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Environmental sustainability of waste water ozonation
Larsen, Henrik Fred; Hansen, Peter Augusto
Publication date:2010
Document VersionPublisher's PDF, also known as Version of record
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Citation (APA):Larsen, H. F., & Hansen, P. A. (2010). Environmental sustainability of waste water ozonation. Poster sessionpresented at 20th SETAC Europe Annual Meeting, Sevilla, Spain.
fEnvironmental sustainability of waste water ozonationEnvironmental sustainability of waste water ozonationyHenrik Fred Larsen and Peter Augusto Hansen DTUHenrik Fred Larsen and Peter Augusto Hansen, DTU
(corresponding author: hfl@man dtu dk)(corresponding author: [email protected])
IntroductionIntroductionThe EU FP6 project NEPTUNE has been going on for about 3,5 year and is now at the finalising stage. The project is related to the EU Water Framework Directive and the main goal has been toThe EU FP6 project NEPTUNE has been going on for about 3,5 year and is now at the finalising stage. The project is related to the EU Water Framework Directive and the main goal has been to develop new and optimize existing waste water treatment technologies (WWTT) and sludge handling methods for municipal waste water Besides nutrients a special focus area has beendevelop new and optimize existing waste water treatment technologies (WWTT) and sludge handling methods for municipal waste water. Besides nutrients, a special focus area has been micropollutants (e g pharmaceuticals heavy metals) As part of the project a holistic based prioritisation among technologies and optimisations has been done and is based on life cycle assessmentmicropollutants (e.g. pharmaceuticals, heavy metals). As part of the project a holistic based prioritisation among technologies and optimisations has been done and is based on life cycle assessment (LCA) Th LCA’ f d ti LCA’ d th t f i d d i t d t id d i t i i t d d i th lif l i t t (LCIA) t I t t l(LCA). The LCA’s are performed as comparative LCA’s and the concept of induced impacts as compared to avoided impacts is introduced in the life cycle impact assessment (LCIA) part. In total more that 20 different waste water and sludge treatment technologies have been assessed. This poster presents the LCA results from running the induced versus avoided impact approach on g g p p g p ppozonation, and the impact of combining ozonation with sand filtration. The effect of including ecotoxicity effect end-points, for which the population survival relevance is debatable, on the estimationozonation, and the impact of combining ozonation with sand filtration. The effect of including ecotoxicity effect end points, for which the population survival relevance is debatable, on the estimation of ecotoxicity characterisation factors (CFs) is also shown Furthermore the effect on the “ozonation+sand filtration” LCA impact profile of including more micropollutants (9 metals) and phosphorusof ecotoxicity characterisation factors (CFs) is also shown. Furthermore, the effect on the ozonation+sand filtration LCA impact profile of including more micropollutants (9 metals) and phosphorus is illustratedis illustrated.
M th d lMethodologygyOzonation is a post treatment technology and the waste water treated is therefore the effluent from a municipal wastewater treatment plant with conventional treatment of today but without any post-Ozonation is a post treatment technology and the waste water treated is therefore the effluent from a municipal wastewater treatment plant with conventional treatment of today but without any posttreatment i e primary and secondary treatment only Foreground data i e the characteristics of this effluent (micropollutants content) is based on within NEPTUNE generated data and literaturetreatment, i.e. primary and secondary treatment only. Foreground data, i.e. the characteristics of this effluent (micropollutants content), is based on within NEPTUNE generated data and literature d t hi h i l th f th i t d t th ti l t ( ti t ti t ) R l t b d NEPTUNE d t B k d d tdata which is also the case for the inventory data on the ozonation plant (energy consumption, concrete consumption etc.). Removal rates are based on NEPTUNE data. Background data, e.g.
f f C C femissions from electricity production, is mainly from the EcoInvent 2.0 database. Consequential LCA is used, e.g. marginal for electricity production is assumed to be natural gas. Adapted EDIP97 LCA methodology is applied. gy pp
Sub-optimization?Sub optimization?
ResultsResults (weighting factor = 1 for all impact categories) 80NDMA
80NDMAClofibric acid
NDMAClofibric acid70 Clofibric acid
Propanolol22 micropollutants70 Clofibric acid
Propanolol22 micropollutantsSecondary effluent - directly emitted (22 micropollutants)
60
PropanololMetoprolol
p
60PropanololMetoprolol
p
60 e op o oAtenolol
50
pAtenololC b iGlobal warming 50
m3
CarbamazepinCli d i
50
m3 Carbamazepin
IbuprofenAcidification 40T
/m ClindamycinDiclofenac 40E
T/m Ibuprofen
Diclofenac
Nutrient enrichment
40
µP
E DiclofenacBezafibrate 30
µP
E
BezafibrateS lf th l
Photochemical oxidation
Nutrient enrichment30
µ BezafibrateSulfamethoxazole
