Estimation of emissions from aviation EMEP/ANCAT/CORINAIR, TRENDS & “Austrian” methodology
Manfred KALIVODA,psiA-Consult GmbH, Vienna/[email protected]
EEA Workshop Greenhouse Gases from Aviation –17/18-5-04
Manfred T. KALIVODA 2EEA Workshop Greenhouse Gases 17/18-5-04
Topics
Some basics on Methodology MEET EMEP/UNECE/ANCAT Austrian best practice TRENDS Conclusion
Manfred T. KALIVODA 3EEA Workshop Greenhouse Gases 17/18-5-04
Purpose of emission air traffic inventories
National Policy,int. ReportingMechanism(Corinair, IPCC,..) Global
Climate Modelling
Local Air Quality
Manfred T. KALIVODA 4EEA Workshop Greenhouse Gases 17/18-5-04
IFRInstrument Flight RulesG
ATMILITARY CIVIL
OATOperational Air
Traffic
Com
bat
VFRVisual Flight
Rules
Tran
spor
t
Trai
ner
PIS
TON
TU
RBO
PRO
PJ ET &
T URBOFAN
HEL
ICO
PTER
LOCAL / GROUND
RELATED
LOCAL / GROUND
RELATEDGLOBAL / ' HIGH ALTITUDE '
Flight Rules
Engine Char.
Impact
Traffic DataTraffic Characteristics
Traffic CharacteristicsBasic EIs
Categorisation of Air Traffic
Manfred T. KALIVODA 5EEA Workshop Greenhouse Gases 17/18-5-04
ClimbClimb DescentDescentCruiseCruise
IFR Flights (Instrument Flight Rules)
+Activities Apt A+Activities Apt A•Start up EnginesStart up Engines•Taxi outTaxi out•Take offTake off
+Activities +Activities Apt BApt B
•LandingLanding•Taxi inTaxi in•APUAPU
MEET Methodology
Manfred T. KALIVODA 6EEA Workshop Greenhouse Gases 17/18-5-04
ground related enroute
<3000 ft >3000 ftmovements kg-fuel
short distance movements kg-fuellong distance movements kg-fuel
emissions
Inter-national
old/ new fleetDomestic
0%
100%
200%
300%
400%
500%
600%
700%
Fuel/CO2/SO2 CO NOx NMVOC CH4 N2O
100% B737-400
B737 < 1000nm < B747
100% B767
B737 < 1000km < B747
100% B747-400
EMEP/ANCAT/CORINAIR - very simple methodology
Manfred T. KALIVODA 7EEA Workshop Greenhouse Gases 17/18-5-04
EMEP/ANCAT/CORINAIR - simple & detailed methodology
ground related enroute
<3000 ft >3000 ftDomestic movements per a/c type distance per a/c typeInternational movements per a/c type distance per a/c typecheck sum:
detailed emissions
total fuel consumption
ground related enroute
<3000 ft >3000 ftDomestic movements per a/c type kg-fuelInternational movements per a/c type kg-fuel
simple emissions
Manfred T. KALIVODA 8EEA Workshop Greenhouse Gases 17/18-5-04
Austrian best practice
Air Traffic Control Data for 1995, 1998, 2000 Radar Data = actual routes of actual flights ATC way points within Austrian ATC area, great circle outside
30 aircraft categories Calculation according to MEET & ARTEMIS (turbo
prop) functions 1: DISTANCES for climb, cruise, descent 2: Emissions from TAXI OUT (OS2) 3: Emissions from TAKE OFF (OS3) 4: Emissions from CLIMB (OS4) 5: Emissions from CRUISE (OS5) 6: Emissions from DESCENT (OS6) 7: Emissions from LANDING (OS7) 8: Emissions from TAXI IN (OS8)
Manfred T. KALIVODA 9EEA Workshop Greenhouse Gases 17/18-5-04
Austrian best practice: AvioMEET inventory tool
Manfred T. KALIVODA 10EEA Workshop Greenhouse Gases 17/18-5-04
EMEP/ANCAT/CORINAIR – comparison for Vienna apt
LTO total 1998 for VIE
0%
100%
200%
Fuel NOx HC CO
very simpledetailedATC
Manfred T. KALIVODA 11EEA Workshop Greenhouse Gases 17/18-5-04
EMEP/ANCAT/CORINAIR – comparison for total emissions
0%
100%
200%
300%
400%
500%
600%
Fuel NOx HC
very simple
improved very simple
simple
detailed
best practice
Manfred T. KALIVODA 12EEA Workshop Greenhouse Gases 17/18-5-04
TRENDS methodology - input
Spatial aggregation 250 most important airports in Europe NUTS 2 regions include EU candidates with same level of detail regional aggregation for the rest of world
35 aircraft categories Eurocontrol CFMU data (1996-2001)
Central Flow Management Data = Flight plans: scheduled not actual flights
AEA traffic actiovity database (1975-1995) movements, veh.km, pkm, seat-km tkm per country and year
Eurocontrol STATFORE data (2001-2015) movements per region/country and year
Manfred T. KALIVODA 13EEA Workshop Greenhouse Gases 17/18-5-04
Eurocontrol CFMU data per flightdep apt (ICAO apt code)dest apt (ICAO apt code)a/c type (ICAO a/c descriptor)
apt conversion listICAO apt code TRENDS „location code“
a/c conversion listICAO a/c descriptor TRENDS „a/c categories“
Eurocontrol aggregated data:number of flights for a period per a/c category per „city pair“ (dep. location /dest. Location [+GC distance])
Eurocontrol CFMU data for TRENDS
Manfred T. KALIVODA 14EEA Workshop Greenhouse Gases 17/18-5-04
Allocation
Country A: LTO Departure A1-B2 Cruise A1-B2 LTO Arrival B2-A1
Country B: LTO Departure B2-A1 Cruise B2-A1 LTO Arrival A1-B2
50%
50%
Manfred T. KALIVODA 15EEA Workshop Greenhouse Gases 17/18-5-04
TRENDS methodology – calculation & results
Emission factors MEET & ARTEMIS (turbo props) EMEP/UNECE/ANCAT Annual correction factor for technology changes according
to the MEET forecast AvioPoll (MS-Access) calculation tool Database with output categories
short, medium, longhaul (500|1000km) domestic, intra EU, extra EU international ground related (<1000m), enroute (>1000m) passenger, cargo (estimate) Traffic indicators: pkm, tkm
Manfred T. KALIVODA 16EEA Workshop Greenhouse Gases 17/18-5-04
TRENDS methodology – AvioPoll database system
Manfred T. KALIVODA 17EEA Workshop Greenhouse Gases 17/18-5-04
Conclusion
EMEP/UNECE/ANCAT & Austrian best practice are used for national emission reporting purposes only
TRENDS Database goes beyond reporting: transport activity & indicators
NEEDS All emission factors are based on certification data,
ARTEMIS collects actual emissions under everyday conditions will be ready when?
All emission factors represent about year 1995 fleet update needed for new fleet composition
Engine start up emissions (unburned fuel) is not covered yet by EMEP/UNECE/ANCAT
Do we want a harmonised data source for activity data for all EU-25 countries? Can it be Eurocontrol data?
Thank you for your attention
Manfred KALIVODApsiA-Consult GmbH, [email protected]
EEA Workshop Greenhouse Gases from Aviation –17/18-5-04