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BRNO UNIVERSITY OF BRNO UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGYTECHNOLOGY
Faculty of Civil EngineeringFaculty of Civil EngineeringInstitute of Technology of Building MaterialsInstitute of Technology of Building Materials
Nikol ŽižkováNikol Žižková
University of MinhoUniversity of Minho November, 2008November, 2008
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Adhesive and highAdhesive and high--strengthstrengthcoating materials for coating materials for
External Thermal Insulation External Thermal Insulation Composite SystemComposite Systems s (ETICS)(ETICS)
1 brickwork2 adhesive material3 heat insulation4 screeding material5 reinforcing meshwork6 surface treatment7 dowel
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WhyWhy ETICS ?ETICS ?Monthly average temperatures in the CR between 1997 - 2007 [°C]
15
20
25
Tem
pera
ture
s [
°C]
Year 1997
Year 1998
Year 1999
Year 2000
Year 2001
-10
-5
0
5
10
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December
Tem
pera
ture
s [
°C]
Year 2002
Year 2003
Year 2004
Year 2005
Year 2006
Year 2007
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Thermal protectionThermal protection
�� 80 % of the 80 % of the energy of a single energy of a single family house is family house is needed for needed for heatingheatingheatingheating
�� efficient thermal efficient thermal insulation may insulation may reduce up to 60 % reduce up to 60 % heating energy heating energy needsneeds
Building part share of energy loss:Building part share of energy loss:RoofRoof 30 % 30 % WallWall 16 % 16 % FloorFloor 16 % 16 % Thermal bridgesThermal bridges 3 %3 %Air renewalAir renewal 20 %20 %
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Heat Insulation (ETICS)Heat Insulation (ETICS)
1.1. Expanded Expanded polystyrene boardpolystyrene board
2.2. Mineral wool Mineral wool (block(blockss of flats of flats higher than 22,5 higher than 22,5 meters)meters)
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Aim of the workAim of the work
ByBy--products secondary raw materialsproducts secondary raw materials
The set objectives of this work :The set objectives of this work :�� tto monitor changes in properties of polymero monitor changes in properties of polymer--
modified cementmodified cement adhesive and adhesive and screedingscreedingmaterials by applying selected types of bymaterials by applying selected types of by--products as a replacement of part of filler products as a replacement of part of filler contentcontent,,
�� tto find maximal possible limit of filling with o find maximal possible limit of filling with individual waste raw materials.individual waste raw materials.
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MethodologyMethodology
By-products
Binder Additives
Basic tests
Mixtures proposed
Filler
Correction
Standard Filler
By-products Basic tests
OptimalisationOptimalisation
Selected mixtures
Additional testsFinal mixtures
Correction
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ComponentComponentss of mixtureof mixtureof aof adhesive and screeding dhesive and screeding
materials for ETICSmaterials for ETICS�� Component of mixtureComponent of mixture::
A.A. BinderBinder Cement CEM I Cement CEM I 442,52,5 RR
B.B. FillerFiller Siliceous sandSiliceous sand 0 0 –– 0.2 mm0.2 mmB.B. FillerFiller Siliceous sandSiliceous sand 0 0 –– 0.2 mm0.2 mm
Ground limestone 0.2 Ground limestone 0.2 –– 0.5 mm0.5 mm
C.C. AdditivesAdditives Copolymer EVACopolymer EVA
CCellulose etherellulose ether
FFoam removeroam remover
D.D. ByBy--productsproducts Fly ashFly ash
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Why fly ash ?Why fly ash ?
