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Estonian Peat Association International Peat Association
Commission of Mineral Resources of EstoniaEngineering bureau STEIGER
Erki Niitlaan
Some legal and technical aspects of peat production and mining geodesy
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Proposition
Peat is one most complicated substance to measure ...
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Content
Terminology
Legal instruments of peat mining survey
Problems with peat
Conclusions
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Terminology
Mining – removal of mineral resources from their natural bedding.
By “mineral resources” in Estonia we mean:- oilshale- peat- sand, gravel- limestone, dolomite- clay- creative mud- etc
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Legal instruments
Earth’s Crust ActAct provides the procedure and principles of exploration, protection and use of the earth’s crust, with the purpose of ensuring economically efficient and environmentally sound use of the earth’s crust.
- geological investigation and geological explorations;- extraction of mineral resources;- the rights of the owner of an immovable upon use of
mineral resources within the boundaries of the owner’s immovable;
- restoration of the land disturbed by geological investigation, geological explorations or mining;
- protection of the earth’s crust.
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Legal instruments
Mining Act- mining and the secondary utilisation of underground
workings;- plans for mining and the secondary utilisation of
underground workings;- undertakings engaged in mining, the secondary
utilisation of underground workings or preparation of plans for such work;
- specialists in charge and authorities assessing and attesting the conformity thereof;
- liability and state supervision.
Both acts are regulating aspects of all mineral resources inc. peat
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Legal instruments
Under Earth's Crust Act Minister of Environment has established a regulation of (05.04.2011)
The environmental declaration forms, procedures for compliance of the forms, the
procedure for the submission of the report of the volume of the extraction of mineral
reserves
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Legal instruments
Regulation declares:
All extraction permit holders should submit once in quarter a report of the volume of the extracted mineral reserve based on production data.
Depending of volumes all permit holders should verify their declarations with mine survey
Peat producers have to do mine survey once during the permit period (25 years) - 3 years before the end of permit
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Legal instruments
Under Mining Act Minister of Economic Affairs and Communications has established a regulation of (28.01.2012)
The procedure for mine survey operations
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Legal instruments
Regulation declares:
Frequency of surveyRequirements for accuracyRequirements of methodologyRequirements of documentation (inc report, conducted calculations, drawings etc)Requirements of underground mine survey
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Legal instruments
Regulation declares that during mine survey of peat:
Border of slightly and well humified peat should be determined
Survey should be conducted in whole depth of peat layer despite the depth of extraction permit
During mine survey new samples of peat moisture and humification level should be determined
In case of first survey at least 10 % bottom layer depths should be measured by sounding. In case of average difference more than 10 cm new sounding should conducted
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Problems
Peat reserve is measured in thousands of tons in relative moisture 40 %
Slightest mistake in calculation of production volumes will accumulate during the time
Peat characteristics are changing and peat is migrating vertically during the preparation of production site and production
Old geological survey reports cannot be trusted without check over
Over the time the borders of extraction permits, reserve blocks or immovable's have been changed because of digitalisation and renewing databases
Following of borders of extraction permit are controlled very precisely because of digitalisation
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Problems
Producer measures a volume in cubage, but has to declare in tonnage - witch constant should he use?
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Problems
Laiküla production site (natural bedding)
Constants at 1991slightly humified peat – 0,121well humified peat – 0,175
Constants at 2011slightly humified peat – 0,137 well humified peat – 0,205
Totally another constants should be used for peat in stockpile
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Problems
Kasesoo production site
Slightly humified peat
ParameterNew
values(2010)
Regu-lation
Hand-book
Original data(1993)
Degree of fumification
210,156 0,152
140,132
Moisture content
90 90
Well humified peat
Degree of humification
330,186 0,180
280,167
Muisture content
89 89
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Problems
Should the volume of extracted peat calculated trough the left reserve or extracted reserve?
In witch case witch constant should be used?
proved reserve – left reserve = extracted reserve [ 1 ]
or
proved reserve – extracted reserve = left reserve [ 2 ]
left reserve + extracted ≠ proved reserve
[ 1 ] – new constant[ 2 ] – average of new and geological survey constants
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Problems
During the preparation of production site and exploitation peat migrates vertically a lot
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Problems
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Problems
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Problems
A calculated reserve of bottom pillar is changing in time due to peat’s vertical migration
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Problems
Declaration of volumes should be done by reserve blocks – it’s very easy to make a mistake
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Problems
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Problems
Changes in regulations
Since 01.01.1995 slightly humified peat is ≥ 25 %
Before that it was ≥ 20 %
Most of peat reserves are proven before 1995!Most mine surveys are done after!
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Conclusions
There no ideal way to measure peat reserves or usage of reserves
Measuring in tonnages seems to be most precise
During peat mine survey in addition to instrumental survey a control sounding and new laboratory testing should be done
Control sounding should be conducted on same locations as original sounding was done in geological survey
Peat mine survey should be conducted in whole depth of peat layer as extraction permit should be granted
Despite the effort it’s almost never possible to get absolutely accurate results what will mach with previous surveys
New regulation of the procedure for mine survey operations should solve most problems
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• Mmmm, millised on piirid kus ma võin toimetada?
Thank you!