Download - Evolution of formula 1 cars
EVOLution of Formula 1 Cars
Amit MangtaniAerospace Engineering
WHAT IS FORMULA 1???
Highest class of auto racing sanctioned by the Federation Internationale de I’Automobile (FIA) Formula one cars race at high speeds up to 360 km per hour with engines reviving up to a formula imposed limit of 18,000 rpm
Performance of the cars is highly dependent on Aerodynamics, Suspension, Electronics and Tyres Teams spend tens of millions of dollars on research and develop-ment in the field of aerodynamics each year
EARLY DEVELOPMENTS
No knowledge of aerodynamics
Engine Power was important in producing faster lap times
Use of soft rubber compounds and wider tyres demonstrates the importance of good adhesion and cornering ability
G0t AnY IDEA??
Concept: Inverted Wing
• Fixed Angle of Attack of the wing• Mechanism for controlling the incidence angle• Mounted the wing directly on the unsprung wheel assembly• Very High mounted wings
Formula 1 Teams: Vision
Creation of Downforce Push the car's tyres onto the track and improve cornering
forces
Minimising the drag Caused by turbulence and acts to slow the car down
1970 – 1980
Ground Effect Aerodynamics(Introduction of Skirts)
Ground effects was another innovation brought to F1 by Colin Chapman's Lotus team Idea: Making the entire car function as one giant wing to increase downforce
Desire For More Downforce…
Diffuser
Sculptured under-body tunnels were prohibited
Idea: Sculpting the underbody of a car into 2 tunnels and the effect is similar to a venturi effect
Aim: To decelerate the air without it separating from the tunnel walls
Installing an inverted wing close to the diffuser exit is possible to produce higher downforce
REAR WING Comprised of two set of airfoils connected to each other by the wing end-plates Use of endplates to prevent air spillage around the wing tips
Splitting the aerofoil into separate elements as seen in is one way to overcome the flow separation Rear Wing varies from track to track
Smoothening the flow and reducing the drag
Bargeboards first seen in 1993
Smoothen the airflow around the car and into the radiator intakes
To overcome the problem of unnecessary turbulence in front of the wheels Many teams sculpted outside edges to the endplates to direct the air around the front wheels
Major Innovations IN Last Decade
McLaren Mercedes Vs Red Bull
F-Duct System Flexi WIngs
Improving The Show Drag reduction System (DRS) aimed at reducing aerodynamic drag in order to promote overtaking
Adjustable flap on the the rear wing of the car which opens and closes in correspondence with a driver’s commands
Conditions for using DRS:Pursuing car within a
second and in activation zone
Once two racing laps
Current Design
Evolution of F1 cars