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EU Ergonomic Standards - Their D l t I l t ti dDevelopment, Implementation and
ApplicationDr. Kevin Tesh
E i MErgonomics ManagerEthicon Franchise
Improve, Impact and Influence
Applied Ergonomics ConferenceMarch 25 2009March 25 2009Reno, Nevada
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Agendag
EU i t d d• EU ergonomic standards• UK approach – implementation and
application• Turning tide in EU – a new approach g pp• Managing Ergonomics Globally at Ethicon• Summary• Summary
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President Obama’s quoteq
"Today's workers are particularly susceptible to debilitating musculoskeletal injuries. TheseToday s workers are particularly susceptible to debilitating musculoskeletal injuries. These injuries cost American businesses $15-20 billion each year in workers' compensation costs.
Although OSHA issued a standard based on successful business practices in reducing these costly injuries, Bush and a Republican Congress negated this progress by repealing the standard. As
P id t I ld i t t OSHA' i l d k th t t li th tPresident, I would reinstate OSHA's ergonomics rule and make sure that we create a policy that supports workers."
htt // fl i /i / liti / ti i b k b fhttp://www.aflcio.org/issues/politics/questionnaires_barackobama.cfm
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EU Legislative Occupational safety and health routeand health route
European CommissionDirectivesDirectives
1993 ‘The Six Pack’
Health and Safety at Work Act
Member States ImplementsThe
Health and Safety at Work Act
eRegulations
Regulations, guidance, minimal requirements around national laws Further
Guidance
Amendments
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The ‘Explicit’ Ergonomic RegulationsThe Explicit Ergonomic Regulations
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Cornerstone of the Manual Handling RegulationsHandling Regulations
• Avoid
• Assess
• Reduce so far as reasonably practicable• Reduce so far as reasonably practicable
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The Ergonomic Approach
The taskThe load
The task
The working environmentIndividual capabilityOther factors
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Lifting and lowering guidance
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Other manual handling guidance dataguidance data
• Frequency of lifting• Twistingg• Carrying• Pushing and pulling (start and maintain g p g (
forces)• Handling while seatedg
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HSE’s Manual Handling Assessment ChecklistAssessment Checklist
Do the tasks involve:• Holding loads away from trunk?• Twisting?• Stooping?
Are the loads:• Heavy• Bulky / unwieldy?
• Reaching upwards?• Large vertical movements?• Long carrying distances?
y y• Difficult to grasp?• Unstable / unpredictable?• Intrinsically harmful (e.g.g y g
• Strenuous pushing and pulling?• Precise load positioning • Unpredictable movement of
Intrinsically harmful (e.g. sharp / hot)?
ploads?
• Repetitive handling?• A work rate imposed by a p y
process?
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HSE’s Manual Handling Assessment ChecklistAssessment Checklist
Consider the working environment – are there:
• Constraints on posture?
Consider individual capability– does the job:
• Require unusual capability?• Poor floors?• Variations in levels?• Hot / cold / humid conditions?
• Pose a risk to those with a health problem or a physical or learning difficulty?Hot / cold / humid conditions?
• Strong air movements?• Poor lighting conditions?
• Pose a risk to those who are pregnant?
• Call for special information / ptraining?
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HSE’s Manual Handling Assessment ChecklistAssessment Checklist
Other factors to consider are E i t
Work Organisation –Equipment –
• Is movement or posture hindered by clothing or personal
t ti i t (PPE) ?
• Lack of consideration to planning and scheduling of tasks / rest breaks?
protective equipment (PPE) ?• Is there an absence of the
correct / suitable PPE being ?
• Lack of poor communication between managers and employees (Risk assessment and changes)
worn?• Are trolleys / carts / floor
surfaces poorly maintained / l d / i d?
• Sudden changes in workload without suitable control measures?
• Insufficient training and information cleaned / repaired?
• Is there a lack of a regular maintenance procedures for the
i t?
to carry out tasks successfully?
equipment?
