degradation
Pivotal role of Agriculture in Africa
Source: De Janvry and Sadoulet, 2010
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06/05/2014 8Forum for Agricultural Research in Africa
Pivotal role of Agriculture
“Everything can wait but agriculture cannot wait!”
Jawaharlal NehruIndian Statesman and First Prime Minister
Historically, with few exceptions, no country has been able to sustain a rapid transition out of poverty without raising productivity in its agricultural sector
Multiple functions of Agriculture
Environmental stewardship
Bioenergy
Nutrition & Health
Food Security
Climate change Income
Food security in Africa“… without food security, sustained improvements in human development will remain an unattainable goal”
Africa Human Development Report 2012
Progress has been made but Africa lags behind rest of the world in food security indicators
• ¼ of population is undernourished
• Per-capita food production is falling
“Challenges will always abound; overcoming them is
the real challenge”Yemi Akinbamijo
The real challenge
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• The Comprehensive Africa Agriculture Development Programme (CAADP): An initiative of the African Union and NEPAD
The African Agriculture Transformation Agenda
• A framework for revitalising agriculture as the driver for Africa’s structural transformation
• Represents a fundamental shift toward African ownership and leadership of its development agenda
• Emphasis of the new CAADP phase (2013- 2023) is on results and impact
The pathway to transformation
Wealth creation; Improved Food and Nutrition Security; Resilience
Sustained inclusive agriculture growth (Agribusiness & Entrepreneurship; jobs, poverty reduction; national & regional
agric markets & trade; Africa’s share in global agriculture trade)
1 Increased agriculture production
and productivity
2 Increased value-
addition and access to better
functioning markets and trade
3 Food and nutrition
security for all
4 Resilience to
climate change and other risks
5Public-private engagement
and investment financing
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1
2
4
3
5
1960 19801970 1990 20082000
Year
Sub-Saharan Africa
South Asia
South East Asia
Rest of the World
East Asia
Cereal Grain Average Yield by Region (mT/Ha)• Harnessing science , technology and innovation – implementing the Science Agenda
• Improved Land & Water management
• Improved access to inputs & financial services
• TARGET: double agriculture total factor productivity (TFP) by 2025
1. Improving production and productivity …1/5
• Improving productivity and competitiveness is one of the raison d'être for STI
• Africa lags behind in both the generation and adoption of science outputs for enhancing productivity
Science, technology & innovation are essential to increasing productivity
Region No. variety releases, 1965-1998
Share area to modern varieties, 1998
Share area to modern varieties, 2010
LAC 3,146 0.51Asia 2,229 0.83MENA 715 0.56SS Africa 1,157 0.23 0.35All 7,246 0.65
Source: Renkow and Byerlee, 2010
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Science Outputs
Countries re-sized according to scientific output
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• Africa has ceded control of its STI agenda for agriculture to external partners—strategically untenable
• This is now being addressed by ensuring full ownership and leadership of the Science Agenda
• Test of African ownership and leadership lies in African financing of the agenda’s implementation
1. Improving production and productivity …2/5
10
100
1,000
10,000
100 1,000 10,000 100,000
Agricultural output per worker (log scale)
Ag
ricu
ltu
ral
ou
tpu
t p
er h
ecta
re o
f la
nd
(lo
g s
cale
)
Australia & New Zealand
N America
W Europe
Japan & S Korea
Former USSR
W Asia & N Africa
Latin America
SSA
ChinaS Asia
South Africa
E Europe
SE Asia
1000 ha/worker
100 ha/worker
10 ha/worker1 ha/worker0.1 ha/worker
1. Improving production and productivity …3/5
• Doubling TFP will entail devoting special attention to:- labour productivity, non-land physical capital & biotechnology
1. Improving production and productivity …4/5
“We will have to phase out the hand hoe if we are to attract the youth into agriculture.” “… the right place for the hand-hoe
should be the museum.”HE Tumusiime Rhoda Peace,
AUC Commissioner for Rural Economy and Agriculture
• Improving labour productivity
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• Taking advantage of the possibilities offered by Biotechnology
– A rational debate needed that considers the problem, all possible solutions including biotech in all forms, and their associated benefits and risks)
1. Improving production and productivity …5/5
• Potential market for agric and agribusiness projected to reach US$1 trillion by 2030
• Food import bill (2010-2012) averaged US$69.5B/pa and is growing at 15% pa
TARGET: increase share of intra-Africa trade to at least 50% of total agri-food trade by 2025
2. Increased value-addition and access to better functioning markets and trade
Most of Africa:Agribusiness
accounts for 38%
