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Faculty of Architecture, Kasetsart University
Dr. Tanapon PanthasenFaculty of Architecture, Kasetsart University
Thailand and the World Thailand and the World MovementMovement
of Green Buildingof Green Building
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Topics
IntroductionResearch Objectives/
Methodology Integral TheoryGlobal Green
Building MovementMovement of Green
Building in ThailandConclusion &
Recommendations
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Faculty of Architecture, Kasetsart University
1.Introduction
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Since ancient timesGigantic structures have been
constructed through the employment of large quantities of natural resources.
the Great Pyramid of Giza
2.6 million m3 of different quarried-stone materials
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Impact
only consumption of natural resources nearby the site
The Khufu quarry as viewed from the top of the Great Pyramid.http://www.aeraweb.org/khufu_quarry.asp
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Recent days Modern construction
process of just one project can damage the whole Earth.
For example, importing materials from Europe to Thailand makes natural damage occur in the entire route from Europe to Thailand too.
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Imported Construction Materials
Remove eco-system Consume fossil fuels Emit greenhouse gas
and other forms of pollution
And so on
Example of damage caused in every step.
Quarry
ManufactureTransport
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Damage occurs throughout the whole life of the building.
Imported Construction Materials
Consume fossil fuels Emit greenhouse gas and
other forms of pollution And so on
Example of damage caused in every step.
MaintenanceInstallation
Shipment
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the construction industry accounts for
1/6 of global fresh water consumption
1/4 of global wood consumption
1/4 of ozone-depleting gases come from air-conditioning units
Ebohon and Rwelamila (2001)
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More recent days : potentials “Greening our buildings is the single most effective
way to immediately reduce greenhouse gas emissions and mitigate human induced Climate Change.”
“Green buildings improve human health and productivity and make economic sense.”
the Pennsylvania Environmental Council (2008),
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Benefits in the United States Children who are educated in green classrooms score
as much as 20% higher on standardized tests. In green offices, workers experience productivity
gains as high as 17%. Green building strategies have a 20 to 1 average
annual return on investment.
Green buildings are leased up at a faster rate and are commanding premium rents.
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Highlight health and financial benefitshere to attract developers and the market demand.
the new greening of building and construction
drive
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Additionally, the main part of this paper aims to attract developers and the market demand.
drive
Clarify green real estate business opportunities and trends by providing insight into the history of the green building movement.
the new greening of building and construction
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Faculty of Architecture, Kasetsart University
2. Research Objectives /Methodology
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Objectives
To study Thailand and the global green building movement
To analyze Thailand and the global green building movement using Wilber's Integral Theory
To recommend policy actions to facilitate green building and real estate development
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Methodology
Use content analysis method to analyze data and explain the global green building movement according to Wilber's Integral Theory.
Historical research, and qualitative methods Collect data through document research and in-depth
interviews with experts in four countries: USA, UK, the Netherlands, and Thailand, during and after my doctoral study.
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Faculty of Architecture, Kasetsart University
3. Integral Theory
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Why this theory?
Emphasize the mental or spiritual aspects as this facet closely relates to economics, marketing, and architecture, the basis of real estate development. These aspects are commonly cited in the literature as a condition of a shift to sustainable development.
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Why this theory? Give a holistic explanation
of the relationship between spirituality and other aspects of human development, as the green movement is a human creation. Moreover, the green movement affects every aspect of human life.
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Why this theory?
Be familiar to Thai society, and help the Thai people understand the movement more easily since this paper argues for the implementation of low carbon initiatives in Thailand.
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Integral concepts
Living and thinking according to conditions of nature
Inter-relationship between body-spirituality
Balance and sufficiency Knowledge with virtue
Integral paradigm in sustainable developmen
t today
Pythagoras Lao-tzuBuddha
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More Integral ideas from Buddhism
“If we understand all aspects of nature and conserve the law of nature within ourselves, … the external, physical aspect of nature will be able to conserve itself automatically.”Buddhism has limitations regarding research methodology and the ability to analyze and explain the international context of
the green movement.
