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EXPERIENCES WITH SORGHUM-BASED DDGS
IN SWINE & POULTRY DIETS
NCGA/NGSPA Southwest Co-Products Conference
October 30-31, 2002
Joe D. Hancock, Ph.D. Kansas State University
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Why the renewed interest?
• It is good farm policy • It is good energy policy • It is good for ethanol producers
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Why my interest? • A general lack of info • Info based on limited data • Info based on DDGS from corn only
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Nutrient Content of DDGS from Corn and Sorghums
Corn
Bronze
Yellow
Item Grain DDGS Grain DDGS Grain DDGS Dry matter, % CP, % Crude fat, % Crude fiber, % GE, Mcal/kg Lysine, % Threonine, % Met + Cys, %
91.9 8.0 3.9 3.2 4.00
0.29 0.28 0.42
90.3 23.9
8.1 11.0
4.55
0.59 0.77 0.95
91.9 9.8 3.0 2.6 4.20
0.21 0.24 0.32
90.4 26.6
8.1 8.5 4.53
0.60 0.87 1.00
91.9 9.3 3.0 2.4 3.98
0.25 0.29 0.35
88.9 25.6
8.0 9.5 4.33
0.55 0.79 0.93
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• 210 broiler chicks (6 d old) used in an 8-d metabolism experiment
• Cornstarch-based (50%) reference diet • Main effects:
Cereal (corn, bronze & yellow sorghum) Distillation trt (whole grain vs DDGS)
• Feed and water consumed ad libitum
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Basal Diet Ingredient Amount, % Cornstarch 50.00 Corn gluten meal 36.34 Soy isolate 3.50 Soy oil 2.00 Amino acids 1.42 Vits/Mins/Ab 6.74
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Comparisons to MEn of Corn and Corn-based DDGS in NRCs
3,350
2,480
3,593
2,238
2000
3300
4600
1984 & 1994 NRCs KSUGrain
kcal/kg
DDGS Grain DDGS
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MEn of Cereals and DDGS in Broiler Chicks
3,593
2,238
3,307
2,677
3,829
2,866
2000
3300
4600
Corn Bronze Yellow
SE 180 Bronze vs yellow (P < 0.07), Grain vs DDGS (P < 0.001), Corn vs sorghums x grains vs DDGS (P < 0.10)
Grain
kcal/kg
DDGS Grain DDGS Grain DDGS
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• 690 broiler chicks (8 d old) used in an 14-d slope ratio assay
• Cornstarch-based (50%) reference diet with 0.55% total lysine • Lysine HCl added to bring totals to 0.60, 0.65, 0.70, and 0.75% • Slope of response to lysine from test ingredients expressed as ratio to slope of response to lysine HCl
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Basal Diet Ingredient Amount, % Cornstarch 50.00 Corn gluten meal 37.91 Soy isolate 3.00 Soy oil 2.00 Amino acids 0.61 Vits/Mins/Ab 6.48
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Comparisons to Lys Availability of Corn and Corn-based DDGS in NRC
81
65
7776
60
75
90
1994 NRC KSUGrain
%
DDGS Grain DDGS
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Lysine Bioavailability in Cereals and DDGS in Broiler Chicks
77 7674
73
65
71
60
73
85
Corn Bronze YellowGrain
%
DDGS Grain DDGS Grain DDGS
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Comparisons to ME of Corn and Corn-based DDGS in Swine NRC
3,420 3,3353,593
2,238
2000
3300
4600
1988 Swine NRC KSU BroilersGrain
kcal/kg
DDGS Grain DDGS
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• 192 finishing pigs (avg BW of 43 kg) were used in a 49-d growth assay • MOF building with 12 pigs/pen and 4 pens/trt • Feed and water consumed ad libitum • Diets in meal form • TRTs: corn-soy-based control with 0, 10, 20, and 30% DDGS • Soy oil to equalize ME of diets
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Sorghum-based DDGS and ADG in Finishing Pigs
893 898 878 878
600
900
1200
Control 10% 20% 30%
SE 12 g
No trt effect (P > 0.15)
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Sorghum-based DDGS and G/F in Finishing Pigs
377 381 388 381
200
375
550
Control 10% 20% 30%
SE 61 g/kg
No trt effect (P > 0.13)
