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Europe before Transatlantic Travel
Topic 5
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Ancient Greece
Valued Reason and deep thinking. Three Great Thinkers:
Socrates – question your thoughts and beliefs Plato – The Republic described an ideal society Aristotle – taught to live based on reason
Athens started democracy; all male citizens participated in the government
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Ancient Rome
Roman Republic was another form of democracy
Elected representatives for one year
Laws were kept on display in public places
Believed in innocent until proven guilty and equality for all citizens
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The Middle Ages in Europe
Lasted about 1,000 years.
People followed the feudal system
Nearly everyone was Catholic Christian.
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The Crusades Series of Holy Wars
between Christians and Muslims in Southwest Asia (today’s Middle East).
Christians wanted control of Palestine and the “Holy Lands”.
Started permanent trade with countries in Asia.
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Travel and Growth Technology in the early
1100s made farming easier. Population gets larger. Cities become larger. Travel becomes safer,
Increased trade along a trade route called the Silk Road.
Marco Polo – famous Italian traveller and merchant that brought back ideas, spices, paper money, even spaghetti!
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The Black Death Around 1345, the Black
Death is brought back to Europe through trade.
It kills about 25 million! Everything is effected. Workers are scarce, so
they start demanding better treatment and conditions.
Begin seeing trade guilds and a middle class emerge.
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The Renaissance
Means “rebirth” Love of education
during this period. Rulers had relative
peace and control. Advances in Art,
literature, science, politics, value of human individuals.
Begins in Italy, spreads across Europe.
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Leaders of the Renaissance
Michelangelo – painter, sculptor, architect
Leonardo da Vinci – painter, sculptor, architect, inventor, engineer, mapmaker.
Dante Alighieri – writer Wrote in Italian instead of
latin – BIG step to making education available to everyone
Johannes Gutenberg – developed a printing press with movable type.