�� >> 70% 70% of electricity in the Cof electricity in the CRR is produced in is produced in thermal power plants incinerating coalthermal power plants incinerating coal
�� 10 Mt 10 Mt -- aannual production of fly ash by power nnual production of fly ash by power plants in the Cplants in the Czech Republiczech Republic
�� Fly ash Fly ash -- the greatest amount of waste materials the greatest amount of waste materials in industry and power engineeringin industry and power engineering
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Properties of the fly ashProperties of the fly ash
CaO [%]
MnO [%]
Al2O3 [%]
Fe2O3 [%]
Sulphates [%]
SiO2 [%]
Na2O[%]
MgO [%]
K2O[%]
TiO2 [%]
LCA[%]
1.79 0.03 28.93 6.08 0.2 56.82 0.32 1.31 1.79 2.02 0.74
The use of puzzolano reaction for impThe use of puzzolano reaction for imprroving oving properties of adhesive and highproperties of adhesive and high--strength strength coating materials for ETICScoating materials for ETICS
x x Ca(OH)Ca(OH)22 + y+ y SiOSiO22 + z+ z HH22O O →→ xx CaO . CaO . y y SiOSiO22 . . z z HH22OO
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Selected results Selected results --adhesivenessadhesiveness
2
2,5
Adhesive
ness
[MPa]
Determination of adhesiveness
Determination of adhesiveness according to ČSN EN 1542 of SE mixtures with fly ash
0
0,5
1
1,5
Adhesive
ness
[MPa]
SE/R SE/FA2 SE/FA4 SE/FA6 SE/FA8
Mixture mark
to concrete
to concrete afterfreezing cycles
to polystyren
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Selected results Selected results -- strengthstrength
25
30
35
Strength
[MPa]
Tension and bending strength
Determination of tension and bending strength according to ČSN EN 12808-3 of SE mixtures with fly ash
0
5
10
15
20
25
Strength
[MPa]
SE/R SE/FA2 SE/FA4 SE/FA6 SE/FA8
Mixture mark
tension strengthbending strength
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TestingTesting of of base layer (including glass mesh)base layer (including glass mesh)for ETICSfor ETICS
Mixture Mixture without fly without fly ashashMax. width of Max. width of cracks:cracks:0,15 mm0,15 mm
Monitoring of cracks by elongation 1,5 % (max. width of crack is 0,15 mm Monitoring of cracks by elongation 1,5 % (max. width of crack is 0,15 mm according to Rules of Czech ETICS Association)according to Rules of Czech ETICS Association)
MixtureMixturecontaining containing 60 %60 % of fly of fly ash asash asfilling filling componentcomponentMax. width of Max. width of cracks:cracks:0,10 mm0,10 mm
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Study of microstructureStudy of microstructurePore size distribution
Total cumulative volume
150,00
200,00
250,00
To
tal cu
mu
lati
ve v
olu
me [
mm
3.g
-1]
0,00
50,00
100,00
500-100
100-50
50-25
25-15
15-7,5
7,5-5
5-3
3-2,5
2,5-2
2-1,5
1,5-1,25
1,25-1
1-,75
0,75-0,5
0,5-0,4
0,4-0,3
0,3-0,25
0,25-0,2
0,2-0,15
0,15-0,1
0,1-0,075
0,075-0,05
0,05-0,035
0,035-0,03
0,03-0,025
0,025-0,02
0,02-0,015
0,015-0,01
0,01-0,0074
Pore diameter ranges [µm]
To
tal cu
mu
lati
ve v
olu
me [
mm
SE/R SE/FA6
Magnification of 700, 2800 and 280Magnification of 700, 2800 and 28000 timestimes
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ConclusionConclusion
�� Use of the fly ash for the production Use of the fly ash for the production of adhesive and highof adhesive and high--build coating build coating materials for ETICS :materials for ETICS :�� Increasing adhesiveness after the Increasing adhesiveness after the �� Increasing adhesiveness after the Increasing adhesiveness after the action of frostaction of frost
�� Increasing tension and bending Increasing tension and bending strengthstrength
�� Increasing frost resistanceIncreasing frost resistance�� Lowering absorptionLowering absorption
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What could happen if you What could happen if you do not do not have highhave high--
quality quality aadhesive and screeding materialsdhesive and screeding materials... ...
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ThankThank you for your attentionyou for your attention
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BrnoBrno –– university cityuniversity city
�� Second biggest city in the Czech republicSecond biggest city in the Czech republic�� Population Population –– 450 000450 000�� University city University city –– 65 000 students at 8 65 000 students at 8
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