30 SulfamethoxazoleRoxithromycinPhotochemical oxidation
20RoxithromycinE th i
20RoxithromycinErythromycin
Human toxicity soil20 Erythromycin
Clarithromycin 10
ErythromycinClindamycinCl i h iHuman toxicity water 10 Clarithromycin
Energy10 Clarithromycin
EnergyEcotoxicity soil 0
EnergyAncilliary 0
EnergyAncilliary
Ecotoxicity water
coto c ty so 0
Induced Avoided Avoided
yInfrastructure Induced Avoided Avoided
AncilliaryInfrastructure
T t l
Ecotoxicity water Induced Avoided Avoided
(precaut CFs)(precaut.CFs)
Total (precaut.CFs)
3 2g O30 2 4 6 8 10 12 3.2g O3
3.2g O30 6 8 0
µPET/m3 Ozonation (with or without precautionary CFs)Ozonation+sand filtration (with or without precautionary CFs)
µPET/m Ozonation (with or without precautionary CFs)
Avoided: 12 – 1 = 11 µPET/m3Avoided: 12 1 11 µPET/m3
Induced: 10 µPET/m3R l t P ti d i t
Induced: 10 µPET/m3Removal rate
Inlet conc (ng/L) (3 2 g O /m3)* PNEC (µg/L) CF (m3/kg) PNEC (µg/L) CF (m3/kg)Precuationary end-point
Tot-P
After ozonation; 3 2g ozon/m3 (22 micropollutants)Inlet conc. (ng/L) (3,2 g O3/m )* PNEC (µg/L) CF (m /kg) PNEC (µg/L) CF (m /kg)
Atenolol 1600 0 80 330 2 99E+03Heavy metalsNDMAAfter ozonation; 3,2g ozon/m3 (22 micropollutants) Atenolol 1600 0,80 330 2,99E+03
Bezafibrat 82 0,62 2,3 4,35E+052
300 NDMAClofibric acid31 micropollutants + P
Gl b l i
Bezafibrat 82 0,62 2,3 4,35E 05Carbamazepin 710 1,00 2,5 4,00E+05 0,5 2,00E+06
250275
Clofibric acidPropanololM t l lGlobal warming Clarithromycin 170 0,96 0,31 3,23E+06
225
250 MetoprololAtenolol
Acidification Clindamycin 34 0,95 8,5 1,17E+05Cl fib i ä 72 0 66 25 4 07E 04 5 2 00E 05
200
225 AtenololCarbamazepin
Nutrient enrichmentClofibrinsäure 72 0,66 25 4,07E+04 5 2,00E+05Diatrizoate 1800 0 00 11000 9 09E+01
175
/m3
pIbuprofenDiclofenac
Photochemical oxidationDiatrizoate 1800 0,00 11000 9,09E+01Diclofenac 1500 1,00 100 1,00E+04 0,1 1,00E+07 125
150
PE
T/ Diclofenac
Bezafibrate
Human toxicity soil
Photochemical oxidation Diclofenac 1500 1,00 100 1,00E 04 0,1 1,00E 07Erythromycin 99 0,80 0,20 5,00E+06 0,02 5,00E+07 100
125µP Bezafibrate
SulfamethoxazoleR ith i
H t i it t
Human toxicity soil y yIbuprofen 91 0,00 96 5,21E+03 3 1,67E+05 75
100 RoxithromycinErythromycinHuman toxicity water Iohexol 190 0,00 7400000 1,36E-01
I id l 1100 0 24 380000 2 65E 0050
ErythromycinClindamycin
Ecotoxicity soil Iopamidol 1100 0,24 380000 2,65E+00Iopromid 1800 0 26 100000 1 00E+01
25y
ClarithromycinEnergy
Ecotoxicity waterIopromid 1800 0,26 100000 1,00E+01Metoprolol 410 0 88 76 1 32E+04 7 3 1 37E+05
0 EnergyAncilliary
Total
y Metoprolol 410 0,88 76 1,32E 04 7,3 1,37E 05Naproxen 230 0,99 190 5,18E+03
Induced Avoided Avoided(precaut CFs)
AncilliaryInfrastructureTotal p
NDMA (N-nitrosodimethylamin) 57 -1,71 40 2,50E+04(precaut.CFs)
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 Primidon 170 0,62 1400 6,94E+02P l l 95 0 90 0 050 2 00E 07
3.2g O3
µPET/m3 Propanolol 95 0,90 0,050 2,00E+07Roxithromycin 50 0 82 2 8 3 56E+05
Ozonation+sand filtration (with or without precautionaryµ Roxithromycin 50 0,82 2,8 3,56E+05Sotalol 430 0 98 300 3 33E+03
CFs)Sotalol 430 0,98 300 3,33E+03Sulfamethoxazol 500 0,95 0,59 1,69E+06 0,15 6,67E+06, , , , ,Trimethoprim 130 0,98 800 1,25E+03
ConclusionsConclusionsB d th i ti ( d th t d ff t f i l di i ll t t ) lt i di t th t ti d f l f i i ll t t t b bl iBased on the given assumptions (and the expected effect of including more micropollutants) results indicate that ozonation used for removal of organic micropollutants most probably is environmentally sustainable, i.e. avoided potential impacts are higher than induced potential impactsy p p g p pHowever, problems with whole effluent toxicity (WET) from a risk assessment perspective (not shown)However, problems with whole effluent toxicity (WET) from a risk assessment perspective (not shown)Addressing the WET problem by including sand filtration significantly improves the sustainability profile (mainly due to added removal of heavy metals and tot-P)Addressing the WET problem by including sand filtration significantly improves the sustainability profile (mainly due to added removal of heavy metals and tot P)Including ecotoxicity effect end points with debatable populations survival relevance in the CFs (especially for diclofenac) have a significant impact on the impact profile for ozonationIncluding ecotoxicity effect end-points with debatable populations survival relevance in the CFs (especially for diclofenac) have a significant impact on the impact profile for ozonationF i l b l i i hti f t f t l t 30 45 i d d i d t h b k b t i d d d id d i t f ti bi d ith d filt tiFocusing on global warming a weighting factor of at least 30 – 45 is needed in order to reach a break-even between induced and avoided impacts for ozonation combined with sand filtration
AcknowledgmentThis study was part of the EU Neptune project (Contract No 036845, SUSTDEV-2005-3.II.3.2), which was financially supported by grants obtained from the EU Commission within the Energy, Global Change and Ecosystems Program of the Sixth Framework (FP6-2005 Gl b l 4) Th k t J li H ll d E f l i l t h ti l2005-Global-4). Thanks to Juliane Hollender, Eawag for supplying removal rates on pharmaceuticals