Buddhadasa Bhikkhu(1990)
“… Nothing happens except through various causes and conditions … Further, the causes and conditions of one thing are caused and conditioned by others. These interactions of conditionality extend through the universe, mental and physical, connecting everything in a vast web of interdependence … interconnectedness … So supreme is this natural fact that we can call it the law of nature.
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“If we can ‘get the people right,’ then the planet will take care of itself”
Integral ideas from the West
“Integral means comprehensive, inclusive, balanced, embracing. When it comes to human beings, integral means maps, models and practices that include the full spectrum of human potential, often summarized as “exercising body, mind and spirit in self, culture and nature.”
Ken Wilber
Don Edward Beck (2001)
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Exte
rior/o
bje
ctiv
e : p
hysic
al
Broader perspective of Integral Theory
Inte
rior/
su
bje
cti
ve :
min
dset Individual
Collective
Mental Health/
self
Physical health/
behavior
Social system/
environment
Culture/ value
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Mental Health/
self
Physical health/
behavior
Social system/
environment
Culture/ value
Exte
rior/o
bje
ctiv
e : p
hysic
alIn
teri
or/
su
bje
cti
ve :
min
dset Individual
Collective
Broader perspective of Integral Theory
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Natural evolution is “simply an order of increasing wholeness”
molecule
cellemptine
ss
Deep perspective of Integral Theory
atom
Organisms/ body
reptilian stem- limbic -neocortex
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Small one at lower level becomes a partof the whole of the next
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Small one at lower level becomes a partof the whole of the next
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Small one at lower level becomes a partof the whole of the next
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Small one at lower level becomes a partof the whole of the next
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Small one at lower level becomes a partof the whole of the next
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Small one at lower level becomes a partof the whole of the next
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4 aspects of life have evolved together
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4 aspects of life have evolved together
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Faculty of Architecture, Kasetsart University
4. Global green building movement
From eco To eco
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Integral Evolution by Era (Beck and Tanapon)
หลั�กในการวิ�เคราะห�
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100,000 years ago
archaic, family survival clans, natural shelters
stay aliveinstinct
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35,000 years ago
an
imis
tic
tribal magical early-primitive tribe
folk
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12,000 years ago
egocentric
power god primitive feudal-empire
conquest
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8,000 years ago
mythic order
mythic, saintly faithful
ancient nations, classic
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2500 years ago / the great philosopher of integral teachings
Pythagoras Lao-tzu
Buddha
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Reductionism/ egoism
Scientific philosophy:Scientific philosophy: nature and life are
considered like machine; can be studied part by
part separately.
Industrial revolution/ modernization
economic power
250 years agoRationale mentality
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Expansion around the world
desire to acquire vast amounts of natural resources
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Main stream developmentscientific
corporate states, modern, postmodern
consumerism
Rational
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Global crisis
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50 years agosensitive caring
pluralistic value community, green matters
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40 40 years agoyears ago
Information flow, Information flow, sufficiencysufficiency
naturalnatural
Integrative learningIntegrative learning
Inte
gra
l In
teg
ral
vie
wvie
w
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30 30 years agoyears ago
Global Ecovillage & other networksGlobal Ecovillage & other networks
planetary actionsplanetary actions
holisti
c
holisti
c
vie
wvie
w
interactive interactive holismholism
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Global Ecovillage NetworksGlobal Ecovillage NetworksCurrently, there are more than 10,000 sustainable eco-Currently, there are more than 10,000 sustainable eco-villages listed as its members worldwidevillages listed as its members worldwide
Network of The World Green Network of The World Green Building Council Building Council In USA, from 2005-2009 there were about 25,000 In USA, from 2005-2009 there were about 25,000 commercial LEED* registered projects.commercial LEED* registered projects.
