Download - Environmental Influences on the Process
Environmental Influences on the Process
Prepared by: Karla Maolen Visbal
Background
Physical Environment The Situation Situational Norms and Rules
Psychological Environment Privacy Temporality Interaction potential of the Environment
Physical Environment
Physical Setting
The environment in which interaction occurs influences the communication taking place.
The physical setting defines what is proper.
It also becomes a guide in interpreting messages.
Physical Setting
The Physical Setting is important in our communication because: Appropriate behavior in a particular
setting differs across cultures In communicating with strangers, the
strangers are in an unfamiliar setting
Geography and Climate
Environment is an important conditioner of culture
Subsistence and sustainability for food production
Architecture and Landscape
When architecture and landscape is combined with geography and climate, it creates a stage for the human players.
The way our houses and buildings are designed and constructed is influenced by cultures in which they are built
Traditional Japanese Home
Very minimal furniture
Shoji and Tatami
Multipurpose rooms
bathroom and toilet SHOULD be different/separated
Arab Home
Arabs tend to entertain guests in their homes, displaying heirlooms, souvenirs and the best furnishings.
German Home
German homes are surrounded by hedges and fences to ensure privacy
Large furniture and foyer/entryway to ensure that other parts of the house is not exposed
The Situation
The Situation
Situation
Scene
Setting Purpose
Scene
Setting Involves the locale of our interaction, the
time of our interaction and the bystanders who observe our interaction.
Who is present (bystanders) in situations also influences our communication.
Scene
Purpose Our interaction with others is based on the
types of activities in which we are engaged and the subject matter being discussed.
SCRIPT: A coherent sequence of events expected by an individual involving him or her, either a participant or an observer.
The Situation
Situation
Scene
Setting
Purpose
Participants
Individual
Relationship
Interpersonal Roles
Participants
Individual Participants Stable characteristics (personalities,
physical appearances and interests) influence how they respond and how we respond to them in specific situations.
Temporary characteristics (speech patterns, moods and emotions) also influence our interaction in a specific situation.
Participants
Stigmatization involves discounting strangers because they are different.
Interpersonal Intergroup
Participants
Relationship between participants Interpersonal relations, the role of an
individuals are filling and the ways individuals are categorized affect the way people behave in situations.
We tend to choose people who are similar to us.
Situational Norms and Rules
Norms
1. Collective evaluation of behaviors2. Collective expectations of what behavior
is acceptable3. Particular reactions to behavior (e.g.
sanctions)
Socially shared guidelines for expected and accepted behavior
Rules
Developed for reasons of expediency because they allow people to coordinate their activities more easily
Both norms and rules are culture-bound
Psychological Environment
Privacy
Closely intertwined with our concept of environment Desired privacy Achieved privacy
Temporality
Cultures develop temporal patterns which define when it is appropriate to do certain things Monochronic time Polychronic time
Interaction Potential
Potential the environment provides for interacting with strangers
Group memberships provide structural constraints in the establishment of intergroup relationships (Blau & Schwartz, 1984)
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