Global: Agribusiness accounts for 78% of value added in the value chain
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Target:End hunger and ensure food and nutritional security for all Africa’s citizens on a self-reliant (food sovereignty) basis by 2025
ThroughPolicy and social protection interventions
3. Food and nutrition security for all
Targets:• Climate change adaptation is
strongly integrated in agric. investment plans
• Functional resilience mechanisms strengthened
4. Resilience to climate change and other risks
ThroughEnhancing access by smallholders to finance and technology for climate adaptation and management of other risks
Projected changes in LGP: 2000-2050
Source: Thornton et al. (2006) Mapping Climate Vulnerability and Poverty in Africa, ILRI, Nairobi, Kenya
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• Mobilisation of domestic investments (public and private) into agriculture and agribusiness
• Improve investments in terms of:– Volume (amount)– Quality (targeted for best returns)– Stability – Source (public, private, external)
Public-private engagement and investment financing
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• Guiding a lion versus herding cats out of a forest
CCARDESA & the Agric. Transformation Agenda
• CCARDESA offers a platform & mechanism for collective action of the SADC 15 countries to implement the Science Agenda
• Implementation at country level
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• CCARDESA is mandated to support countries to prepare / update their science for agriculture strategies and action plans, through CAADP process
• Collective action in the implementation of STI within Southern Africa:– Regional STI visioning / strategy
– Regional programmes
– Centres of excellence,
– Regional mobility of human resources
CCARDESA & the Agric. Transformation Agenda
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• It is essential that CCARDESA MTOP is aligned to Science Agenda and supports CCARDESA constituents to realise targets of the transformation agenda
• Consider these areas for strengthening in the CCARDESA MTOP– Visioning (strategic analysis + foresight)
– Operationalization of the Science Agenda
– Promoting and catalysing value-addition
– Advocacy for improved investments (volume, quality, stability, source)
CCARDESA & the Agric. Transformation Agenda
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RationaleCreated in 2002 to meet the demand for collective action in agriculture science, technology & innovation at continental level
Purpose:
To contribute to generating high broad-based and sustainable agricultural growth in Africa by improving productivity, competitiveness and market access
The Forum for Agricultural Research in Africa
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Architecture of African ARD institutions
Global
Continental
Sub-Regional
National
African Union Commission
RECs
National Governments
GFAR
FARA
SROs
NARS
Scale Political organs ARD institution
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SROs are the building blocks of FARA
NASRO
ASARECA
CORAF/WECARD
CCARDESA
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FARA’s Strategic Priorities (2014-2018)
Visioning Africa’s
agricultural Transformatio
n
Integrating capacities for
change
Enabling the environment
for implementati
on
Cross cutting• Climate Change• Gender• Youth• Nutrition• Bioenergy
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• FARA’s push for establishment of CCARDESA– Driven by recognition that Africa’s ARD architecture was
incomplete & weak without a functional SRO in southern Africa
• Until recently the FARA-CCARDESA relationship was focussed on institutional strengthening of CCARDESA
FARA and CCARDESA …1/3
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As CCARDESA matures, its relationships with partners will
inevitably change
FARA and CCARDESA …2/3
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FARA engagement with CCARDESA is expected to evolve to include:
– Joint initiatives (conception, formulation and implementation) in line with subsidiarity principle
– Joint visioning and planning
– Joint advocacy of STI and resource mobilisation
FARA and CCARDESA …3/3
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1. Starting point: What kind of agriculture does Southern Africa want to have in the next 10, 20, 30 years?
2. The real challenge is to undertake the necessary actions to achieve this vision
3. STI is necessary but not sufficient to realise the desired transformation. Need to link with other drivers, especially policy
Concluding Remarks …1/2
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4. Good governance of institutions mandated to deliver results contributing to the transformation is essential
5. “Let us STOP the blah, blah and start the do do”
6. Appreciate all stakeholders and development partners that have contributed to CCARDESA’s evolution
Concluding Remarks …2/2
Forum for Agricultural Research in Africa
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FARA@15 CommemorationAccra, Ghana, November 2014