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• 80 finishing pigs (avg BW of 55 kg) were used in a 56-d growth assay • Feed and water consumed ad libitum • Confinement facility with 2 pigs/pen and 10 pens/trt • Diets in meal form • TRTs: corn-soy-based control with 0, 20, 40, and 60% DDGS • Tallow to equalize ME of the diets
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Sorghum-based DDGS and ADG in Finishing Pigs
9491000 1000 996
600
950
1300
Control 20% 40% 60%
SE 22 g
No TRT effect (P > 0.11)
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Sorghum-based DDGS and G/F in Finishing Pigs
300
330 333343
250
325
400
Control 20% 40% 60%
SE 6 g/kg
Linear effect (P < 0.001)
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Sorghum-based DDGS and Dressing Percentage
71.170.9
71.571.9
70
72
73
Control 20% 40% 60%
SE 0.2 %
Linear effect (P < 0.008)
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Sorghum-based DDGS and Last Rib Fat Depth
22
2523
25
15
23
30
Control 20% 40% 60%
SE 0.3 mm
Cubic effect (P < 0.007)
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• 72 nursery pigs (avg BW of 6.8 kg) were used in a 22-d growth assay • 6 pigs/pen and 4 pens/trt • Fed same pelleted starter diet to d 7 • Experimental diets in meal form • TRTs: corn-soy-based control with 0, 10, and 20% DDGS • Soy oil to equalize ME of diets
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Sorghum-based DDGS and ADG in Nursery Pigs
463 479 459
300
450
600
Control 10% 20%
SE 11 g
No trt effect (P > 0.15)
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Sorghum-based DDGS and G/F in Nursery Pigs
621 617576
300
550
800
Control 10% 20%
SE 21 g/kg
No trt effect (P > 0.15)
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• 180 nursery pigs (avg BW of 5.7 kg) were used in a 20-d growth assay • 6 pigs/pen and 6 pens/trt • Fed same pelleted starter diet to d 7 • Experimental diets in meal form • TRTs: corn-soy-based control with 0, 15, 30, 45, and 60% DDGS • Tallow to equalize ME of diets
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Sorghum-based DDGS and ADG in Nursery Pigs
486 499466
398
324
300
450
600
Control 15% 30% 45% 60%
SE 10 g
Quadratic effect (P < 0.001)
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Sorghum-based DDGS and G/F in Nursery Pigs
620
685736
622572
450
650
850
Control 15% 30% 45% 60%
SE 40 g/kg
Quadratic effect (P < 0.02)
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• 180 nursery pigs (avg BW of 8.8 kg) were used in a 20-d growth assay • 6 pigs/pen and 6 pens/trt • Fed same pelleted starter diet to d 10 • Experimental diets in pelleted form • TRTs: corn-soy-based control with 0, 15, 30, 45, and 60% DDGS • Tallow to equalize ME of diets
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Sorghum-based DDGS and Pellet Durability Index 94
83
51
27 27
0
50
100
Control 15% 30% 45% 60%
%
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Sorghum-based DDGS and ADG in Nursery Pigs
535 548505
446
356
300
475
650
Control 15% 30% 45% 60%
SE 8 g
Quadratic effect (P < 0.001)
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Sorghum-based DDGS and G/F in Nursery Pigs
640 631592
545 546
450
600
750
Control 15% 30% 45% 60%
SE 19 g/kg
Linear effect (P < 0.001)
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Conclusions • Sorghum-based DDGS are similar to
corn-based DDGS for MEn in broilers….but may be a bit lower in availability of lysine
• As much as 20 to 30% DDGS in diets for nursery pigs and 60% DDGS in diets for finishing pigs had no negative effects on growth performance
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General Observations & Comments
• Promoting color as a primary indicator of quality is probably not a terribly good idea
• If mycotoxins are a concern, shouldn’t we just test for them instead of limiting use of DDGS in diets?
• 50% of a diet as DDGS will add 2.2% corn oil to finishing diet ..... high oil corn as 80% will add 2.8% corn oil to a finishing diet