![Page 1: Factors Limiting Columbia Gorge Chum Salmon US Fish and Wildlife Service Columbia River Fisheries Program Office February 2002](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062618/5514e9a2550346b0478b5b7a/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Factors Limiting Columbia Gorge Chum Salmon
US Fish and Wildlife ServiceColumbia River Fisheries Program Office
February 2002
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• Chum had widest distribution of all Pacific salmon (~ 50% of annual biomass)
• Historic chum run in the early 1900s was ~1,400,000
• By 1928, run size was ~700,000 adults
• In 1950s the run size had dropped to ~10,000
• Since 1959, the population has been relatively stable with the annual minimum run size ranging from 300 to 5,700
Brief History
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Adults
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Hamilton Springs Weir Hardy Creek Weir
Spawning Ground Surveys Radio Telemetry
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Date
Live count and corresponding peak daily flow, 1998-2001
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
Pe
ak
Co
un
t
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
Ele
vati
on
HC Live Count
HS Live Count
Peak Elevation
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-3000
-2000
-1000
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
11/20 11/25 11/30 12/5 12/10 12/15 12/20 12/25 12/30
Dis
tan
ce (
m)
fro
m R
ad
io T
ag
Sit
e
Male
Female
Typical male and female movement
[50 m]
[3600 m]
[2000 m]
Date
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Hamilton Springs
Hardy Creek
Ives IslandPierce Island
3000m2
2000m2
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Juveniles
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D-Frame Fyke Net Floating Fyke Net
Bismark Brown Photonic Dye Injection
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Smolt emigration timing, 1997-2001
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
2/4 2/24 3/15 4/4 4/24 5/14 6/3 6/23
Date
Cu
mu
lati
ve P
erc
en
t
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2000
2001*
*
* Indicates Hamilton Springs data
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1998 1999 2000 2001
Smolt abundance estimates in Hardy Creek and Hamilton Springs, 1998- 2001
0
20000
40000
60000
80000
100000
120000
140000
160000
180000
200000 HC
HS
55*
203*
48* 50*
12*
26*
* Indicates number of females in stream previous spawning season
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Redd Caps
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Habitat
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Piezometers