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The ‘Explicit’ Ergonomic RegulationsThe Explicit Ergonomic Regulations
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Display Screen Equipment (DSE) RegulationsRegulations
Risks not j st abo t ho rs’ sage per da b tRisks not just about hours’ usage per day but also nature of work:
• Fast information transfer to or from the DSEHi h l l f tt ti d t ti• High levels of attention and concentration
• Highly dependent on DSE or little choice about using itusing it
• Special training or skills to use the DSE
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Schedule - Minimal requirementsf DSE k t tifor DSE workstations
Equipment
Keyboard / mouse
Work desk
Work chair
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Schedule - Minimal requirementsfor DSE workstations
Environment Lighting, reflections & glare
Equipment
Keyboard / mouseNoise
Work desk
Work chair
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Schedule - Minimal requirements for DSE workstations
Environment Lighting, reflections & glareTask design
Software
Equipment
Keyboard / mouseNoise
Work desk
Work chair
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Special Group of DSE k tworkers - remote
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Research Studies on Regulations
Manual Handling• Usability of Manual Handling Guidance (Tesh et al. 1992)• Evaluations of Manual Handling Regulations in 1997 and 2001 (Tesh et
al. 1997, Lancaster et al. 2001), )Display Screen Equipment• Evaluations 1st of Display Screen Equipment Regulations in 1997 and
2007 (Honey et al 1997 Gervais et al 2007)2007 (Honey et al. 1997, Gervais et al. 2007)• Evaluation of Display Screen Equipment Regulations compared with six
member states (Gervais et al. 2008)Six Pack RegulationsSix Pack Regulations• Evaluation of the Six-Pack Regulations 1992 (Hanson et al. 1998)
http://www.hse.gov.uk/research/publish.htm
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UK’s work related ill-health comparative data - nine Labour Force Surveys (HSEdata nine Labour Force Surveys (HSE
2008)
2,750 1,810
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Turning tide – New approach to OSH legislation in the EUOSH legislation in the EU
Why?Why?• MSDs plateaued despite directives• Incorporate emerging issuesIncorporate emerging issues• Need for more understandable and sector specific
requirements - SMErequirements SME• Limited work situations covered by directives
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Turning tide – New approach to OSH legislation in the EUOSH legislation in the EU
Approach:• Added value, easier to apply and more effective• Single directive focussing on MSDs and work
related stressrelated stress• Promote H&S as good for business not an
impedimentimpediment• Establish link between OSH and competitiveness • Deliver outcomes instead of outputsDeliver outcomes instead of outputs
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A different approach to tackling MSDs in UKtackling MSDs in UK
Task and Organisational FactorsPostureForce
g
PostureForce
Biomechanical Model Bio-psychosocial Model
Repetition DurationIndividual Factors
Repetition Duration
Individual Factors
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Ergonomics at Ethicon
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Ethicon’s Ergonomic Challenges
Visual Demands
DexterityDemands
And it gets worse!
High levels Of attention
Static PosturesRepetitive Postures
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Managing Ergonomics across the Ethicon Franchisethe Ethicon Franchise
• EHS Charter with strong set of core values• EHS Council conduit role• Quarterly conference calls – North America and
Asia Pacific• Site visits (3-4 per year)• Capitalise on Convergence
– Manage ergonomics differently– Better leverage of our limiting resources
Think beyond our business unit boundaries– Think beyond our business unit boundaries
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Ergonomic Metrics*Total %
mitigation of combined high and
**% Review of new andhigh and
moderate risk
elements YTD
Planned mitigation
rate by year end 2008
of new and significantly
changed jobs - Goal
100%100% 100% 67%
WW Operating LocationsSomerville 100% 100% 67%
80% 75% 100%62% 68% 100%94% 95% 100%65% 0%
SomervilleSan AngeloSan LorenzoCorneliaRaleigh
100% 100% 0%0% NA NA80% 75-80% 100%90% 75% 100%100% >75% 100%
JuarezBrussels-ELCKirktonAuneauNorderstedt 100% >75% 100%
58% >75% 0%51% >75% NA80% >75% 100%0% NA 0%
NorderstedtNeuchatelGargraveSan Jose Dos CamposIndia-Baddi
69% >75% 0%74% >75% 0%75% >75% 100%
India-AurangabadChina-ShanghaiEthicon WW
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Site ergo culture –involving the workforce
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Secret to delivering ‘site’ ergonomic improvementsg p
Project No.
