What’s the Matter Part 2What is stuff?
Matter
• EVERYTHING!!!!• Anything that takes up space and has
mass
Substance
• A form of matter that has a definite composition
• All substance is matter, but not all matter is a substance
• How can that be???
MIXTURE – combination of two or more substances
• Homogeneous mixture – A mixture that has the same properties throughout.
• Heterogeneous – A mixture in which substances are not uniform
HETEROGENEOUS or HOMOGENEOUS
• Water (H2O)• OIL AND WATER• KOOL-AID• US IN THIS CLASSROOM!!!!
ELEMENT
• A substance that cannot be broken down any further.
Atom
The basic building block of an element
Compound
• A substance composed of atoms of two or more elements.
H20 –Water
C02 – Carbon Dioxide
NaCl – Sodium Chloride (table salt)
• 1) Johnny Boy desires to see why his clothes sometimes fade more than other times when he is washing his clothes. He buys three different detergents and will record the results. The detergents are what component of the scientific method?
• 2) Define the following as an element,
compound, heterogeneous, or homogeneous mixture: 1) salt water, 2) iron and sand, 3) oil and water, 4) Oxygen, 5) Water, 6) Hydrogen.
The states of matter
• Solid, Liquid and Gas• Gas molecules are the
most spread out, they are closer together in liquids, and most compact (or dense) as a solid
• THE COMPOSITION NEVER CHANGES!!!
Physical versus Chemical Properties
• Physical Property – An observation of a substance that can be observed without transforming the substance into another substance
• Basically, the observations as is
Chemical Property = Change
• Chemical Property – Any property of a substance that cannot be observed unless the substance undergoes a chemical change.
• Basically, you cannot observe a chemical property without changing it.
Physical versus Chemical
• Conversion of Water to Ice• Mixing of Water and Salt• Boiling point of lead• Hydrogen combining with Oxygen to
form water
Extensive versus Intensive
• Extensive – Depends on how much Matter (Mass, Volume, length)
• ADDATIVE
• Intensive – Does not depend on how much Matter (density, temperature)
• NOT ADDATIVE
THINK
• Extensive – a number that pertains to amount. Like how many, how heavy, or how long.
• Intensive – a number that pertains to a character. Like how hot, or how dense
Extensive versus Intensive
• Your Body temperature• Your height• Your weight• The density of ice
Density
• Density = Mass / Volume• D = m / vRemember, that density is intensive.
Therefore does not depend on the mass.
SOLVE d = m / v
• A piece of gold ingot has a mass of 301g and volume of 15.6 cm3. What is the density???
Set Up
• d = m / v• d = 301 g / 15.6 cm3 • d = 19.3 g/cm3
YOU TRY IT!!!!The density of Mercury at room temperature is 13.6 g/mL. What is the mass of a sample of mercury with a volume of 5.50 mL???
ANSWER
• d = m / v• 13.6 g/mL = m / 5.50 mL• (13.6 g/mL) (5.50 mL) = m• 74.8 g = m
Temperature
• Fahrenheit (F°)• Celsius (C°)• Kelvin (k)Kelvin is an absolute numberK = C° + 273.15C° = (F° - 32°) X 5/9F° = 9/5 X (C°) + 32°
K = C° + 273.15C° = (F° - 32°) X 5/9F° = 9/5 X (C°) + 32°
• Convert• 31°C = ______k• 435°F = _____C°• -269°C=_____F°• 234.3k = _____C°