*an internationally recognized green building certification system
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Faculty of Architecture, Kasetsart University
5. The Movement of Green Building in Thailand
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1,500 years ago
mythic order
mythic, saintly faithful
Dvaravati Architecture
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Traditional Thai Style
design with nature
General
Royal
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saintly self (Blue) respecting the “higher power” blindly
followed western ideas without a broader understanding of
Western society
King Rama 4 adopted Scientific Scientific
philosophyphilosophyTo modernize Thailand
150 years agoRationale mentality
Architecture without prompt adaptation to the local culture and the environment
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70 years agoThai green
movement began, as inspired by Buddhadasa Bhikkhu’s holistic teaching and declined social and environmental conditions.
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50 years ago Industrialization became stronger as supported by
achiever self (Orange) of Thai leaders, architects, and other experts.
The first National Economic Plan was issued under the success driven approach and a materialistic paradigm.
Thai real estate industry emerged with a modern form of architecture.
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40 years ago 40 years ago (the same time as (the same time as West)West)
With integral self (Yellow) emerging, many architects began to publicized green design and experiments.
They advocated for tropical architecture, ecological concepts and building according to Buddha's core teachings.
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30 years agoAchiever self (Orange)
successfully created high-rise building
People worked and lived fully in materialism and consumerism culture supported by policy focusing economic growth.
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20 years ago well known bubble economics began
scientific
corporate states, modern, postmodern
consumerism
Rational
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15 years ago, green movement made significant progressThe original Energy Conservation Promotion Act
and the Enhancement and Conservation of National Environmental Quality Act were issued .
The first real estate project with sustainable features was developed and sold successfully by developers holding Yellow-Turquoise self.
The first time the phrases “sustainable architecture” and “green architecture” were publicized in Association of Siamese Architects (ASA) magazine articles.
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10 years ago Results of economic downturn
Kasetsart University was first to launch a sustainable architecture program in Thailand.
The ASA organized a major conference with the aim of influencing a shift towards sustainable-self sufficient forms of architecture.
Elevated Road and Train System Elevated Road and Train System
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Recent years Results of energy and environmental crisis promoted via various media, in addition to economic and political stress
Thai green building standards and laws
Green building rewards Coordination among
government, professionals, academia, companies, banks
Economical green technology
Thai Green Building InstituteThai Green Building Institute
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Recent years Results of energy and environmental crisis promoted via various media, in addition to economic and political stress
Market demands for saving and high-quality environment
Meditation and other ancient retreats
Developers committing to green
Many green projects
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Faculty of Architecture, Kasetsart University
6. Conclusion & Recommendations
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Conclusion readiness of construction and buildings sector in participating
more seriously in green development in a low-carbon economy
Spirituality-Environmental consciousness-Motivation for sustainable community-Demand for higher quality of life with less expenditure in housing-Interest in energy saving and environmentally friendly equipment and construction methods-Commitment to green development
Health and behaviors-Environmental conservation and spiritual practices-High social and economic stress illness-Customers’ search for the best of their choices-Developers and architects’ creation of green projects
Culture-“Global warming” awareness-Public participations in green activities-Cooperation between professional organizations-Transcendent self knowledge of Buddhism-Belief in sufficiency economy-Meditation and other ancient retreats such as yoga-Niche market demand for green projects
Environment and systems-Stronger environmental and energy saving laws-Green building standards with a rewards system-Professional organizations supporting the green movement-Effective information systems-Eco-friendly technology-Education, research and development systems in academic institutions
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Recommendations Government
Issue incentive measures Establish a carbon market mechanism and reveal how the
developers can request “carbon credits” from green projects
Produce experts on a technical and management level Promote green building as a national agenda Establish Ministry of Spatial Development to facilitate
green building and construction National Economic and Social Development Plan
Include green building as a factor that helps promote a healthy society and community, a low-carbon economy and environmental conservation
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Toward Green and Happiness Society