Project name Risk Element Risk elements
(H/M)
Leadership Accountable
P
Task Co-ordinator
Due Date
Costs (£K)
OH History
Comments and Actions Status
Ergo Risk Action Plan Version 1.1 (13/02/09) Week 7
Projects with solutions and action plans
(H/M) Person1 Attaching -
Zipper Folder tray inserts
Shoulder abduction, reach behind shoulder
and repetition shoulder (right)
3 (1/2) Andrew Morris Paul Letford
3Q08 50 1. Seek QA approval on beading material (w eek 9). 2. Continue trials (w eek 7 onwards). 3. Conduct CBA on beading coverage on all sides and tw o longest (w eek 9). 4. Investigate
suitable block design to support inclined trays (week 10). 5. Update working pr
2 Micro-resin Neck Flexion 1 (0/1) Kevin Tesh Anne McSporran
1Q08 12K 1. Convert remaining seven scopes (week 9). 2. Arrange Zeiss visit to brief operators on all shifts (w eek 10). Prepare guidance sheet on how to set up scope and reason for their
introduction (week 10).( )
3 Sealer blanker 1 and 2 back end
Neck flexion 1 (0/1) Colin Yuill James Ford
3Q07 NR Machine 1 is operational and second machine due for installation - 1Q09 or 2Q09.
4 BA Machine Lifting (weight), forw ard bending
2 (1/1) Andrew Morris Kevin Newby
2Q09 £1,800 1. Further analysis of handling risk required (w eek 10) 2. Consider suitability of lifting aid used in print room / stores (week 11). 3. Consider impact of handling risk w ith PAM
machine (w eek 12). 4. Investigate open rack storage as an alternative to cup
5 Stores - Finished goods
Back flexion, repetition (back)
2 (2/0) Carolyn Jenkins
Jackie Soutar
1Q09 None 1. Implement proper use of high lifter for decanting and loading through training (week 10). 2. Reinforce JSA requirements (week 10)
6 Hand winding - straight needles
on relay
Shoulder abduction, repetition (shoulder)
2 (2/0) Kevin Tesh Scott Gardner
3Q09 None 1. Determine range of codes (week 12). 2. Assess with training school on what can be done regarding preferred technique to mitigate excessive shoulder movements (week 14).
7 GZW-Zipper Shoulder flexion and repetition
2 (2/0) Kevin Tesh Gary Robertson
3Q09 Unsure 1. Determine range of products to establish likely average exposure spread across > 1 working day (week 15).
8 Attaching - books (non-loop)
Back tw ist, shoulder
abduction, and repetition
3 (1/2) Andrew Morris Paul Letford
4Q09 None 1. Determine range of codes for books (week 16). 2. Alter working techniques to encourage operator to turn in seat (week 16). 3. Investigating similar approach w ith zipper trays by
angling tray and bringing forward onto attaching table (week 20)
9 IPA Drum Weight, bulky load, stability of
load
3 (1/2) Stuart Birrell Jackie Soutar
1Q09 Unsure 1. Drum handling device being evaluated to move drum between store and bone w ax areas (week 10).
Totals N/A 19(10/9) N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/ATotals N/A 19(10/9) N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
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Summary
L i l ti ithi b t t t b EU• Legislation within member states set by EU• Shift in EU approach – taking a wider perspective
Need to consider bio psychosocial model to truly• Need to consider bio-psychosocial model to truly eliminate MSDs
• Key to ergonomic success – leadership!Key to ergonomic success leadership!
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Thank You